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This volume is based on the talks given at the Workshop on Infinity and Truth held at the Institute for Mathematical Sciences, National University of Singapore, from 25 to 29 July 2011. The chapters cover topics in mathematical and philosophical logic that examine various aspects of the foundations of mathematics. The theme of the volume focuses on two basic foundational questions: (i) What is the nature of mathematical truth and how does one resolve questions that are formally unsolvable within the Zermelo-Fraenkel Set Theory with the Axiom of Choice, and (ii) Do the discoveries in mathematics provide evidence favoring one philosophical view over others? These issues are discussed from the vantage point of recent progress in foundational studies.The final chapter features questions proposed by the participants of the Workshop that will drive foundational research. The wide range of topics covered here will be of interest to students, researchers and mathematicians concerned with issues in the foundations of mathematics.

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Chitat Chong, Qi Feng, Theodore A Slaman, W Hugh Woodin

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SCI ESSAY IN HONOR OF H PIERRE NOYES OCCASION OF 90 BIRTHDAY

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This book is a Festschrift for the 90th birthday of the physicist Pierre Noyes. The book is a representative selection of papers on the topics that have been central to the meetings over the last three decades of ANPA, the Alternative Natural Philosophy Association. ANPA was founded by Pierre Noyes and his colleagues the philosopher-linguist-physicist Frederick Parker-Rhodes, the physicist Ted Bastin, and the mathematicians Clive Kilmister, John Amson.Many of the topics in the book center on the combinatorial hierarchy discovered by the originators of ANPA. Other topics explore geometrical, cosmological and biological aspects of those ideas, and foundational aspects related to discrete physics and emergent quantum mechanics.The book will be useful to readers interested in fundamental physics, and particularly to readers looking for new and important viewpoints in Science that contain the seeds of futurity.

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REAL AND STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS: CURRENT TRENDS

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This book presents the current status and research trends in Stochastic Analysis. Several new and emerging research areas are described in detail, highlighting the present outlook in Stochastic Analysis and its impact on abstract analysis. The book focuses on treating problems in areas that serve as a launching pad for continual research.

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ADVANCES IN THE HOMOTOPY ANALYSIS METHOD

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Unlike other analytic techniques, the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) is independent of small/large physical parameters. Besides, it provides great freedom to choose equation type and solution expression of related linear high-order approximation equations. The HAM provides a simple way to guarantee the convergence of solution series. Such uniqueness differentiates the HAM from all other analytic approximation methods. In addition, the HAM can be applied to solve some challenging problems with high nonlinearity.This book, edited by the pioneer and founder of the HAM, describes the current advances of this powerful analytic approximation method for highly nonlinear problems. Coming from different countries and fields of research, the authors of each chapter are top experts in the HAM and its applications.

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MODERN FUNCTIONAL QUANTUM FIELD THEORY: SUMMING FEYNMAN GRAPHS

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These pages offer a simple, analytic, functional approach to non-perturbative QFT, using a frequently overlooked functional representation of Fradkin to explicitly calculate relevant portions of the Schwinger Generating Functional (GF). In QED, this corresponds to summing all Feynman graphs representing virtual photon exchange between charged particles. It is then possible to see, analytically, the cancellation of an infinite number of perturbative, UV logarithmic divergences, leading to an approximate but most reasonable statement of finite charge renormalization.A similar treatment of QCD, with the addition of a long-overlooked but simple rearrangement of the Schwinger GF which displays Manifest Gauge Invariance, is then able to produce a simple, analytic derivation of quark-binding potentials without any approximation of infinite quark masses. A crucial improvement of previous QCD theory takes into account the experimental fact that asymptotic quarks are always found in bound states; and therefore that their transverse coordinates can never be measured, nor specified, exactly. And this change of formalism permits a clear and simple realization of true quark binding, into mesons and nucleons. An extension into the QCD binding of two nucleons into an effective deuteron presents a simple, analytic derivation of nuclear forces.Finally, a new QED-based solution of Vacuum Energy is displayed as a possible candidate for Dark Energy. An obvious generalization to include Inflation, which automatically suggests a model for Dark Matter, is immediately possible; and one more obvious generalization produces an understanding of the origin of the Big Bang, and of the Birth (and Death) of a Universe. If nothing else, this illustrates the Power and the Reach of Quantum Field Theory.

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CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN CHINA

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COMPUTATIONAL MODELS OF COGNITIVE PROCESSES

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Computational Models of Cognitive Processes collects refereed versions of papers presented at the 13th Neural Computation and Psychology Workshop (NCPW13) that took place July 2012, in San Sebastian (Spain). This workshop series is a well-established and unique forum that brings together researchers from such diverse disciplines as artificial intelligence, cognitive science, computer science, neurobiology, philosophy and psychology to discuss their latest work on models of cognitive processes.

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From the participation of researchers in most important international conferences in the field, it is noted that activities in automatic document processing have been continuously growing. This book is an edited volume in Digital Document Processing where the chapters are written by several internationally renowned researchers in the domain. It will be useful for both students and researchers working on various aspects of document image analysis and recognition problems. It contains chapters on topics that are not covered by any textbook, but are more futuristic like Going beyond the Myth of Paperlessness, or interesting application areas like The Role of Document Image Analysis in Trustworthy  Elections as well as Word Recognition for Museum Index Cards with SNT-Grid. Persons developing document analysis software for industry may also find the chapters useful and attractive. The language of the chapters is simple and clear, along with drawings/diagrams wherever necessary. An adequate number of references are given at the end of each chapter. Overall, the book is highly readable and will be an asset to the community. Renowned contributors include George Nagy, Hiromichi Fujisawa, F Kimura, D Lopresti, Chew Lim Tan, S Uchida, Thierry Paquet, Laurent Heutte, V Govindaraju, R Manmatha.

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Bidyut Baran Chaudhuri, Swapan Kumar Parui

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Nanomedicine consists of the use of nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology in medicine. There have been extensive developments in the area of nanomedicine. The scope of this book is first to discuss the origin of nanomedicine. Following this, instead of a general overview of the whole area, 24 chapters on selected topics of important areas are described in detail. Authors are selected from around the world to give a representative and international view of the activities in the area of nanomedicine.

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VECTORIAL OPTICAL FIELDS: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS

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Polarization is a vector nature of light that plays an important role in optical science and engineering. While existing textbook treatments of light assume beams with spatially homogeneous polarization, there is an increasing interest in vectorial optical fields with spatially engineered states of polarization. New effects and phenomena have been predicted and observed for light beams with these unconventional polarization states. This edited review volume aims to provide a comprehensive overview and summarize the latest developments in this important emerging field of optics. This book will cover the fundamentals including mathematical and physical descriptions, experimental generation, manipulation, focusing, propagation, and the applications of the engineered vectorial optical fields in focal field engineering, plasmonic focusing and optical antenna, single molecular imaging, optical tweezers/trapping, as well as optical measurements and instrumentations.

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With Applications to Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science, Engineering, Biology and Medicine

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This is the sixth set of Handbook of Porphyrin Science.This 5-volume set provides a comprehensive review of the most up-to-date research on porphyrin, heme and chlorophyll biochemistry, as well as applications to biomedicine and bio-inspired energy. In-depth coverage of topics along with perspectives on outstanding questions and future research directions by the authors make these volumes an essential resource for both beginning and advanced investigators in the field. It is also suitable for non-experts in porphyrin, who wish to have an overview of the fundamental discoveries and breakthroughs in the porphyrin arena related to medicine and bio-inspired energy.Bringing together the biochemistry of porphyrin-binding proteins and their clinical relevance and applications to medicine and renewable energy, this set provides readers with an integrated coverage of porphyrin biochemistry. At the same time, it challenges readers with new questions and perspectives of research regarding the role of porphyrin biochemistry in the future of medicine and renewable energy.

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New Edition: Market Microstructure in Practice (2nd Edition)Market Microstructure in Practice comments on the consequences of Reg NMS and MiFID on market microstructure. It covers changes in market design, electronic trading, and investor and trader behaviors. The emergence of high frequency trading and critical events like the Flash Crash of 2010 are also analyzed in depth. Edited by Charles-Albert Lehalle and Sophie Laruelle, and with contributions from Romain Burgot, Stephanie Pelin and Matthieu Lasnier, this book uses a quantitative viewpoint to help students, academics, regulators, policy makers, and practitioners understand how an attrition of liquidity and regulatory changes can impact the whole microstructure of financial markets. A mathematical Appendix details the quantitative tools and indicators used throughout the book, allowing the reader to go further on his own.

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SINGAPORE'S NATIONAL WAGES COUNCIL: AN INSIDER'S VIEW

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Written by Emeritus Professor LIM Chong-Yah, Founding Chairman of the tripartite National Wages Council (NWC), this unique volume offers readers an insider's view of the genesis and the evolution of the wage determination mechanism and system in Singapore under the aegis of the NWC. As a tripartite body dealing with wages, wage policies and wage-related matters and promoting Growth with Equity, the NWC played a critical role in transforming industrial relations in Singapore from the then confrontational approach to that of mutual understanding, esprit de corps and social co-partnership. Drawing from his 30-year experience as NWC Chairman (1972-2001), Singapore's eminent Economics Professor shares with readers the important process and problems of seeking equitable wage increases through tripartite consensus based on a yearly national wage guideline system. The book also chronicles the role of the NWC in crisis management in 1974, 1985 and 1998, and in Economic Restructuring, 1979-1981. The structure and operation of this unique Singapore institution and the interesting problems of securing unanimity of support from the three tripartite partners are revealed in the book. Some important NWC personalities and their concerns and unique contributions are interestingly covered, anecdotally.

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The concepts of dark matter and the cosmic web are some of the most significant developments in cosmology in the past century. They have decisively changed the classical cosmological paradigm, which was first elaborated upon during the first half of the 20th century but ran into serious problems in the second half. Today, they are integral parts of modern cosmology, which explains everything from the Big Bang to inflation to the large scale structure of the Universe.Dark Matter and Cosmic Web Story describes the contributions that led to a paradigm shift from the Eastern point of view. It describes the problems with the classical view, the attempts to solve them, the difficulties encountered by those solutions, and the conferences where the merits of the new concepts were debated. Amidst the science, the story of scientific work in a small country occupied by the Soviet Union and the tumultuous events that led to its breakup are detailed as well.This book is accompanied by a website which contains additional material: copies of the originals of some crucial papers, astronomical movies, and movies which showcase the private life of the author.

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ADVANCES IN ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF TIME-DELAYED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

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Analysis and control of time-delayed systems have been applied in a wide range of applications, ranging from mechanical, control, economic, to biological systems. Over the years, there has been a steady stream of interest in time-delayed dynamic systems, this book takes a snap shot of recent research from the world leading experts in analysis and control of dynamic systems with time delay to provide a bird's eye view of its development. The topics covered in this book include solution methods, stability analysis and control of periodic dynamic systems with time delay, bifurcations, stochastic dynamics and control, delayed Hamiltonian systems, uncertain dynamic systems with time delay, and experimental investigations of delayed structural control.

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There is no doubt that nanoscience will be the dominant direction for technology in this century, and that this science will influence our lives to a large extent as well as open completely new perspectives on all scientific and technological disciplines. To be able to produce optimal nanosystems with tailor-made properties, it is necessary to analyze and construct such systems in advance by adequate theoretical and computational methods. Since we work in nanoscience and nanotechnology at the ultimate level, we have to apply the basic laws of physics. What methods and tools are relevant here? The book gives an answer to this question. The background of the theoretical methods and tools is critically discussed, and also the world view on which these physical laws are based.Such a debate is not only of academic interest but is of highly general concern, and this is because we constantly move in nanoscience and nanotechnology between two extreme poles, between infinite life and total destruction. On the one hand, through nanotechnology aging might be soon a fact of the past; on the other hand, in the nano realm uncontrolled processes could lead to a total destruction of the living conditions on the Earth.

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This volume is conceptualised around the notion by Raymond Williams, a cultural theorist, that any cultural system comprises fragments of the past and the emergent alongside the dominant. The book focuses on governance or how a society governs itself across the state, business and civic sectors in Singapore and how it might evolve over the next decade. Its first section looks at how Singapore's political history has shaped today's political institutions and culture and why these might change. Three scenarios of Singapore's political future are proffered. The authors argue how there are and must be nevertheless some fundamental values that underpin Singapore's governance system that are unchanging.In the second section, the authors discuss how the relationship among the key elements of the governance equation have changed to adapt to current conditions, and must continue to change to respond to internal demands and external conditions. The first paper describes how the relationship between government and business, or state and market have adapted to achieve strategic national imperatives but also to ensure that citizens benefit from the most efficient and effective ways of providing important public goods. The second paper argues for institutionalised dissent and policy experimentation as disciplines needed in the public sector to make it innovative and resilient.The third section offers views on emerging trends in political culture and the relationship between the government and civil society, business and other political parties. These are based on findings of an IPS survey, and opinions of civic leaders and a leader of the political opposition in Singapore.The final section comprises an edited transcript of a dialogue session with the Prime Minister of Singapore, Mr Lee Hsien Loong on the same theme of governance.The authors are thought-leaders and political leaders in Singapore.  This book serves as a pathfinder to emerging political trends in the country.

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INCOME INEQUALITY IN OECD COUNTRIES: WHAT ARE THE DRIVERS AND POLICY OPTIONS?

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What are the Drivers and Policy Options?

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This book provides a comprehensive review of income inequality issues in the OECD in a cross-country setting. It presents a wealth of data and analysis on the formation of inequality and identifies groups of countries that share similar inequality patterns. It also reviews developments at the extremes of the income distribution, namely poverty, top incomes as well as the distribution of wealth. An important contribution of the book is the careful examination of the determinants of the income distribution, such as globalisation and technical progress as well as the effect of a wide range of economic policies that shape the distribution of income. These include in particular labour market regulations, household taxes and transfers as well as in-kind public services. It also sheds light on an under-researched issue: do policies aimed at boosting economic growth raise or reduce income inequality?

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Peter Hoeller, Isabelle Joumard, Isabell Koske

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DESIGN AND MODELING FOR 3D ICS AND INTERPOSERS

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3D Integration is being touted as the next semiconductor revolution. This book provides a comprehensive coverage on the design and modeling aspects of 3D integration, in particularly, focus on its electrical behavior. Looking from the perspective the Silicon Via (TSV) and Glass Via (TGV) technology, the book introduces 3DICs and Interposers as a technology, and presents its application in numerical modeling, signal integrity, power integrity and thermal integrity. The authors underscored the potential of this technology in design exchange formats and power distribution.

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GEOMETRIC, ALGEBRAIC AND TOPOLOGICAL METHODS FOR QUANTUM FIELD THEORY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2011 VILLA DE LEYVA SUMMER SCHOOL

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Based on lectures held at the 7th Villa de Leyva summer school, this book presents an introduction to topics of current interest in the interface of geometry, topology and physics. It is aimed at graduate students in physics or mathematics with interests in geometric, algebraic as well as topological methods and their applications to quantum field theory.This volume contains the written notes corresponding to lectures given by experts in the field. They cover current topics of research in a way that is suitable for graduate students of mathematics or physics interested in the recent developments and interactions between geometry, topology and physics. The book also contains contributions by younger participants, displaying the ample range of topics treated in the school. A key feature of the present volume is the provision of a pedagogical presentation of rather advanced topics, in a way which is suitable for both mathematicians and physicists.

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Sylvie Paycha, Alexander Cardona, Hernan Ocampo, Andres F Reyes-lega, Carolina Neira-jimenez