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Penguins jumping off a cliff, economic forecasters and financial advisors speculating against a currency, and farmers using traditional methods in India are all practising social learning. Such learning from the behavior of others may and does lead to herds, crashes, and booms. These issues have become, over the last ten years, an exciting field of research in theoretical and applied economics, finance, and in other social sciences. This book provides both an informal introduction and in-depth insights into the subject. Each chapter is devoted to a separate issue: individuals learn from the observations of actions, the outcomes of these actions, and from what others say. They may delay or make an immediate decision; they may compete against others or gain from cooperation; they make decisions about investment, crop choices, and financial investments. The book highlights the similarities and the differences between the various cases.

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Images of fluids in motion have served both scientific and artistic purposes at least since the time of Leonardo de Vinci over 500 years ago. The visualization of fluid flow has played a major role in the development of fluid dynamics and its technological and scientific applications, from the evolution of flight to the tracking of weather to understanding the flow of blood. Today, the Division of Fluid Dynamics of the American Physical Society annually sponsors a competition for outstanding images of fluid flow, judged by their artistic beauty and novelty and their contribution to the better understanding of fluid dynamics. This Gallery is a selection of the images that have won the competition over the last seventeen years. Each image is accompanied by some explanatory text, aimed at making the collection an attractive and essential work for everyone interested in the art and science of fluid flow.

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M. Samimy, K. S. Breuer, L. G. Leal, P. H. Steen

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Applications in Energy and the Environment

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This book presents fifteen cases of technology applications in the energy and environment sectors, including solar, wind, fuel cell, nuclear, coal combustion and emission control technologies. The case studies demonstrate the importance of an interdisciplinary approach, integrating technical and non-technical aspects of the problem. They also introduce a toolbox of analytical techniques useful in the context of realistic technology application. These techniques include energy and mass balances, project financial analysis tools, treatment of external costs and benefits, probabilistic risk assessment, learning curves, regression analysis, and life cycle costing. Each case study presents a description of the relevant technology at a level accessible to anyone familiar with elementary concepts in basic science and engineering. The book is addressed to upper-level undergraduate students in the natural sciences, engineering and the social sciences who are interested in learning about problems of technology application, as well as technology practitioners in industry and government.

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Social Interaction and Learning in Adolescence and Youth

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Joining Society asks precise questions: To what are the young socialized? Which skills, modes of thinking or action are required from them and what are their developmental value? Socialization tends to be viewed within the confines of a particular geographical or cultural situation. The multi-national list of contributors brings an international perspective to the problem of socialization to work and to adult life, while at the same time emphasizing the common issues that face youth around the world. Some of the topics addressed are the rules and roles involved in socialization, attaining personal agency through collective activity, use of new technologies, and the role of intergenerational relationships. This book sheds new light on the processes through which society may hope to intervene in positive ways with today's youth.

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Anne-Nelly Perret-Clermont, Clotilde Pontecorvo, Lauren B. Resnick, Tania Zittoun, Barbara Burge

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Halperin traces the persistence of traditional class structures during the development of industrial capitalism in Europe, and the way in which these structures shaped states and state behavior and generated conflict. She documents European conflicts between 1789 and 1914, including small and medium scale conflicts often ignored by researchers and links these conflicts to structures characteristic of industrial capitalist development in Europe before 1945. This book revisits the historical terrain of Karl Polanyi's The Great Transformation (1944), however, it argues that Polanyi's analysis is, in important ways, inaccurate and misleading. Ultimately, the book shows how and why the conflicts both culminated in the world wars and brought about a 'great transformation' in Europe. Its account of this period challenges not only Polanyi's analysis, but a variety of influential perspectives on nationalism, development, conflict, international systems change, and globalization.

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As ravagers of crops and carriers of diseases affecting plants, humans and animals, insects present a challenge to a growing human population. In Pest and Vector Control, first published in 2004, Professors van Emden and Service describe the available options for meeting this challenge, discussing their relative advantages, disadvantages and future potential. Methods such as chemical and biological control, host tolerance and resistance are discussed integrating (often for the first time) information and experience from the agricultural and medical/veterinary fields. Chemical control is seen as a major component of insect control, both now and in the future, but this is balanced with an extensive account of associated problems, especially the development of pesticide-tolerant populations.

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Robben Island and Prisoner Resistance to Apartheid

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Robben Island prison in South Africa held thousands of black political prisoners, including Nelson Mandela, who opposed apartheid. This book reconstructs the inmates' resistance strategies to show how these men created a political and social order behind bars. Survival was their first goal; challenging apartheid was their true aim. So although Robben Island was designed to repress, it was continually transformed by its political inmates into a site of resistance. The book theorizes that, where material conditions permit, the most far-reaching and effective forms of resistance involve constructive political action which seeks to remake existing power relationships. This theory is demonstrated in three focuses of the book: the activism of Robben Islanders, the effects of political prisoner resistance on the apartheid state machinery, and in comparative cases which illustrate various international instances of political prisoners shaping both prisons and political orders.

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Witchcraft, Sorcery, Rumors, and Gossip combines two classic topics in social anthropology in a new synthesis: the study of witchcraft and sorcery and the study of rumours and gossip. It shows how rumour and gossip are invariably important as catalysts for accusations of witchcraft and sorcery, and demonstrates the role of rumour and gossip in the genesis of social and political violence, as in the case of both peasant rebellions and witch-hunts. Examples supporting the argument are drawn from Africa, Europe, India, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia. They include discussions of witchcraft trials in Essex, England in the seventeenth century, witch-hunts and vampire narratives in colonial and contemporary Africa, millenarian movements in New Guinea, the Indian Mutiny in nineteenth-century Uttar Pradesh, and rumours of construction sacrifice in Indonesia.

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Tracheostomy: A Multi-Professional Handbook is written by a multidisciplinary team of authors to give a unique perspective of this increasingly widely-used technique and which will support research-based care and management and deliver patient-focused rehabilitation. It covers everything from the basics of tracheostomy, through the indications for tracheostomy and all aspects of pre-, peri- and postoperative care of the patient. The latter forms a large part of the book, and focuses on issues of importance to a broad spectrum of healthcare professionals, such as how patient communication is affected by the technique and how optimum wound care during tracheostomy is best achieved, as well as the practical aspects and problems encountered with speech, swallowing and general rehabilitation, nutrition, weaning and decannulation, long-term tracheostomy, tracheostomy in children, and an important chapter on emergency tracheostomy techniques.

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Undergraduate medical education is continuously changing to meet the requirements for the training of future medical practitioners. Over the last few years the concept of perioperative medicine has evolved, encompassing the preoperative assessment and optimisation of patients, the intraoperative and postoperative management of these patients and importantly the diagnosis and treatment of the critically ill patient. The relevance of this to undergraduate medical students is obvious. Core Topics in Perioperative Medicine provides concise, informative chapters on many aspects of perioperative medicine, allowing medical students to bridge the gap between final year clinical attachments in this specialty, and first year house officer jobs. It aims to guide the reader through the perioperative period via short, up-to-date chapters, each giving a comprehensive account of the subject and its relevance to perioperative medicine.

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Jonathan Hudsmith, Dan Wheeler, Arun Gupta

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This is an essential handbook for all those involved in the care of critically ill children. It covers all of the key aspects of paediatric intensive care and also features a comprehensive 'list' of drugs commonly used in paediatric anaesthesia and intensive care, including those used for premedication, anaesthesia, local anaesthesia, analgesia, cardiac anaesthesia, antibiotics, emergency and resuscitation drugs, inotropes, 'new' drugs (e.g. calcium infusions, epoprostenal).

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In this accessible critical introduction to Dante's Divine Comedy Robin Kirkpatrick principally focuses on Dante as a poet and storyteller. He addresses important questions such as Dante's attitude towards Virgil, and demonstrates how an early work such as the Vita nuova is a principal source of the literary achievement of the Comedy. His detailed reading reveals how the great narrative poem explores the relationship that Dante believed to exist between God as creator of the universe and the human being as a creature of God. In addition, Kirkpatrick takes due account of the historical and philosophical dimensions of the poem.

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Contention and Democracy in Europe, 16502000

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Contention and Democracy in Europe, 16502000, first published in 2004, is an analysis of the relationship between democratization and contentious politics that builds upon the model set forth in the pathbreaking book, Dynamics of Contention. Using a sustained comparison of French and British histories since 1650 or so as a springboard for more general comparison within Europe Contention and Democracy goes on to demonstrate that democratization occurred as  result of struggles during which (as in 19th century Britain and France) few, if any, of the participants were self-consciously trying to create democratic institutions. Consequently, circumstances for democratization vary from era to era, region to region as functions of previous history, international environments, available models of political organization, and predominant patterns of social relations.

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This volume is a distinctive critical introduction to Homer's Iliad, the earliest epic poem, and the earliest known work of literature in ancient Greece. Michael Silk deals with the poem's historical context, its composition and its extensive influence, and relates its literary power to the peculiar coherence and inter-relation of such aspects of the poem as its style, character-portrayal and ideology. Through use of quotation from the original and accompanying English translation, close attention is paid to the distinctive texture of Homeric poetry. This revised edition takes account of recent scholarship in the field and includes a comprehensive updated guide to further reading. It is essential reading for students of literature and classics.

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Globalization and State Transformation in China

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Globalization has thrown up challenges and opportunities which all countries have to grapple with. In his 2004 book, Yongnian Zheng explores how China's leaders have embraced global capitalism and market-oriented modernization. He shows that with reform measures properly implemented, the nation-state can not only survive globalization, but can actually be revitalized through outside influence. To adapt to the globalized age, Chinese leaders have encouraged individual enterprise and the development of the entrepreneurial class. The state bureaucratic system and other important economic institutions have been restructured to accommodate a globalized market economy. In rebuilding the economic system in this way, Zheng observes that Chinese leaders have been open to the importation of Western ideas. By contrast, the same leaders are reluctant to import Western concepts of democracy and the rule of law. The author argues that, ultimately, this selectivity will impede China's progress in becoming a modern nation state.

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This volume brings together a number of the foremost scholars - anthropologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, and historians - studying schizophrenia, its subjective dimensions, and the cultural processes through which these are experienced. Based on research undertaken in Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Canada, Colombia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, the United States and Zanzibar, it also incorporates a critical analysis of World Health Organization cross-cultural findings. Contributors share an interest in subjective and interpretive aspects of illness, but all work with a concept of schizophrenia that addresses its biological dimensions. The volume is of interest to scholars in the social and human sciences for the theoretical attention given to the relationship between culture and subjectivity. Multidisciplinary in design, it is written in a style accessible to a diverse readership, including undergraduate students. It is of practical relevance not only to psychiatrists, but also to all mental health professionals.

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Janis Hunter Jenkins, Robert John Barrett

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The decades between 1670 and 1730 were the most formative in the history of the French colonies in the Americas. A sufficient number of migrants arrived from France and Africa to create settlements, establish economies of production, develop networks of exchange and trade, and adapt institutions of government and law to give substance and form to their resulting societies. Elusive Empire was the first full account of how during these years French settlers came to the Americas. It examines how they and thousands of African slaves together with Amerindians constructed settlements and produced and traded commodities for export. Bringing together much evidence, the author explores how the newly constructed societies and new economies, without precedent in France, interacted with the growing international violence in the Atlantic world in order to present a fresh perspective of the multifarious French colonizing experience in the Americas.

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Stress, Defect Formation and Surface Evolution

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Thin film mechanical behavior and stress presents a technological challenge for materials scientists, physicists and engineers. This book provides a comprehensive coverage of the major issues and topics dealing with stress, defect formation, surface evolution and allied effects in thin film materials. Physical phenomena are examined from the continuum down to the sub-microscopic length scales, with the connections between the structure of the material and its behavior described. Theoretical concepts are underpinned by discussions on experimental methodology and observations. Fundamental scientific concepts are embedded through sample calculations, a broad range of case studies with practical applications, thorough referencing, and end of chapter problems. With solutions to problems available on-line, this book will be essential for graduate courses on thin films and the classic reference for researchers in the field.

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For Wireless Communication, Cryptography, and Radar

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This book provides a comprehensive description of the methodologies and the application areas, throughout the range of digital communication, in which individual signals and sets of signals with favorable correlation properties play a central role. The necessary mathematical background is presented to explain how these signals are generated, and to show how they satisfy the appropriate correlation constraints. All the known methods to obtain balanced binary sequences with two-valued autocorrelation, many of them only recently discovered, are presented in depth. The authors treat important application areas including: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) signals, such as those already in widespread use for cell-phone communication, and planned for universal adoption in the various approaches to 'third-generation'(3G) cell-phone use; systems for coded radar and sonar signals; communication signals to minimize mutual interference ('cross-talk') in multi-user environments; and pseudo-random sequence generation for secure authentication and for stream cipher cryptology.

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The neurocutaneous disorders comprise a large group of neurological syndromes that feature skin lesions and often eye lesions, central and peripheral nervous system tumors, brain malformations, mental retardation, psychiatric symptoms, or seizures. Neurocutaneous syndromes have been known for centuries, but recent research into their cellular, biochemical and molecular-genetic basis has pointed to an essential need for a genotypic nosology. In this book, a distinguished team of editors and authors provides an authoritative, illustrated, up-to-the-minute review of the current understanding of phenotype-genotype relationships in these disorders, as well as their recognition, investigation and treatment. It will be essential reading for all neurologists as well as dermatologists, geneticists and pediatricians.