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The book provides a practical guide to computational scientists and engineers to help advance their research by exploiting the superpower of supercomputers with many processors and complex networks. This book focuses on the design and analysis of basic parallel algorithms, the key components for composing larger packages for a wide range of applications.

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TRIBUTE SAVIO L-Y WOO ON HIS 70TH BIRTHD

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This is a compilation of tributes to a gentleman who has impacted the field of biomedical engineering and musculoskeletal science for four decades through his research, his guidance and mentorships, his friendships, and his love for the field, family, and friends. It provides readers with a view of how one man can impact so many.

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Jennifer S Wayne, Zong-ming Li, Chih-hwa Chen, Kirstin Woo

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BIOEVALUATION OF WORLD TRANSPORT NETWORKS

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Slime mould Physarum polycephalum is a monstrous single cell well known for its task-solving abilities  solves computational geometry and logical problems, navigates robots and generates music.The slime mould could also build motorways, highways and expressways. It is used to analyse transport networks of Africa, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, Iberia, Italy, Malaysia, Mexico, The Netherlands, UK and USA. The largest cities are represented by oat flakes and the slime mould is inoculated in a capital. When all oat flakes are covered by the slime mould, the structure of the protoplasmic networks formed are analyzed. In the laboratory experiments and theoretical analyses, intriguing country-specific properties of the motorway networks are uncovered and compared with the man-made and slime mould networks. They are studied as proximity graphs, leading to hierarchies of complexity and bio-rationality of the motorways.The book will inspire novel and original thoughts, paradigms and approaches for re-evaluation of historical findings on the emergence of ancient roads and will help to design future transcontinental pathways. The book is self-contained and does not require any special training or  knowledge. This lavishly illustrated text will be appreciated by readers from all walks of life.

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GROWTH WITH INEQUALITY: AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON ON INCOME DISTRIBUTION

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An International Comparison on Income Distribution

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In the era of globalization and liberalization, the world is enjoying high growth as well as suffering from the ill-effects of unequal distribution of its economic outcomes. The activities of anti-government demonstrations in China and across the world via the Occupy Wall Street Movement highlight that inequality has become an international phenomenon. It is apparent in both poor countries under authoritarianism and rich countries governed by a democratic regime. Thus, inequality has become not only a hurdle to development but also a threat to social and political stability. The spread of the Jasmine Revolution across parts of North Africa and the Arab Spring are illustrative of what can happen under certain circumstances.This book confirms the inconsistencies between high growth and increasing inequality via a series of case studies across 11 countries, numerous regions, and OECD members. Many of the case studies draw upon original household surveys. Our findings indicate the seriousness of income inequality, explore factors that have caused the inequality and analyze their economic and social consequences.The book raises, and deals with, three key questions: (1) Can high growth reduce inequality gradually? (2) Can government intervention be effective in equalizing income distribution? (3) Is the income disparity an engine for, or an obstacle of, high growth?

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In the present treatise progress in topological approach to Hall system physics is reported, including recent achievements in graphene. The homotopy methods of braid groups turn out to be of particular convenience in order to grasp peculiarity of 2D charged systems upon magnetic field resulting in Laughlin correlations. The real progress in understanding of structure and role of composite fermions in Hall system is provided. The crucial significance of carrier mobility apart from interaction in creation of the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) is described and supported by recent graphene experiments. Recent progress in FQHE field including topological insulators and optical lattices was reviewed and commented in terms of braid group approach. The braid group methods are presented from more general point of view including proposition of pure braid group application.

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Janusz Jacak, Ryszard Gonczarek, Lucjan Jacak, Ireneusz Jozwiak

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LOW DIMENSIONAL PHYSICS & GAUGE PRINCIPLES

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This is a collection of articles on fundamental physical principles and methods, the topics ranging from matrix models, random surfaces, quantum dots and rings, to black holes, cosmology and testing of the tiny effects predicted by General Relativity. Among the authors are Sir Roger Penrose and other well-known experts and the articles are addressed to graduate students and researchers. The volume is a Festschrift to a noted physicist and mentor Sergei Matinyan.

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Vahe G Gurzadyan, Ara G Sedrakian, Andreas Klumper

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Providing quality public service is one of the essential functions of a government. In the turbulent time, however, governments worldwide are experiencing a variety of unprecedented challenges to meet citizens' increasing demands and expectations. In China, building a service-oriented government and a harmonious society is central to the 12th Five-Year Plan and challenges the governance philosophies, capacities and competencies of Chinese government at every level. Researchers of Nanyang Centre for Public Administration (NCPA) at Nanyang Technological University systematically examined the concept of service-oriented government in the context of China and developed an assessment scheme to evaluate the performance of building service-oriented government in Chinese cities. Under the auspices of the Lien Foundation in Singapore, based on the assessment scheme, they conducted large-scale telephone surveys of citizens and businesses in 32 major Chinese cities in 2011. This book presents their findings and empirical studies on public service performance, citizen satisfaction, political trust and government transparency based on the data collected from the 2011 Lien project. Moreover, it also includes selected papers presented at the 2012 Lien International Conference on Public Administration in Singapore. Contributed by scholars from Mainland China, the US, Hong Kong and Singapore, these papers discuss various important issues related with building a service-oriented government including public ethical values, the roles of NGO, social accountability, urban integration, performance measurement and emotional labor in public service.

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The aim of this book is to present review articles describing the latest theoretical and experimental developments in the field of cold atoms and molecules. Our hope is that this series will promote research by both highlighting recent breakthroughs and by outlining some of the most promising research directions in the field.

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Kirk W Madison, Yiqiu Wang, Ana Maria Rey, Kai Bongs, Claude Cohen-tannoudji

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DIVERSITIES IN QUANTUM COMPUTATION AND QUANTUM INFORMATION

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This book is a collection of lecture notes and contributions in Summer School on Diversities in Quantum Computation/Information held on 1-5 August, 2010 at U-Community Hotel, Higashi-Osaka, Japan. Lecturers are world class authorities in respective areas in quantum information and quantum computing including physics, mathematics, chemistry and information science. They lectured on cutting-edge research frontiers where they are currently working, including quantum error correction, relativistic quantum information, quantum computing of link polynomials, quantum algorithms, etc. Each lecture note is written in a self-contained manner so that it may be used as a textbook for one semester graduate course or advanced undergraduate course. Contributions report current research subjects also in a self-contained manner. We believe that these articles are accessible to the readers form various disciplines.

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Mikio Nakahara, Yidun Wan, Yoshitaka Sasaki

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ORDER, DISORDER AND CRITICALITY: ADVANCED PROBLEMS OF PHASE TRANSITION THEORY - VOLUME 3

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Advanced Problems of Phase Transition TheoryVolume 3

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This book is the third volume of review papers on advanced problems of phase transitions and critical phenomena, following the success of the first two volumes in 2004 and in 2007. Broadly, the book aims to demonstrate that the phase transition theory, which experienced its golden age during the 70s and 80s, is far from over and there is still a good deal of work to be done, both at the fundamental level and in respect of applications.This volume presents a broad spectrum of problems connected with criticality. It covers its theoretical backgrounds, analytical approaches and numerical simulations to describe criticality in specific systems (ionic fluids, diluted magnets, polymers), as well as phase transitions on complex networks and in the minority game model. As the first two volumes, this book is based on the review lectures that were given in Lviv (Ukraine) at the Ising lectures  a traditional annual workshop on phase transitions and critical phenomena which brings together scientists working in the field with university students and those who are interested in the subject.

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UCLA ANDERSON BUS & INFO TECHNOLOGIES (BIT) PROJECT - 2012

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A Global Study of Business Practice (2012)

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This is the third of a series of research volume of papers from the Business and Information Technologies global research network. The group includes 20 partners from 16 countries, who conduct studies on the impact of new information and communication technologies on business practice, industry structure, and economic change. The book presents a unique longitudinal and cross-sectional view of technology adoption and business practice across a diverse set of countries and economies. It appears that there are some commonalities with respect to patterns of technology adoption , but also significant differences across countries. Furthermore, innovative practices can arise in every country, and have the potential to be applied in other countries. The identical survey carried out in different countries enables benchmarking and accurate comparisons across those markets. It is also extremely broad in its coverage of business practice in terms of functions and performance.

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This book closely examines one relatively small but significant political phenomenon  Suku in Revolutionary China through a matrix of western social theory: Freud, Marcuse, Arendt, and Ricoeur. Suku is the practice of confessing individual suffering in a political context and in a collective public forum. By interpreting Suku from the joint perspectives of political identity and subjective psychological identity, the aim of the book is to postulate a new paradigm for discussing social suffering and collective confession in a political context that represents the radical transformation in China's modern history. This book presents an analysis of the transformation of identity from the traditional to the modern, both for the individual peasant and for the state of China.

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This annual publication provides an overview of the most important developments in global credit markets and the regulatory landscape. It covers theoretical and empirical research on credit ratings and credit risk, and reports on recent findings and evolutions of the Risk Management Institute's Credit Research Initiative. The ultimate objective of this publication is to advance the state of research and development in the critical area of credit risk and rating systems. With a distinctive focus on topics related to credit markets and credit risk, this publication will be useful to finance professionals, policy makers and academics with an interest in credit markets.

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RANK LIVEABILITY WORLD MAJOR CITI (GLCI)

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This unique volume aims to provide a first comprehensive assessment on attributes, conditions and characters which constitute a liveable city. The book posits that the degree of liveability depends on five themes: satisfaction with the freedom from want; satisfaction with the state of the natural environment and its management; satisfaction with freedom from fear; satisfaction with the socio-cultural conditions; and satisfaction with public governance.The authors attempt to be more constructive through performing policy simulations by first identifying relative weaknesses and strengths of 64 global cities across major continents including European, Asian, Middle Eastern, North and South American cities. The book also ranks and simulates 36 Asian cities separately, of which many are emerging third-world cities that are in need of policy guidance.

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Khee Giap Tan, Wing Thye Woo, Kong Yam Tan, Linda Low, Grace Ee Ling Aw

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The main aim of this book is to assess the importance of international rules for foreign direct investment and the major challenges to international harmonization of those rules. Particular attention is paid to the most controversial and contentious issues with the view of appraising the prospects for establishing global rules. The book is divided into three parts; the first part includes papers assessing the role of national and international legislation with further distinction being made between bilateral, regional and multilateral legal frameworks. The second part addresses regulatory issues of technology transfer, labor, environment, subsidies and investment incentives, national security, public services and sovereign wealth funds. The final part looks at the experience of some international fora in addressing these issues and at some theoretical and conceptual problems of rule harmonization. The papers have been written by legal and economic scholars from leading universities.

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SINO-JAPANESE RELATIONS: RIVALS OR PARTNERS IN REGIONAL COOPERATION?

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Rivals or Partners in Regional Cooperation?

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Sino-Japanese relations have been on the mend since Shinzo Abe assumed the Japanese Prime Minister's office in September 2006. His visit to China in October 2006 and the reciprocal visits of Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao in April 2007, and President Hu Jintao in May 2008, facilitated the further thawing of bilateral relations under the framework of mutually beneficial relationship based on common strategic relationship. A substantial number of additional events have indicated the continuation of the positive trend in the strengthening of the bilateral relations.However, several issues continue to obstruct the building of long-term confidence between the two Asian giants. Despite the overall improved relations, there is very little structural thinking about how to move the Sino-Japanese relations to the next level and how to institutionalize security dialogues at the regional and international level.This book provides an overview of the current situation and also gives suggestions on what is needed to move beyond the haphazard level of cooperation in Northeast Asia, especially as the six-party talks seem to have broken down. It focuses on Chinese and Japanese perceptions of the bilateral situation, and the potential of, and need for, multilateral structures in managing the future.

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This book provides a detailed description of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China with respect to both efficiency and income distribution. It demonstrates that state ownership in the form of SOEs does not use resources efficiently, holds a poor record in income distribution, and enjoys unfair advantages while competing with other firms. To illustrate this, the book presents data on how favored policies, monopolistic powers, and subsidies benefit SOEs.This book, with its rich empirical data and information, serves as an authoritative reference for researchers interested in SOEs. It is also a good read for students of social sciences and general public.

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This is the story of a boy raised up in a village in Poland during World War II, with his father deported to concentration camps throughout the war. Some years after he graduated from medical school, he serendipitously entered the then developing field of dialysis, and he eventually embarked on a career-long practice in the field, where he contributed to the development of a number of new inventions and therapeutic methods.The book contains 13 chapters covering the author's childhood, education, and his career-long contributions to the field of nephrology. The book includes inspirational stories of his patients; the struggles he faced in the course of getting his numerous inventions patented; his research work in the 1990s; his work of teaching and consulting; and not the least, his travels to interesting places unrelated to business. The book concludes with an epilogue summarizing his life, as well as his predictions regarding treatment of chronic renal failure in the future.

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The Handbook of Immunological Properties of Engineered Nanomaterials provides a comprehensive overview of the current literature, methodologies, and translational and regulatory considerations in the field of nanoimmunotoxicology. The main subject is the immunological properties of engineered nanomaterials. Focus areas include interactions between engineered nanomaterials and red blood cells, platelets, endothelial cells, professional phagocytes, T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, complement and coagulation systems, and plasma proteins, with discussions on nanoparticle sterility and sterilization. Each chapter presents a broad literature review of the given focus area, describes protocols and resources available to support research in the individual focus areas, highlights challenges, and outlines  unanswered questions and future directions. In addition, the Handbook includes an overview of and serves a guide to the physicochemical characterization of engineered nanomaterials essential to conducting meaningful immunological studies of nanoparticles. Regulations related to immunotoxicity testing of materials prior to their translation into the clinic are also reviewed.The Handbook is written by top experts in the field of nanomedicine, nanotechnology, and translational bionanotechnology, representing academia, government, industry, and consulting organizations, and regulatory agencies. The Handbook is designed to serve as a textbook for students, a practical guide for research laboratories, and an informational resource for scientific consultants, reviewers, and policy makers. It is written such that both experts and beginners will find the information highly useful and applicable.

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LOCALISATION 2011: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SATELITE CONFERENCE...

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The proceedings of Localisation 2011, a satellite conference of the 26th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT26), comprise both invited and contributed papers that discuss the latest progress on localisation phenomena. The main topics include quantum transport in disordered systems (Anderson localisation, effects of interactions on localisation, Anderson-Mott transition, mesoscopics), the superconductor-insulator transition, quantum Hall effects (fractional and integer), topological insulators, graphene, dynamical localisation, heavy fermions (Kondo effect, Kondo lattice, effects of disorder), and many body localisation (spin-glass, Coulomb glass). The volume is also dedicated to Professor Bernard Coqblin, former CNRS Directeur de Recherche and a Honorary Chairman of the AMS-APCTP Conference Localisation 2011, whose contribution to condensed matter theory will always be remembered.