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Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Statistics

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A coherent, well-organized look at the basis of quantum statistics computational methods, the determination of the mean values of occupation numbers, the foundations of the statistics of photons and material particles, thermodynamics.

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The Formation of Concepts in Modern Mathematics

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This enlightening survey of mathematical concept formation holds a natural appeal to philosophically minded readers, and no formal training in mathematics is necessary to appreciate its clear exposition of mathematic fundamentals. Rather than a system of theorems with completely developed proofs or examples of applications, readers will encounter a coherent presentation of mathematical ideas that begins with the natural numbers and basic laws of arithmetic and progresses to the problems of the real-number continuum and concepts of the calculus.Contents include examinations of the various types of numbers and a criticism of the extension of numbers; arithmetic, geometry, and the rigorous construction of the theory of integers; the rational numbers, the foundation of the arithmetic of natural numbers, and the rigorous construction of elementary arithmetic. Advanced topics encompass the principle of complete induction; the limit and point of accumulation; operating with sequences and differential quotient; remarkable curves; real numbers and ultrareal numbers; and complex and hypercomplex numbers.In issues of mathematical philosophy, the author explores basic theoretical differences that have been a source of debate among the most prominent scholars and on which contemporary mathematicians remain divided. "With exceptional clarity, but with no evasion of essential ideas, the author outlines the fundamental structure of mathematics."  Carl B. Boyer, Brooklyn College. 27 figures. Index.

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Forty years after its initial publication, this volume continues to rank among the field's most-cited references. One of the largest and finest available collections, the catalog covers general properties of curves and types of derived curves. The curves and the values of their parameters are illustrated by nearly 90 images from a CalComp digital incremental plotter. Suitable for students and researchers in geometry and computer science, the text begins by introducing general properties of curves and types of derived curves. Subsequent chapters apply these properties to conics and polynomials, cubic and quartic curves, algebraic curves of high degree, and transcendental curves. A total of more than 60 special curves are featured, each illustrated with one or more CalComp plots containing curves in up to eight different variants. Indexes provide tables of derived curves, curve names, and a 95-item guide to further reading.

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Modern approach to differential equations presents subject in terms of ideas and concepts rather than special cases and tricks which traditional courses emphasized. No prerequisites needed other than a good calculus course. Certain concepts from linear algebra used throughout. Problem section at end of each chapter.

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Newly updated accessible study covers parametric and non-parametric surfaces, isothermal parameters, Bernsteins theorem, much more, including such recent developments as new work on Plateaus problem and on isoperimetric inequalities. Clear, comprehensive examination provides profound insights into crucial area of pure mathematics. 1986 edition. Index.

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Alchemy, whose beginnings  possibly in Egypt, Babylon, India, or China  are ancient and obscure, remained undocumented until about 2500 BC. Although it may have originated with metallurgy, the practice rapidly developed an association with magic, pharmacy, and astrology. In this richly illustrated and amply researched study, a noted expert traces the long history of alchemy, from its murky start to modern times. Hermes Trismegistus and other famous alchemists appear here, along with discussions of the craft's associations with chicanery (as memorably portrayed in Ben Jonson's 1610 comedy, The Alchemist), and its role in the secret society of Rosicrucians. Additional topics include the alchemist's laboratory and equipment, alchemical symbols and secret alphabets, noteworthy manuscripts, the influence of astrology, and more. Although regarded today as a pseudoscience, alchemy gave rise to scientific chemistry. This volume illustrates the ways in which efforts to transmute metals  such as the search for the ever-elusive philosopher's stone  stimulated experimentation with hitherto untried substances, leading to improved knowledge of the materials vital to applied chemistry. Anyone intrigued by the origins and practices of this age-old and still-mysterious discipline, as well as those interested in the history of chemistry, will appreciate this concise, authoritative study.

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Succinct edition of the influential work, from its observations on the nature and theory of warfare to its outlines of strategic policies: moral force and military virtues, duration and decision of combat, effects of victory and retreat, tactics of offense and defense, planning, and wartime politics.

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Dramas that both entertain and quicken the spirit, these classics are a blend of poetic beauty, intrigue, and rhetoric that have enthralled generations of theatergoers in France and around the world. Each of the authors is a playwright of international repute, whose works nevertheless embody a rigorously French style and tone.From the pathos of Racine to the comic exuberance of Moliere, the landmark dramas span two centuries of French literary history and represent five different genres: the tragicomedy of Corneille's The Cid (1636)/ Racine's tragic Phaedra (1677); the high comedy of Moliere's The Intellectual Ladies (1672); Marivaux's romantic comedy, The Game of Love and Chance (1730); and the conspiratorial comedy of Beaumarchais' The Barber of Seville (1775).Vivid translations by noted scholar Wallace Fowlie are remarkable for their faithfulness to the original text. In addition, Mr. Fowlie precedes each text with a brief historical-critical introduction that defines the importance of the play in the history of the French theater, the literary position of the playwright, and the general meaning of the play. Any student or lover of theater will welcome this treasury of masterpieces from the Golden Age of French drama, newly available in an attractive Dover edition at a reasonable price.

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"A book that easily doubles as reference and a source of reading pleasure. The illustrations are clear and the index is a good guide."  Wisconsin Library Bulletin."How long have trees been growing on earth?" "Will evergreens thrive in a city?" "Should different kinds of trees be planted along the same avenue?" Noted tree expert Rutherford Platt answers these and hundreds of other questions in this informative guide to trees and tree products.Meticulously researched, brimming with fascinating facts, 1001 Questions Answered About Trees offers a highly readable compendium of data about numerous species throughout the world  from the stately American sugar maple, giant sequoia, and towering saguaro cactus to the Scotch pine, Australian eucalyptus, and Middle Eastern date palm.With this book tree lovers will learn how to use such data as age, size, weight, and other features to identify trees; homeowners can find out what to plant and how to deal with tree pests and disease; and tourists can discover trees to look for in certain states. Readers will also find much information on conservation, tree products, famous trees, wood chemistry, and papermaking. There's even a selection of poems about trees.Over 100 drawings and 21 photographs by the author illustrate this encyclopedic resource  an indispensable guide for students, conservationists, ecologists, and nature lovers of all ages.

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The distinguished historian Gamaliel Bradford, Jr.--author of Lee, the American and other acclaimed Civil War biographies--offers portraits of eight key leaders of the Confederacy. Bradford's skills at compiling concise profiles are at their finest in these compelling sketches of prominent figures in the Southern Cause.Commanding officers include Joseph E. Johnston, the highest-ranking U.S. Army officer to resign and join the Confederacy; the war's most famous cavalryman, J. E. B. Stuart; Lee's "Old War Horse," James Longstreet, who served from Manassas to Appomattox; P. G. T. Beauregard, winner of the nearly bloodless victory at Fort Sumter; and Rear Admiral Raphael Semmes, so successful in battle that he was charged at the war's end with treason and piracy. Confederate statesmen include U.S. Senator Judah P. Benjamin, appointed by Jefferson Davis as Confederate attorney general, secretary of war, and secretary of state; Vice-President of the Confederate States, Alexander H. Stephens; and Senator Robert Toombs, who evolved from conservative Unionist to ardent secessionist.The book concludes with the "high water mark" of the Confederacy at Gettysburg and examines the effects of that momentous battle. Previously available only in expensive, hard-to-find editions, this volume is a rare find for Civil War buffs.

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Slave Insurrections in the United States, 1800-1865

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Accounts of slave uprisings have been a largely neglected phase of American history. News of such events was consistently suppressed in earlier times by masters for fear this information might inspire other slaves to revolt. Sources documenting such events were scarce; locating them and obtaining access to them were tremendous tasks. This objective and fully documented work describes early insurrectionary movements, rebellions at sea, and the Negro's role in the American Revolution. Also discussed in detail are a number of notable uprisings, among them Gabriel Prosser's unsuccessful revolt in 1800; Denmark Vesey's insurrection in 1822; and Nat Turner's rebellion in 1831. Profiles of black leaders and white sympathizers are also recounted, as are insurgencies that occurred during the Civil War.

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Written virtually single-handedly over a seven-year period by a revered dean of English letters, Johnsons Dictionary first appeared in 1755. A remarkable monument to the vigor and variety of our language and to the genius of its author, it served as the standard dictionary for more than 150 years and formed the basis for all subsequent English dictionaries. This modern version reduces the original 2,300 pages of definitions and literary examples to a more manageable length, retaining the verbal pleasure and historical curiosity of the original. It features many entries that can no longer be found in most modern dictionaries, with intriguing definitions and examples of usage in the literature of Johnsons time.

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Samuel Johnson, E. L. McAdam, Milne, George

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Simple diagrams, concise lists of tools, and easy explanations of fundamental techniques will help novice jewelry makers create dozens of beautiful baubles in no time! Using common metals such as silver, copper, iron, and tin, beginners will hone their skills, expand their creative horizons, and make such wonderful, wearable pieces as:BraceletsBroochesNecklacesRingsBarrettesPendantsBucklesCharmsButtonsScarf Holders...and more!  Lavishly illustrated with over 400 detailed line drawings, this remarkable primer guides crafters of all ages step by simple step to jewelry making success--from sawing, piercing, and soldering to producing decorative wire work, polishing, and finishing. It also includes a gallery of gorgeous design motifs to inspire original jewelry designs!

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If you're a graphic artist, crafter, or hobbyist in search of attractive, nature-related images, then this comprehensive collection of handsome designs is just for you. The 850 practical, attention-getting motifs for inventive and bold stencil illustrations offer a broad range of subjects: animals of all types  fish, mammals, amphibians, mollusks, and even dinosaurs; exotic birds, waterfowl, and other avian species; roses, wildflowers, and a variety of garden florals shown as single blossoms and in bouquets and sprays; and many other popular designs.A rich source of inspiration for use in countless art and craft projects, these professionally rendered illustrations  easily reduced or enlarged to suit any decorative need  also make ideal spot illustrations in varied graphic assignments.

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An updated version of the classic Renaissance manuals, this handbook is geared toward modern practitioners. It features the best ideas from the early guides, compiled into a contemporary system that makes writing the Italic as simple as possible. With this manual as a guide, both experienced and novice calligraphers can cultivate their natural creativity.

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The motifs include real and mythical animals (pandas, tigers, dragons, deer, horses, etc.), numerous birds, flowers, fruits, butterflies, children performing everyday activities, workers, traditionally dressed men and women, the fictional character known as the Monkey King, ancient bronze ceremonial vessels, the Great Wall, lanterns, and more.In China these cutouts are pasted onto walls, windows, and other parts of houses and onto numerous smaller objects, where they serve both as ornaments and good-luck charms. Some are also used as embroidery patterns.Western artists and craftsmen who have been looking for modern Chinese motifs to use in their own work will find this book to be an excellent selection of these motifs in different subjects. All the designs can be used as is, or rearranged, combined, enlarged, reduced, changed in color, or in any way you wish.

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This volume reprints the celebrated collection of costume plates created in 1694 by noted 17th-century Dutch engraver Caspar Luyken. Executed with remarkable finesse, the superb illustrations depict a wide range of social classes: royalty, courtesans, merchants, laborers, military officers, ladies, gentlemen, soldiers, and a host of other figures representing varied races and countries. (A number of the subjects were drawn in their everyday milieu.) Among the many craftworkers and professionals depicted are a carpenter, mason, tailor, wickerworker, grocer, butcher, astrologer, physician, painter, and musician. This important book will fascinate anyone interested in clothing styles of another era.

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The alchemist and physician known as Paracelsus (14931541) appears to have dwelt in a completely different intellectual world from Sir Isaac Newton (16421727). Newton's work lies in the lofty era of the Enlightenment and the modern world, while that of the enigmatic Paracelsus conjures up the superstitious lore of the Dark Ages. The rise of science and the decline of magic unfolded over many generations, and as this fascinating book shows, there existed remarkable elements of continuity between the world views of the early sixteenth and late seventeenth centuries.The essays contained in this volume constitute a slightly modified version of the Eddington Lectures, delivered at Cambridge in the autumn of 1980. In this masterly series of discourses, Charles Webster explores three test cases relating to prophecy, spiritual magic, and demonic magic. Focusing on evidence from Germany at the time of the Reformation and from England during the Restoration, these essays form a more balanced historical perspective on the epistemological shift that occurred between the ages of Paracelsus and Newton. They propose a view of the Scientific Revolution as a diverse phenomenon, the result of a dynamic interplay of forces emanating from many different directions, and all contributing to the process of creativity and change. 20 black-and-white illustrations. Introduction. Notes to each chapter.

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Amusing and informative in its approach to solving mathematical bafflers, this treasury of theories, games, puzzles and oddities of all kinds, compiled by one of the world's best card players (Jacoby) and an expert in mathematical recreations (Benson) will delight and fascinate math enthusiasts.Although primarily intended to entertain, the wide variety of puzzles  ranging from facile curiosities to very difficult intellectual exercises  will challenge you to keep your mind going full steam. Each of the book's five sections  "Fun with Numbers," "Fun with Letters," "The Odds: Explorations in Probability," "Where Inference and Reasoning Reign" and "The Answers Are Whole Numbers"  is made up of approximately 30 problems, with solutions grouped at the end of each section. Math buffs will love testing their puzzle-solving skills on such challenging brainteasers as The Enterprising Snail, Mrs. Crabbe and the Bacon, The Fly and the Bicycles, The Lovesick Cockroaches, The Three Prisoners, Girls Should Live in Brooklyn, Who Was Executed?, Creaker vs. Roadhog, The Crossed Ladders, The Ancient Order of the Greens, and many more.Few of these problems require any advanced mathematical knowledge or prowess. You'll find that simply keeping your wits about you and your logical skills honed are all you need to enjoy a delightful and thought-provoking adventure in recreational mathematics. Foreword. 10 illustrations. 14 tables.

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Designed as a quick and easy reference tool, this thesaurus of scripture classifies sacred texts from the King James Version of both the Old and New Testaments by topic. Arranged alphabetically by subject, the quotes appear under headings ranging from ability, courage, and fidelity to sorrow, temptation, and zeal.