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The finite element method (FEM) is an analysis tool for problem-solving used throughout applied mathematics, engineering, and scientific computing. Finite Elements for Analysis and Design provides a thoroughlyrevised and up-to-date account of this important tool and its numerous applications, with added emphasis on basic theory. Numerous worked examples are included to illustrate the material. Akin clearly explains the FEM, a numerical analysis tool for problem-solving throughout applied mathematics, engineering and scientific computing Basic theory has been added in the book, including worked examples to enable students to understand the concepts Contains coverage of computational topics, including worked examples to enable students to understand concepts Improved coverage of sensitivity analysis and computational fluid dynamics Uses example applications to increase students' understanding Includes a disk with the FORTRAN source for the programs cided in the text

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J. E. Akin, John R. Whiteman, J. H. Davenport

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Constraint-based linguistics is intersected by three fields: logic, linguistics, and computer sciences. The central theme that ties these different disciplines together is the notion of a linguistic formalism or metalanguage. This metalanguage has good mathematical properties, is designed to express descriptions of language, and has a semantics that can be implemented on a computer. Constraints, Language and Computation discusses the theory and practice of constraint-based computational linguistics. The book captures both the maturity of the field and some of its more interesting future prospects during a particulary important moment of development in this field.

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M. A. Rosner, C. J. Rupp, Torrence Johnson

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Classes and Objects, Calculations and Computations

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This book presents, for the first time, a unified treatment of the quantum mechanisms of magnetic resonance, including both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron spin resonance (ESR). Magnetic resonance is perhaps the most advanced type of spectroscopy and it is applied in biology, chemistry, physics, material science, and medicine. If applied in conjunction with spectroscopy, the imaging version of magnetic resonance has no counterpart in any type of experimental technique. The authors present explanations and applications from fundamental to advanced levels. The authors present explanations and applications from fundamental to advanced levels This groundbreaking volume is accompanied by software which simulates magnetic resonance phenomena

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An Introduction to the Mathematics of Financial Derivatives

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An Introduction to the Mathematics of Financial Derivatives, Second Edition, introduces the mathematics underlying the pricing of derivatives.

The increased interest in dynamic pricing models stems from their applicability to practical situations: with the freeing of exchange, interest rates, and capital controls, the market for derivative products has matured and pricing models have become more accurate. This updated edition has six new chapters and chapter-concluding exercises, plus one thoroughly expanded chapter. The text answers the need for a resource targeting professionals, Ph.D. students, and advanced MBA students who are specifically interested in financial derivatives.

This edition is also designed to become the main text in first year masters and Ph.D. programs for certain courses, and will continue to be an important manual for market professionals and professionals with mathematical, technical, or physics backgrounds.

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The advances of photorefractive optics have demonstrated many useful and practical applications, which include the development of photorefractive optic devices for computer communication needs. To name a couple significant applications: the large capacity optical memory, which can greatly improve the accessible high-speed CD-ROM and the dynamic photorefractive gratings, which can be used for all-optic switches for high-speed fiber optic networks. This book is an important reference both for technical and non-technical staffs who are interested in this field.

Sixteen chapters present the fundamental aspects and the recent advances of photorefractive optics, particularly potential applications in the area of informational infrastructures. The volume begins with the standard photoreactive models, optical properties, wave mixing, hologram formation memories, three-dimensional data storage dynamic, interconnections, space-time processing, and application of photoreflective material to wavefront connection and to femtosecond lasers. The final chapter discusses the dynamic process of photoreflective fibers.Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Covers the recent development in materials, phenomena, and applications Includes growth, characterization, dynamic gratings, and liquid crystal PR effect Includes applications to photonic devices such as large capacity optical memory, 3-D interconnections, and dynamic holograms Provides the recent overall picture of current trends in photorefractive optics Includes optical and electronic properties of the materials as applied to dynamic photorefractive fiber

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Science into Policy: Global Lessons from Antarctica reveals a unique model for integrating Earth system science with environmental and resource policies to balance economic, governmental, and societal interests. Since the International Geophysical Year in 1957-1958, scientific investigation has fostered international cooperation and the rational use of Antarctica for peaceful purposes only. Beyond merely presenting information, this book integrates content and concepts in a manner that will appeal to individuals with interests in the natural and the social sciences.Integrated chapters convey the natural and the human dimensions of AntarcticaTime and space concepts are introduced from diverse perspectives to facilitate insights into ecosystem and environmental variabilityIncluded CD-ROM provides searchable access to a comprehensive database of Antarctic Treaty documentsThe author has been leading international expeditions to "the ice" for the past three decades

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Dividend Policy provides a comprehensive study of dividend policy. It explores the puzzle presented by dividends: irrational and subject to fashion, yet popular and desirable, they remain a priority among managers, even while perceived as largely symbolic.

After exploring the history of dividend payments, from the emergence of the modern corporation to current perspectives, it traces the evolution of academic models on dividend policy. Here the authors review models of symmetric and asymmetric information before analyzing academia's accomplishments in solving the dividend puzzle. Related subjects, such as valuation and wealth distribution, round out the authors' presentation about new ways to think about one of the most intriguing subjects in financial economics.

The book is recommended for professors and students in departments of finance and business, corporate finance staff, and financial regulators.
The only comprehensive study of dividend policy Covers the historical evolution of dividends and academic research on dividend policy Presents new ways of thinking about dividends and dividend policy

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George Frankfurter, Bob G. Wood, James Wansley

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The theory of transmission lines is a classical topic of electrical engineering.  Recently this topic has received renewed attention and has been a focus of considerable research.  This is because the transmisson line theory has found new and important applications in the area of high-speed VLSI interconnects, while it has retained its significance in the area of power transmission.  In many applications, transmission lines are connected to nonlinear circuits.  For instance, interconnects of high-speed VLSI chips can be modelled as transmission lines loaded with nonlinear elements.  These nonlinearities may lead to many new effects such as instability, chaos, generation of higher order harmonics, etc.  The mathematical models of transmission lines with nonlinear loads consist of the linear partial differential equations describing the current and voltage dynamics along the lines together with the nonlinear boundary conditions imposed by the nonlinear loads connected to the lines.  These nonlinear boundary conditions make the mathematical treatment very difficult.  For this reason, the analysis of transmission lines with nonlinear loads has not been addressed adequately in the existing literature.  The unique and distinct feature of the proposed book is that it will present systematic, comprehensive, and in-depth analysis of transmission lines with nonlinear loads. A unified approach for the analysis of networks composed of distributed and lumped circuits A simple, concise and completely general way to present the wave propagation on transmission lines, including a thorough study of the line equations in characteristic form Frequency and time domain multiport representations of any linear transmission line A detailed analysis of the influence on the line characterization of the frequency and space dependence of the line parameters A rigorous study of the properties of the analytical and numerical solutions of the network equations The associated discrete circuits and the associated resisitive circuits of transmission lines Periodic solutions, bifurcations and chaos in transmission lines connected to noninear lumped circuits

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This volume presents state-of-the-art information on several important material systems and device structures employed in modern semiconductor lasers. The first two chapters discuss several III-V, II-VI, and VI-VI compound semiconductor material systems employed in diode lasers whose emission spectra cover the range from the blue to the mid-infrared. Subsequent chapters describe the elaboration of special laser structures designed for achieving narrow spectral linewidths and wavelength tunability, as well as high power emission devices. The last chapter covers the development of surface emitting diode lasers, particularly vertical cavity structures.

In all five chapters, the underlying device physics as well as the state-of-the-art and future trends are discussed. This book introduces the non-expert to the design and fabrication issues involved in the development of these important laser devices. In addition, it reviews the current status of the different material systems and cavity configurations for the benefit of readers engaged in research in this field. Useful background material related to the fundamentals of lasing in semiconductors can be found in the companion volume, Semiconductor Lasers I: Fundamentals.
Covers important recent advances in materials, design, fabrication, and device structure of semiconductor lasers - aspects not covered in previously existing literature Introduces the non-expert to the subject Useful for professionals engaged in research and development Numerous schematic and data-containing illustrations Written by leading experts in the field

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Economic Risk in Hydrocarbon Exploration

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Economic Risk in Hydrocarbon Exploration provides a total framework for assessing the uncertainties associated with exploration risk from beginning to end. Numerous examples with accompanying microcomputer algorithms illustrate how to quantitatively approach economic risk. The text compares detailed assumptions and models of economic risk, and presents numerical examples throughout to facilitate hands-on calculations using popular spread-sheet packages on personal computers. Covers economic risk from exploration through production models Brings methods to a level where all can be done on a PC Analyzes numerical examples from the real world Removes "mystery" from how economics is done Addresses assumptions in models and shows how they influence projections

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A best-selling mechanistic organic chemistry text in Germany, this text's translation into English fills a long-existing need for a modern, thorough and accessible treatment of reaction mechanisms for students of organic chemistry at the advanced undergraduate and graduate level. Knowledge of reaction mechanisms is essential to all applied areas of organic chemistry; this text fulfills that need by presenting the right material at the right level.

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As the biomedical engineering field expands throughout the world, clinical engineers play an evermore-important role as translators between the medical, engineering, and business professions. They influence procedure and policy at research facilities, universities, as well as private and government agencies including the Food and Drug Administration and the World Health Organization. The profession of clinical engineering continues to seek its place amidst the myriad of professionals that comprise the health care field.

The Clinical Engineering Handbook meets a long felt need for a comprehensive book on all aspects of clinical engineering that is a suitable reference in hospitals, classrooms, workshops, and governmental and non-governmental organization. The Handbooks thirteen sections address the following areas: Clinical Engineering; Models of Clinical Engineering Practice; Technology Management; Safety Education and Training; Design, Manufacture, and Evaluation and Control of Medical Devices; Utilization and Service of Medical Devices; Information Technology; and Professionalism and Ethics. The Clinical Engineering Handbook provides the reader with prospects for the future of clinical engineering as well as guidelines and standards for best practice around the world. From telemedicine and IT issues, to sanitation and disaster planning, it brings together all the important aspects of clinical engineering.
Clinical Engineers are the safety and quality faciltators in all medical facilities The most definitive, comprehensive, and up-to-date book available on the subject of clinical engineering Over 170 contributions by leaders in the field of clinical engineering

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Time Domain Electromagnetics deals with a specific technique in electromagnetics within the general area of electrical engineering. This mathematical method has become a standard for a wide variety of applications for design and problem solving. This method of analysis in electromagnetics is directly related to advances in cellular and mobile communications technology, as well as traditional EM areas such as radar, antennas, and wave propagation. Most of the material is available in the research journals which is difficult for a non-specialist to locate, read, understand, and effectively use for the problem at hand. Only book currently available to practicing engineers and research scientists exclusively devoted to this subject Includes contributions by the world's leading experts in electromagnetics Presents the most popular methods used in time domain analysis are included at one place with thorough discussion of the methods in an easily understandable style In each chapter, many simple and practical examples are discussed thoroughly to illustrate the salient points of the material presented All chapters are written in a consistent style that allows the book to be of use for self-study by professionals as well as for use in a graduate-level course in electrical engineering

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This book is intended to help newly graduated chemists, particularly organic chemists, at all levels from bachelors to post-doctorates, find careers in the North American pharmaceutical industry. It will serve as a practical, detailed guiedbook for job seekers as well a reference work for faculty advisers, research supervisors, development officers, employment agents, and personnel managers in the industry. The book gathers in a single volume the fundamentals of getting an industrial job as a medicinal or process chemist, and covers all aspects of a chemist's job--scientific, financial, and managerial--within a pharmaceutical/biotechnology company. Other scientists looking for jobs as analytical or physical chemists and even biochemists and biologists will find the book useful. The valuable appendix is a unique compendium of 365 commercial, governmental, or non-profit institutions that comprise the North American pharmaceutical industry.
Learn How To:
Discover the 12 permanent, big-pharma jobs for B.S. chemists Use the 500+ company index to locate potential employers Track pharma openings with 190+ corporate and chemist-specific job banks Add industry veterans to your employment network Find the 50+ companies offering paid summer internships to students Include the one resume item that wins interviews for B.S. and M.S. chemists Express a knowledgeable preference for drug discovery or development Research over 360 drug companies through their Web sites Discover the 70+ firms offering stock purchase plans or stock options34and which two represent big pharma Find out your salary offer in time to negotiate your wages

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Writing Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry

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Writing Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry, Second Edition, is an invaluable guide to charting the movements of atoms and electrons in the reactions of organic molecules. Miller and Solomon illustrate that understanding organic reactions is based on applying general principles rather than the rote memorization of unrelated processes, and, in turn, emphasize that writing mechanisms is a practical method of applying knowledge of previously encountered reactions and reaction conditions to new reactions. Students and research chemists alike will find this book useful in providing a method of organizing and synthesizing an oftentimes overwhelming quantity of information into a set of general principles and guidelines for determining and describing organic reaction mechanisms. llustrated with hundreds of chemical structures, all redrawn from the first edition, with addedemphasis on three-dimensional structures and stereochemical aspects of reaction mechanisms Extensively rewritten and reorganized to make the presentation and format more accessible to first-year organic chemistry students, as well as advanced undergraduate and graduate students Chapter 6 is completely revised to streamline the treatment of pericyclic reactions, while introducing the principles underlying the symmetry operations and orbital correlation diagrams  New appendixes in this edition contain easily referenced information on Lewis structures, chemical symbols and notation, and relative acidities of common functional groups

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Origins of Life on the Earth and in the Cosmos, Second Edition, suggests answers to the age-old questions of how life arose in the universe and how it might arise elsewhere. This thorough revision of a very successful text describes key events in the evolution of living systems, starting with the creation of an environment suitable for the origins of life. Whereas one may never be able to reconstruct the precise pathway that led to the origin of life on earth, one can certainly make some plausible reconstructions of it. Such discussions have greatly expanded our understanding of the principles of chemical evolution and how they compare and contrast with the principles of biological evolution. The text is strong on biochemistry and its recent applications to origins' research. Provides an excellent review of basic biochemistry an evolution Written in a clear, concise style for scientists, students, and readers interested in a scientific inquiry into the origins of life Written by an authority in the field, and brought fully up-to-date in light of new research Pulls together valuable information not found in a single source Organized and presented in a manner conductive for use in a college course Heavily illustrated to make difficult concepts concrete

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Growing numbers of engineering graduates are finding employment in the control systems area with applications to manufacturing. To be properly prepared for such positions, it is desirable that the students be exposed to the topics of process control, discrete logic control and the fundamentals of manufacturing. Presently there is no existing textbook and/or reference that combine together process control, discrete logic control and the fundamentals of manufacturing. This is a book that fills that gap.

This book integrates together the theory with a number of illustrative examples. Constructive procedures will be given for designing controllers and manufacturing lines, including methods for designing digital controllers, fuzzy logic controllers and adaptive controllers, and methods for the design of the flow of operations in a manufacturing line. One chapter will be devoted to equipment interfacing and computer communications, with the focus on fieldbuses, device drivers and computer networks. There are no existing control-oriented textbooks that bring this material into the picture, although interfacing and communications are becoming a bigger and bigger part of the overall control problem.
Covers both analog and digital control using P/PI/PID controllers and discrete logic control using ladder logic diagrams and programmable logic controllers Contains a brief introduction to model predictive control, adaptive control, and neural net control Covers control from the device/process level up to and including the production system level Contains an introduction to manufacturing systems with the emphasis on performance measures, flow-line analysis, and line balancing Contains a chapter on equipment interfacing with a brief introduction on OLE for process control (OPC), the GEM standard, fieldbuses, and Ethernet Material is based on a course with a lab project developed and taught at the Georgia Institute of Technology Coverage is at the introductory level with a minimal amount of background required to read the text

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Field Guide to Appropriate Technology is an all-in-one "hands-on guide" for nontechnical and technical people working in less developed communities. It has been developed and designed with a prestigious team of authors, each of whom has worked extensively in developing societies throughout the world.

This field guide includes:
Step-by-step instructions and illustrations showing how to build and maintain a vast array of appropriate technology systems and devices Unique coverage on healthcare, basic business and project management, principles of design, promotion, scheduling, training, microlending, and more Teachers, doctors, construction workers, forest and agricultural specialists, scientists and healthcare workers, and religious and government representatives will find this book a first source for advice Step-by-step instructions and illustrations showing how to build and maintain a vast array of appropriate technology systems and devices Unique coverage on healthcare, basic business and project management, principles of design, promotion, scheduling, training, microlending, and more Teachers, doctors, construction workers, forest and agricultural specialists, scientists and healthcare workers, and religious and government representatives will find this book a first source for advice

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Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles

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There is hardly a field of science or engineering that does not have some interest in light scattering by small particles. For example, this subject is important to climatology because the energy budget for the Earth's atmosphere is strongly affected by scattering of solar radiation by cloud and aerosol particles, and the whole discipline of remote sensing relies largely on analyzing the parameters of radiation scattered by aerosols, clouds, and precipitation. The scattering of light by spherical particles can be easily computed using the conventional Mie theory. However, most small solid particles encountered in natural and laboratory conditions have nonspherical shapes. Examples are soot and mineral aerosols, cirrus cloud particles, snow and frost crystals, ocean hydrosols, interplanetary and cometary dust grains, and microorganisms. It is now well known that scattering properties of nonspherical particles can differ dramatically from those of "equivalent" (e.g., equal-volume or equal-surface-area) spheres. Therefore, the ability to accurately compute or measure light scattering by nonspherical particles in order to clearly understand the effects of particle nonsphericity on light scattering is very important.

The rapid improvement of computers and experimental techniques over the past 20 years and the development of efficient numerical approaches have resulted in major advances in this field which have not been systematically summarized. Because of the universal importance of electromagnetic scattering by nonspherical particles, papers on different aspects of this subject are scattered over dozens of diverse research and engineering journals. Often experts in one discipline (e.g., biology) are unaware of potentially useful results obtained in another discipline (e.g., antennas and propagation). This leads to an inefficient use of the accumulated knowledge and unnecessary redundancy in research activities.

This book offers the first systematic and unified discussion of light scattering by nonspherical particles and its practical applications and represents the state-of-the-art of this important research field. Individual chapters are written by leading experts in respective areas and cover three major disciplines: theoretical and numerical techniques, laboratory measurements, and practical applications. An overview chapter provides a concise general introduction to the subject of nonspherical scattering and should be especially useful to beginners and those interested in fast practical applications. The audience for this book will include graduate students, scientists, and engineers working on specific aspects of electromagnetic scattering by small particles and its applications in remote sensing, geophysics, astrophysics, biomedical optics, and optical engineering.
The first systematic and comprehensive treatment of electromagnetic scattering by nonspherical particles and its applications Individual chapters are written by leading experts in respective areas Includes a survey of all the relevant literature scattered over dozens of basic and applied research journals Consistent use of unified definitions and notation makes the book a coherent volume An overview chapter provides a concise general introduction to the subject of light scattering by nonspherical particles Theoretical chapters describe specific easy-to-use computer codes publicly available on the World Wide Web Extensively illustrated with over 200 figures, 4 in color

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Michael I. Mishchenko, Joachim W. Hovenier, Larry D. Travis

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The Spectra and Dynamics of Diatomic Molecules

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This book is written for graduate students just beginning research, for theorists curious about what experimentalists actually can and do measure, and for experimentalists bewildered by theory. It is a guide for potential users of spectroscopic data, and uses language and concepts that bridge the frequency-and time-domain spectroscopic communities.

Key topics, concepts, and techniques include: the assignment of simple spectra, basic experimental techniques, definition of Born-Oppenheimer and angular momentum basis sets and the associated spectroscopic energy level patterns (Hund's cases), construction of effective Hamiltonian matrices to represent both spectra and dynamics, terms neglected in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation (situations intermediate between Hund's cases, spectroscopic perturbations), nonlinear least squares fitting, calculation and interpretation of coupling terms, semi-classical (WKB) approximation, transition intensities and interference effects, direct photofragmentation (dissociation and ionization) and indirect photofragmentation (predissociation and autoionization) processes, visualization of intramolecular dynamics, quantum beats and wavepackets, treatment of decaying quasi-eigenstates using a complex Heff model, and concluding with some examples of polyatomic molecule dynamics.

Students will discover that there is a fascinating world of cause-and-effect localized dynamics concealed beyond the reduction of spectra to archival molecular constants and the exact ab initio computation of molecular properties. Professional spectroscopists, kinetics, ab initio theorists will appreciate the practical, simplified-model, and rigorous theoretical approaches discussed in this book.
A fundamental reference for all spectra of small, gas-phase molecules It is the most up-to-date and comprehensive book on the electronic spectroscopy and dynamics of diatomic molecules The authors pioneered the development of many of the experimental methods, concepts, models, and computational schemes described in this book