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The Victorians loved their flowers, and from a stunning nineteenth-century collection of floral motifs comes this garden of decorative designs. Exquisitely detailed and stylistically rare, its illustrations feature lush blossoms and plants surrounded by design elements of the most magnificent order.These 72 pages offer a wealth of images for a virtually unlimited array of applications. Perfect for enhancing greeting cards, newsletters, and websites, these gorgeous black-and-white patterns also offer inspiration for needlework and other craft projects.

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A Pictorial Archive for Artists and Designers

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Heraldry had its origin in the decorative shields used in Western Europe in the twelfth century. Today the varied and colorful designs that have developed over the centuries carry a rich aura of medieval romance that can enhance any number of artistic and design projects.For this volume, Carol Belanger Grafton has selected 1,047 authentic heraldic designs and motifs from The Art of Heraldry, a classic study by Arthur Charles Fox-Davies (18711928), an English barrister and foremost authority on the subject. Dating from the fourteenth to the twentieth centuries, the illustrations include 393 full-color and 654 black-and-white designs: arms of individuals, among them such notables as Edward the Black Prince, John Milton, and Maximilian I; arms of institutions, corporations, guilds, towns, and cities; heraldic windows; examples of heraldic lions, eagles, and dragons; banners and crests; and more.These designs represent a superb source of authentic royalty-free images that will give aristocratic flair to book and magazine illustrations, advertisements, newsletters, and other graphic projects. This volume is also a valuable visual reference for those interested in genealogy.

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A comprehensive approach to qualitative problems in intrinsic differential geometry, this text for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students emphasizes cases in which geodesics possess only local uniqueness properties--and consequently, the relations to the foundations of geometry are decidedly less relevant, and Finsler spaces become the principal subject.This direct approach has produced many new results and has materially generalized many known phenomena. Author Herbert Busemann begins with an explanation of the basic concepts, including compact metric spaces, convergence of point sets, motion and isometry, segments, and geodesics. Subsequent topics include Desarguesian spaces, with discussions of Riemann and Finsler spaces and Beltrami's theorem; perpendiculars and parallels, with examinations of higher-dimensional Minkowskian geometry and the Minkowski plane; and covering spaces, including locally isometric space, the universal covering space, fundamental sets, free homotopy and closed geodesics, and transitive geodesics on surfaces of higher genus. Concluding chapters explore the influence of the sign of the curvature on the geodesics, and homogenous spaces, including those with flat bisectors.

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General Investigations of Curved Surfaces

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Edited with an Introduction and Notes by Peter Pesic

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Gauss's theory of surfaces is among the purely mathematical achievements inspired by ideas that arose in connection with surveys of the surface of the earth. Long regarded as a masterpiece in content and form, this work features one of the author's most original contributions to mathematics--the discovery that Gauss termed the "Theorema Egregium." It consists of his penetrating definition of the concept of surface curvature and the theorem that the "Gauss curvature" is invariant under arbitrary isometric deformation of a curved surface. The profound effects of these concepts were soon generalized by Bernhard Riemann, and subsequent development included the important role of the Gauss-Riemann concept of curvature in modern relativity theory.This edition of Gauss's classic work features a new introduction, bibliography, and notes by science historian Peter Pesic. In addition, an informative appendix offers historical background.

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Karl Friedrich Gauss, Peter Pesic, Adam Hiltebeitel, James Morehead

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This text for advanced undergraduate students is both an introduction to algebraic geometry and a bridge between its two parts  the analytical-topological and the algebraic. Because of its extensive use of formal power series (power series without convergency), the treatment will appeal to readers conversant with analysis but less familiar with the formidable techniques of modern algebra. The book opens with an overview of the results required from algebra and proceeds to the fundamental concepts of the general theory of algebraic varieties: general point, dimension, function field, rational transformations, and correspondences. A concentrated chapter on formal power series with applications to algebraic varieties follows. An extensive survey of algebraic curves includes places, linear series, abelian differentials, and algebraic correspondences. The text concludes with an examination of systems of curves on a surface.

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Simple, easy-to-follow instructions and 105 figure drawings show how to execute more than 35 amazing card tricks using such ordinary items as a handkerchief, notepaper, piece of string, candle, and a deck of cards. Beginners will soon be performing remarkable feats iincluding The Thirty Card Trick, A False Riffle Shuffle, and more.

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When party guests request a few tricks, be prepared. Ask for a coin, and perform some of the tricks in this book. Because you will not have been aided by special stage apparatus, the results will be all the more astonishing. As tricks with coins are so readily improvised, they are among the most impressive forms of legerdemain.This book is the most complete treatise ever written on sleight-of-hand coin conjuring. Celebrated magician J. B. Bobo has gathered here the best and most useful of all coin tricks  not only his own, but those of some four dozen notable prestidigitators, including such greats as Robert-Houdin, Professer Hoffman, and  the greatest of all coin conjurers  T. Nelson Downs.All the tested, traditional methods of coin magic are here. Bobo has added to these the best of the modern innovations, while eliminating all of the out-of-date and impractical sleights of his sources. You will learn all about palms, holds, flips, switches, change-over, steals, cuffing, sleeving, and other sleight-of-hand techniques; coin tricks requiring special devices are also included. The author guides how systematically from basic techniques, concealments, and vanishes, through integrated tricks, to complete routine acts (18 in all). His clear explanations are splendidly complemented by 510 of Nelson C. Hahne's crisp illustrations.Sleight-of-hand magic has consistently earned the respect of professional magicians. If you are yet an amateur, this easy-to-follow manual  together with regular practice  is the surest route to professional-level competence. For professionals, this volume is a convenient encyclopedic reference that gathers in one place all the best coin magic from antiquity to modern times.

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The Early Mathematical Manuscripts of Leibniz

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The manuscripts and correspondence of Leibniz possess a special interest: they are invaluable as aids to the study of their author's part in the invention and development of the infinitesimal calculus. In addition, the main ideas behind Leibniz's philosophical theories lay here, in his mathematical work.This volume consists of two sections. The first part features Leibniz's own accounts of his work, and the second section comprises critical and historical notes and essays. An informative Introduction leads to the "postscript" to Leibniz's 1703 letter to James Bernoulli, his "Historia et Origio Calculi Differentialis," and manuscripts of the period 1673-77. Essays by the distinguished scholar C. I. Gerhardt follow--Leibniz in London and Leibniz and Pascal, along with additional letters and manuscripts by Leibniz.

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Set theory permeates much of contemporary mathematical thought. This text for undergraduates offers a natural introduction, developing the subject through observations of the physical world. Its progressive development leads from concrete finite sets to cardinal numbers, infinite cardinals, and ordinals.Although set theory begins in the intuitive and the concrete, it ascends to a very high degree of abstraction. All that is necessary to its grasp, declares author Joseph Breuer, is patience. Breuer illustrates the grounding of finite sets in arithmetic, permutations, and combinations, which provides the terminology and symbolism for further study. Discussions of general theory lead to a study of ordered sets, concluding with a look at the paradoxes of set theory and the nature of formalism and intuitionalism. Answers to exercises incorporated throughout the text appear at the end, along with an appendix featuring glossaries and other helpful information.

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This single-volume compilation of two books explores the construction of geometric proofs. In addition to offering useful criteria for determining correctness, it presents examples of faulty proofs that illustrate common errors. High-school geometry is the sole prerequisite.Proof in Geometry, the first in this two-part compilation, discusses the construction of geometric proofs and presents criteria useful for determining whether a proof is logically correct and whether it actually constitutes proof. It features sample invalid proofs, in which the errors are explained and corrected.Mistakes in Geometric Proofs, the second book in this compilation, consists chiefly of examples of faulty proofs. Some illustrate mistakes in reasoning students might be likely to make, and others are classic sophisms. Chapters 1 and 3 present the faulty proofs, and chapters 2 and 4 offer comprehensive analyses of the errors.

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Harmonic Analysis and the Theory of Probability

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Nineteenth-century studies of harmonic analysis were closely linked with the work of Joseph Fourier on the theory of heat and with that of P. S. Laplace on probability. During the 1920s, the Fourier transform developed into one of the most effective tools of modern probabilistic research; conversely, the demands of the probability theory stimulated further research into harmonic analysis.Mathematician Salomon Bochner wrote a pair of landmark books on the subject in the 1930s and 40s. In this volume, originally published in 1955, he adopts a more probabilistic view and emphasizes stochastic processes and the interchange of stimuli between probability and analysis. Non-probabilistic topics include Fourier series and integrals in many variables; the Bochner integral; the transforms of Plancherel, Laplace, Poisson, and Mellin; applications to boundary value problems, to Dirichlet series, and to Bessel functions; and the theory of completely monotone functions.The primary significance of this text lies in the last two chapters, which offer a systematic presentation of an original concept developed by the author and partly by LeCam: Bochner's characteristic functional, a Fourier transform on a Euclidean-like space of infinitely many dimensions. The characteristic functional plays a role in stochastic processes similar to its relationship with numerical random variables, and thus constitutes an important part of progress in the theory of stochastic processes.

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Among probability theorists, a bitter controversy has raged for decades between the adherents of John Maynard Keynes' A Treatise on Probability (1921) and those of Richard von Mises' "Grundlagen der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung" (1919). Keynes declared that probabilities measure the extent to which a so-called evidence proposition supports another sentence. Von Mises insisted that they measure the relative frequency with which the members of a so-called reference set belong to another set. Statistical and Inductive Probabilities offers an evenhanded treatment of this issue, asserting that both statistical and inductive probabilities may be treated as sentence-theoretic measurements, and that the latter qualify as estimates of the former.Beginning with a survey of the essentials of sentence theory and of set theory, author Hugues Leblanc examines statistical probabilities (which are allotted to sets by von Mises' followers), showing that statistical probabilities may be passed on to sentences, and thereby qualify as truth-values. Leblanc concludes with an exploration of inductive probabilities (which Keynes' followers allot to sentences), demonstrating their reinterpretation as estimates of truth-values.Each chapter is preceded by a summary of its contents. Illustrations accompany most definitions and theorems, and footnotes elucidate technicalities and bibliographical references.

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Heck's Pictorial Archive of Nature and Science

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Based on J. G. Heck's Bilder Atlas zum Convenations Lexicon, published in German in the nineteenth century, the Iconographic Encyclopaedia of Science, Literature, and Art was a monumental six-volume compilation of illustrations and information, covering an enormous range of subjects, from architecture to zoology. Among its most remarkable features were the thousands of superb steel engravings, comprising one of the most extensive pictorial archives ever published in a single work.The present book, one of three separate and independent volumes based on the rare original American edition of 1851, is devoted to nature and science. Over 170 beautifully reproduced plates contain thousands of illustrations depicting an extraordinary array of subjects: mathematical and geometrical problems; surveying instruments, astronomical maps, and instruments; planetary systems according to Ptolemy, the Egyptians, Copernicus, and others; positions of the planets; botanical illutrations of scores of plants  including seed pods, fruits, and other parts; physical and meteorological illustration demonstrating many laws and principles; numerous types of physical and chemical apparatus; animals, minerals, fossils, geological formations; human anatomy; and many other images. A descriptive table of contents is keyed to numbered illustrations on each plate.Artists, illustrators, and anyone in need of precisely rendered, royalty-free science or nature illustrations will welcome this practically inexhaustible wealth of immediately usable art.

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Mr. Yorick, the sentimental traveller, refrains from the customary reflections on monuments and landscapes. Instead, he focuses on his sweet and affectionate emotions, experiencing them everywhere he goes and with every creature who crosses his path  from bursts of sympathy for a caged bird and an abused donkey, to bonhomie among peasants at dinner and flirtation with women of every social degree. Closer in spirit to a novel than a travelogue, Mr. Yorick's account of his wanderings satirizes conventional travel books, and his comic mishaps along the path to tender emotions are as much a critique of pure sentiment as they are an exploration of human sympathy. Unabridged republication of the classic 1768 edition.

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In this charming comedy of manners, one of Shakespeare's earliest efforts in the genre, a well-intentioned king vows to forego all fleshly delights, setting the stage for romantic hijinks. Ferdinand, the king of Navarre, insists that his court join him in a pledge to undertake a strict regimen of study and celibacy. The grudging compliance of three noblemen is sorely tested  as is the king's own resolve  with the arrival of a French princess and a trio of comedy attendants.First performed in 1594, Love's Labour's Lost features such typical Shakespearean elements as lovers in disguise, a witty clown, and an abundance of sparkling repartee. The play's role as a formative work (the plot is thought to be entirely of Shakespeare's invention) makes it of particular interest to students and scholars, and its merry doings and high spirts recommend it to all.

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Often called the father of Greek tragedy, Aeschylus (525456 B.C.) was the earliest and possibly the greatest of the Greek tragic poets. Altogether he may have written as many as 90 plays (including satyr plays as well as tragedies), but only seven have survived.The Seven Against Thebes (first produced in 467 B.C.) was the final play in a trilogy (the other two are lost) dramatizing the well-known legend of Laius and his son Oedipus. In this culminating play, Oedipus is dead after his banishment from Thebes, and his two sons vie for the crown. The victor, Eteocles, expels his brother, Polynices, who flees to Argos and recruits a force of seven champions to lead an assault on Thebes. The tragic outcome is the fulfillment of the curse of Oedipus  that his sons should divide their inheritance with the sword.Although Sophocles' treatment of the Oedipus legend is better known, the dialogue and imagery in Aeschylus's play retain an immediacy that resonates with modern readers and audiences. The result is a deeply moving theatrical milestone that is essential reading for students of literature, drama, and the classics.

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1,100 Designs and Motifs from Historic Sources

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Well-known in the Victorian art world for his award-winning ornamental designs, John Leighton decided to provide contemporary artists and artisans with a rich sourcebook of ideas and inspiration to use in developing their own designs. Entitled Suggestions in Design, the book featured an enormous array of designs and motifs from many cultures and times. The present volume contains all 102 plates from that rare 19th-century compilation. Included are more than 1,100 motifs painstakingly adapted from a host of design traditions: primitive tribal art and pottery; Egyptian sculpture and painting; Assyrian wall sculptures and carved ivory; Greek sculpture and terra-cotta vases; Etruscan painting, bronzework, and jewelry; Pompeian architectural details and mosaics; designs from Chinese, Japanese, Indian, Persian, Moorish, French Renaissance, and other sources. Careful reworkings rather than exact copies of original designs, these motifs were meant to guide users in creating their own versions of decorative ornament.Reproduced from a valuable original printed in 1881, this book includes detailed descriptions of the plates. It represents a highly useful source of beautifully rendered, copyright-free images that will be welcomed by artists, illustrators, craftworkers, and countless enthusiasts of the decorative arts.

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Classic examination of the historical development of Egyptian decorative art, including the writing of hieroglyphs and the origin of patterns. Over 200 carefully drawn figures illustrate spirals, feathers, rosettes, lotus blossoms, basket work, cornices, gods and goddeses, scarabs, and more. Invaluable to students of fine art, art history, and the decorative arts.

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Originally prepared for the Office of Naval Research, this important monograph introduces various methods for the asymptotic evaluation of integrals containing a large parameter, and solutions of ordinary linear differential equations by means of asymptotic expansions. Author's preface. Bibliography.

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How to Paint and Draw Plants and Animals

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The thrill of recapturing scenes from nature can translate into a rewarding career or an invigorating pastime. Both professionals and hobbyists will benefit from this expert, step-by-step guide, which shows how to draw every aspect of nature, from lush swampland vegetation to shy forest dwellers and even prehistoric creatures. You'll find expert discussions of a variety of media  pencil, watercolors, oils, acrylics, scratch board, and pen-and-ink  along with practical advice on how to choose the best method of portraying a particular subject, especially for book or magazine illustration. The authors also consider the difficulties of combining artistic effect with scientific accuracy in rendering color, texture, and form. Helpful individual demonstration projects carefully guide the reader toward mastery of specific techniques. Enhanced with over 400 illustrations and a wealth of tips and suggestions for improving style and presentation, this book is a rich and engaging resource for amateurs and professionals alike.