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This book presents data on the optical constants of metal elements (Na, Au, Mg, Hg, Sc, Al, Ti, -Sn, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, La, Th, etc.) semimetal elements (graphite, Sb, etc.), metallic compounds (TiN, VC, TiSi2, CoSi2, etc.) and high-temperature superconducting materials (YBa2Cu3O7-, MgB2, etc.). A complete set of the optical constants are presented in tabular and graphical forms over the entire photon-energy range. They are: the complex dielectric constant (E)=1(E)+i2(E), the complex refractive index n*(E)=n(E)+ik(E), the absorption coefficient (E) and the normal-incidence reflectivity R(E). The book will aid many who are interested to know the optical constants of the metals, semimetals, metallic compounds and high-temperature superconducting materials in the course of their work.

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SOLID STATE IONICS: IONICS FOR SUSTAINABLE WORLD

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Solid state ionics is a multidisciplinary scientific and industrial field dealing with ionic transport phenomena in solids. In a couple of decades, solid state ionics has become one of the largest disciplines closely related to energy technologies, such as batteries, fuel cells, and so on.So far, a large number of scientists and engineers in Asia as well as in Europe and US are engaged in the research in solid state ionics. In the context of such a situation, the Asian Society for Solid State Ionics was founded in 1986, and a series of academic conferences has been held biennially since 1988. In 2012, the 13th conference is organized in Sendai, Japan.This book provides research papers describing the latest developments and findings in the field of solid state ionics. The selected contributions from prominent researchers in the Asian Society for Solid State Ionics, which are presented at the 13th Asian Conference on Solid State Ionics, can be found. The papers in this book are detailed and suitable to understand recent research trends in solid state ionics, and thus will be a valuable resource for physicists, chemists, and material scientists.br>

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Jun-ichi Kawamura, B V R Chowdari, J Mizusaki, K Amezawa

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INT'L SEMINAR NUCLEAR WAR (44TH SESSION)

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The Role of Science in the Third Millennium

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Proceedings of the 44th Session of the International Seminars on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies held in Erice, Sicily. This seminar has again gathered, in 2011, over one hundred scientists in an interdisciplinary effort that has been going on for the last 31 years, to examine and analyze planetary problems which have been followed up, all year long, by the World Federation of Scientists' Permanent Monitoring Panels.

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GOH KENG SWEE: A LEGACY OF PUBLIC SERVICE

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Dr. Goh Keng Swee's extensive career as a public servant was dynamic as well as distinguished, in many ways decisively instrumental in the making of the Republic of Singapore. This distinctive collection of essays attempts an assessment of the long-term influence and significance of Dr. Goh's major contributions.Envisaged as a companion volume to Goh Keng Swee: A Public Career Remembered, this volume brings together an exceptional team of Singaporean scholars whose interdisciplinary expertise and cross-generational perspectives offer a balanced analysis and nuanced appraisal of Dr. Goh's lifetime of public service. The book's contributors argue that Dr. Goh's past endeavours bequeathed an enduring legacy, meriting fresh examination and careful evaluation in order to appreciate the heroic scale of such achievement.Particularly instructive are the examples of Dr. Goh's thinking patriotism, fiscal prudence, strategic pragmatism, and creative imagination at work  technocracy at its finest  which could be of immediate, practical benefit to a wider nation of technocrats. Further illumination comes from the insights of those contributors who had worked with the former Deputy Prime Minister and knew him personally. For a half-century that witnessed key turning points and phases of development in Singapore's transformation from colonial port city to independent global city, Dr. Goh played a leading role in the crafting and conduct of public policy, as with the creation of public institutions, which made the difference between survival and success. The organization of this volume reflects both a thematic approach and a chronological arrangement of material, the focus and the order of chapters corresponding to the historical sequence of public offices that Dr. Goh held: social welfare; political and constitutional evolution; development economics and finance; the armed forces and defence industry; the education system, from schools through higher education to the research institutes; Chinese studies, from Confucianism to China watching; and cultural development, with special emphasis on the creation of the Singapore Symphony Orchestra.Goh Keng Swee: A Legacy of Public Service will be read by present and future generations of public servants, by Singaporeans in general, and by all students and laypersons with an interest in the modern history of Singapore  social, economic, political, military, and cultural  to which a characteristically simple and frugal Dr. Goh contributed both decisively and unreservedly.

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Emrys Myles Khean Aun Chew, Chong Guan Kwa

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Translated from Russian by Vitaly KisinThis little book concentrates on the foundations of modern physics (its 'ABC's') and its most fundamental constants: c  the velocity of light and   the quantum of action.First of all, the book is addressed to professional physicists, but in order to achieve maximal concentration and clarity it uses the simplest (high school) mathematics. As a result many pages of the book will be useful to college students and may appeal to a more general audience.

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Prison Reform in Singapore: 1999 to 2007

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This book tells a story of successful prison reform that brought the recidivism rate of prisoners down from 44% to 24%. In the process of this reform, the entire Prison Service was transformed from a custody focused mindset to a rehabilitation centred culture. This change was wrought despite the lack of enthusiasm of the then political leadership.The author describes his personal role in the reform effort, the methodology used to engender change in organizational culture and the struggles for the soul of the prison service and the hearts and minds of all those involved. These include organizations involved in the aftercare of ex-offenders, volunteers who came forward to assist in the efforts and the families and employers of offenders and ex-offenders. The journey ends with the Yellow Ribbon Project that now embodies the rehabilitative efforts for ex-offenders.The Making of Captains of Lives is a personal account of a public sector leader who has helped built a highly efficient prison system in Singapore, providing a strong case study for successful change management and public sector leadership. It will encourage the hearts of all those civil servants who believe in serving their nations and societies by devoting themselves to a worthy cause in their day-to-day work.

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Over the past decade, innovative technologies have resulted in an extensive growth of new services. Each new service requires a number of management and marketing decisions to be made well in advance of its launch and throughout its entire life cycle. This book develops mathematical models to facilitate decision-making dealing with technologically innovative services. Specifically, it develops (i) models for optimal pricing strategies of subscription services on monopolistic and duopolistic markets; (ii) an analytical model for optimal investment and optimal pricing strategies for innovative maintenance service contracts; and (iii) a model for targeting customers in marketing campaigns. In addition, the models (i)-(iii) can also be used to forecast an aggregate demand for a new service as well as the service demand for each individual customer.

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Significant progress in engineering has allowed the production of devices that can optically detect, differentiate and treat surface or near-surface cancers. The ability to differentiate cancerous from non-cancerous tissue in vitro using light represents a potentially significant advance in patient care, eliminating needless repeat procedures. With the help of advanced optical technologies, clinicians are able to identify cancers earlier, determine surgical margins at the time of surgery, and monitor treatment results without using expensive and insensitive imaging.This volume describes the state-of-the-art optical detection technologies in varying stages of cancer development. Written by an international panel of basic researchers, engineers and clinicians, the book is designed to give an up-to-date overview of the most recent advances for researchers and medical professionals who are interested in the biophotonic detection of cancer.

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The Past and Present of Tekong Island in Singapore

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Chen Poh Seng's great grandfather lived in Pulau Tekong, his 50-over cousins were born and educated there. He lived in Changi Point which is 30 minutes away by ferry.Lee Leong Sze is a Malaysian, graduated from the Department of History, National Chong Hsing University, Taiwan, obtained PhD in Singapore. Two researchers met in August 2005. They shared the same interest in studying the history of Pulau Tekong. During the study, they had full support and encouragement from former residents.The book describes how Pulau Tekong Island developed during the early 20th  century. It describes where the ethnic groups came from, how they settled down, worked and lived together, and the relationship among different ethnic groups, like the Malay and Chinese (including Hakka and Chouchouese) over the years. Finally, the book finds out how and why the villages vanished. The final chapter outlines the outstanding citizens from Pulau Tekong and reviews how they merged with the main stream of Singapore society after leaving the offshore island.

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The aim of this book is to give as detailed a description as is possible of one of the most beautiful and complicated examples in low-dimensional topology. This example is a gateway to a new idea of higher dimensional algebra in which diagrams replace algebraic expressions and relationships between diagrams represent algebraic relations. The reader may examine the changes in the illustrations in a leisurely fashion; or with scrutiny, the reader will become familiar and develop a facility for these diagrammatic computations.The text describes the essential topological ideas through metaphors that are experienced in everyday life: shadows, the human form, the intersections between walls, and the creases in a shirt or a pair of trousers. Mathematically informed reader will benefit from the informal introduction of ideas. This volume will also appeal to scientifically literate individuals who appreciate mathematical beauty.

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Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Data Analysis in Astronomy Livio Scarsi and Vito DiGesu

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The book gathers articles that were exposed during the seventh edition of the Workshop Data Analysis in Astronomy. It illustrates a current trend to search for common expressions or models transcending usual disciplines, possibly associated with some lack in the Mathematics required to model complex systems. In that, data analysis would be at the epicentre and a key facilitator of some current integrative phase of Science.It is all devoted to the question of representation in Science, whence its name, IMAGe IN AcTION, and main thrustsSuch a classification makes concepts as complexity or dynamics appear like transverse notions: a measure among others or a dimensional feature among others.Part A broadly discusses a dialogue between experiments and information, be information extracted-from or brought-to experiments. The concept is fundamental in statistics and tailors to the emergence of collective behaviours. Communication then asks for uncertainty considerations  noise, indeterminacy or approximation  and its wider impact on the couple perception-action. Clustering being all about uncertainty handling, data set representation appears not to be the only solution: Introducing hierarchies with adapted metrics, a priori pre-improving the data resolution are other methods in need of evaluation. The technology together with increasing semantics enables to involve synthetic data as simulation results for the multiplication of sources.Part B plays with another couple important for complex systems: state vs. transition. State-first descriptions would characterize physics, while transition-first would fit biology. That could stem from life producing dynamical systems in essence. Uncertainty joining causality here, geometry can bring answers: stable patterns in the state space involve constraints from some dynamics consistency. Stable patterns of activity characterize biological systems too. In the living world, the complexity  i.e. a global measure on both states and transitions  increases with consciousness: this might be a principle of evolution. Beside geometry or measures, operators and topology have supporters for reporting on dynamical systems. Eventually targeting universality, the category theory of topological thermodynamics is proposed as a foundation of dynamical system understanding.Part C details examples of actual data-system relations in regards to explicit applications and experiments. It shows how pure computer display and animation techniques link models and representations to reality in some concrete virtual, manner. Such techniques are inspired from artificial life, with no connection to physical, biological or physiological phenomena! The Virtual Observatory is the second illustration of the evidence that simulation helps Science not only in giving access to more flexible parameter variability, but also due to the associated data and method storing-capabilities. It fosters interoperability, statistics on bulky corpuses, efficient data mining possibly through the web etc. in short a reuse of resources in general, including novel ideas and competencies. Other examples deal more classically with inverse modelling and reconstruction, involving Bayesian techniques or chaos but also fractal and symmetry.

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This unique work looks at the relationship between psychopathology and world politics. What happens when the brain/mind ceases to function properly? How does this impinge on world affairs? What is to be done, for example, when a leader ceases to act in a seemingly sane fashion and yet still commands the loyalty of those who maintain him or her in office? What is to be done when a leader's advisers seem rational but are clearly not? Indeed, what is to be done when a whole society goes insane? This is to raise more questions than a single work can adequately answer.In lieu of a comprehensive account, which would be beyond the scope of one study, what this book does is first describe psychopathology in general terms and its relationship to world affairs. It then looks at denial in particular and at speaking the truth as a potentially therapeutic antidote, especially in relation to nuclear weapons. It follows this by looking at delusion in general and at what being in touch with reality might entail with regard to a so-called failed state. With topics ranging from Hitler's mental health to the continuing threat of nuclear Armageddon, this book is a valuable contribution to the field of international politics and modern psychology, and will hopefully lead to a better understanding of contemporary world affairs and the global issue of conflict resolution.

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Over the last ten years, the financing and diversity of new players in global health have increased significantly. Ten years ago it would have been difficult to predict some of these changes  Bill Gates programming global health rather than software; NGOs formally governing a US$20 billion health fund; WHO convening a range of partnerships; financial markets launching bonds to support vaccines. This volume assesses the range of innovative partnerships which are now near the heart of health diplomacy. It then describes the negotiations to integrate new players into development, which has changed health governance at global and country level. The chapters represent unique and concrete perspectives on these issues  from activists, private sector, country ministers of health, district health workers, multilaterals and those working in these partnerships  from the global right down to the community level.

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'... These volumes provide the very latest in this critical technology and are an invaluable resource for scientists in both academia and industry concerned with the semiconductor future and all of science.'Foreword by Leonard C Feldman (Director Institute for Advanced Materials, Devices and Nanotechnology, Rutgers University, USA)HighlightsAs we delve more deeply into the physics and chemistry of functional materials and processes, we are inexorably driven to the nanoscale. And nowhere is the development of instrumentation and associated techniques more important to scientific progress than in the area of nanoscience. The dramatic expansion of efforts to peer into nanoscale materials and processes has made it critical to capture and summarize the cutting-edge instrumentation and techniques that have become indispensable for scientific investigation in this arena. This Handbook is a key resource developed for scientists, engineers and advanced graduate students in which eminent scientists present the forefront of instrumentation and techniques for the study of structural, optical and electronic properties of semiconductor nanostructures.

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Richard A Haight, Frances M Ross, James B Hannon

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GLOBALIZATION AND LOCALIZATION: THE CHINESE PERSPECTIVE

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The aim of this book is to provide the international readership a collection of articles authored by Chinese scholars on the subject of globalization and localization. In a world where no country is an island isolated from others, globalization is bound to be contested, debated, and de- and re-constructed at different levels across the international community. For this very reason, it is important to present this concept as developed, interpreted and discussed by the Chinese community.The scope of book is broad, ranging from theoretical reflection to more concrete opinions given by the Chinese academic community, and finally to case studies on globalization and localization. It includes eleven articles by leading Chinese scholars in the past decades.

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ADOLESCENT MEDICINE TODAY: A GUIDE TO CARING FOR THE ADOLESCENT PATIENT

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A Guide to Caring for the Adolescent Patient

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Filled with short, succinct chapters written by experts in the field of Adolescent Medicine, this handbook covers the major health issues that practicing clinicians regularly encounter in the care of teens and young adults. From menstrual concerns and sexually transmitted infections, anxiety disorders and depression, to eating disorders and common sports medicine concerns, this book is an ideal reference guide for busy clinical practices. Students, residents, and established clinicians alike will find the Adolescent Pearls section of each chapter particularly useful.

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NANOSTRUCTURED TITANIUM DIOXIDE MATERIALS: PROPERTIES, PREPARATION AND APPLICATIONS

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During the past decade, research and development in the area of synthesis and applications of different nanostructured titanium dioxide have become tremendous. This book briefly describes properties, production, modification and applications of nanostructured titanium dioxide focusing in particular on photocatalytic activity. The physicochemical properties of nanostructured titanium dioxide are highlighted and the links between properties and applications are emphasized. The preparation of TiO2 nanomaterials, including nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires, nanosheets, nanofibers, and nanotubes are primarily categorized by their preparation method (sol-gel and hydrothermal processes). Examples of early applications of nanostructured titanium dioxide in dye-sensitized solar cells, hydrogen production and storage, sensors, rechargeable batteries, electrocatalysis, self-cleaning and antibacterial surfaces and photocatalytic cancer treatment are reviewed. The review of modifications of TiO2 nanomaterials is mainly focused on the research related to the modifications of the optical properties of TiO2 nanomaterials, since many applications of TiO2 nanomaterials are closely related to their optical properties. Photocatalytic removal of various pollutants using pure TiO2 nanomaterials, TiO2-based nanoclays and non-metal doped nanostructured TiO2 are also discussed.

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Clear the Air for the Health of Your Child

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At some point during childhood, 80 to 90% of all children have a breathing problem. Take a Deep Breath is a comprehensive, accessible, and indispensible guide for parents, caregivers, teachers, and healthcare providers on the subject of children's breathing issues.From the uppermost part of the airway  the nose, to the lowermost part  the lungs, Dr Nina Shapiro explains which problems are truly worrisome, and which are actually normal stages in a child's growth. Take a Deep Breath will enable you to do just that, take a deep breath, and get a better, clearer understanding of what's going on when a child breathes in and out.

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This book is a collection of papers presented in the conference held at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago in September 2010, that examines the role of macroprudential regulation in the financial industry. Shocked by the experience of the last few years, many argue that the more traditional microprudential regulatory tools are inadequate to create a safe and stable financial system. The microprudential paradigm relies on the presumption that the financial system as a whole can be made safe by ensuring individual financial institutions are made safe. This ignores interconnections and externalities, whereby the actions of one financial institution or events in financial markets can lead to spillover effects that adversely affect general market conditions, other financial institutions, and ultimately the economy as a whole. Instead, it is argued, there is a need for both microprudential approaches to regulate individual institutions and macroprudential approaches to manage the overall financial system risks.Conference participants discussed macroprudential regulation and related issues, including: What are the theoretical motivations for macroprudential regulation?  How would it interact with other regulatory and macroeconomic policies, especially monetary policy? What would be the specific macroprudential tools? Who should have control over the macroprudential tools? How should a macroprudential regulator be structured? Where should it be housed? How can macroprudential policies be structured across national borders? What role, if any, can market discipline play in supporting macroprudential objectives?Concentrating on public policy issues, the conference featured keynote addresses by influential past and present public policy figures including: Paul Volcker, Chairman of the US President's Economic Recovery Advisory Board and former Chairman of the Federal Reserve System; Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, Chairman, Promontory Financial Group Europe and Former Chairman of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision; Jaime Caruana, General Manager of the Bank for International Settlements and Former Chairman of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision; and Charles Taylor, Director of the Pew Charitable Trust Financial Reform Project and Former Executive Director of the Group of Thirty.

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Douglas D Evanoff, George G Kaufman, Stijn Claessens, Laura E Kodres

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INSIGHTS FOR MANAGERS FROM CONFUCIUS TO GANDHI

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This unique book brings together thoughts of great men and women, not found elsewhere as a complete set, that hold special interest for managers. The ideas contained within are universal and apply to all aspects of civilization; as such, they are relevant to both work and life.The book also provides prime examples of how influential thinkers use language to effectively convey their arguments and intentions  an arguably invaluable tool for modern managers. It serves as a source of indispensable advice for business professionals and the general public.