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Electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, molecular spectroscopy, optics and radiation form the foundations of the field. On top of these rest the techniques applying the fundamentals (e.g. Emission Spectroscopy, Laser Induced Fluorescence, Raman Spectroscopy). This book contains the basic topics associated with optical spectroscopic techniques. About 40 major sources are distilled into one book, so researchers can read and fully comprehend specific optical spectroscopy techniques without visiting many sources.Optical diagnostics are widely used in combustion research. Ideas first proposed here are now applied in other fields, including reacting flows for materials production (CVD reactors, oxidation reactors and some plasma work), atmospheric sensing, measuring constituents of exhaled human breath (to indicate stress in airway passages and the lungs and hence,e.g., provide a very early indicator of lung cancer).Researchers not formally trained who apply spectroscopy in their research need the detail in this book to ensure accuracy of their technique or to develop more sophisticated measurements. Time is valuable and future research will benefit. Learning "on the fly" can involve direct information on a specific diagnostic technique rather than gaining the background necessary to go into further depth.

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Handbook of RF and Wireless Technologies

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Expert contributors drawn from the ranks of academia and industry have authored chapters in such areas as third-generation wireless, wireless sensor networks, RF power amplifiers, spread spectrum modulation, signal propagation, antennas, and other key subjects that engineers working in RF and wireless need to be familiar with. This is far more than just a tutorial or reference guideit is a "guided tour" through the world of cutting-edge RF and wireless design, combining theory, applications, and philosophies behind the RF/wireless design process. The multiple and sometimes overlapping chapters reiterate and emphasize the fundamentals in the context of different types of wireless applications.Here are just a few benefits that readers will gain from reading this book:*A refresher and update of wireless principles and techniques.*Information about the latest (and forthcoming) RF and wireless circuits, products and systems.*Guidelines, approaches, and techniques to RF/wireless design.*Examples of typical applications with an emphasis on real-world situations including existing and forthcoming new components and integrated circuits.*Coverage of new and emerging wireless topics heretofore not widely covered in print (e.g. UWB, RFID, IR, etc.)

* A comprehensive survey of current RF and wireless engineering practice * Heavy emphasis on practical applications and design guidelines* Multiple contributors assure a wide range of perspectives and avoids individual bias

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Beginning Analog Electronics through Projects

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Analog electronics is the simplest way to start a fun, informative, learning program. Beginning Analog Electronics Through Projects, Second Edition was written with the needs of beginning hobbyists and students in mind. This revision of Andrew Singmin's popular Beginning Electronics Through Projects provides practical exercises, building techniques, and ideas for useful electronics projects. Additionally, it features new material on analog and digital electronics, and new projects for troubleshooting test equipment.

Published in the tradition of Beginning Electronics Through Projects and Beginning Digital Electronics Through Projects, this book limits theory to "need-to-know" information that will allow you to get started right away without complex math. Commonly used electronic components and their functions are described briefly in everyday terms. Ideal for progressive learning, each of the projects builds on the theory and component knowledge developed in earlier chapters. Step-by-step instructions facilitate one's learning of techniques for component identification, soldering, troubleshooting, and much more.
Includes instructions for using a general purpose assembly board Practical, enjoyable, useful approach to learning about electronics Features twelve easy and useful projects designed to familiarize beginners and hobbyists with the most commonly used ICs

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Aqueous Systems at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures

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Physical Chemistry in Water, Steam and Hydrothermal Solutions

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The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) has produced this book in order to provide an accessible, up-to-date overview of important aspects of the physical chemistry of aqueous systems at high temperatures and pressures. These systems are central to many areas of scientific study and industrial application, including electric power generation, industrial steam systems, hydrothermal processing of materials, geochemistry, and environmental applications. The authors goal is to present the material at a level that serves both the graduate student seeking to learn the state of the art, and also the industrial engineer or chemist seeking to develop additional expertise or to find the data needed to solve a specific problem.
The wide range of people for whom this topic is important provides a challenge. Advanced work in this area is distributed among physical chemists, chemical engineers, geochemists, and other specialists, who may not be aware of parallel work by those outside their own specialty. The particular aspects of high-temperature aqueous physical chemistry of interest to one industry may be irrelevant to another; yet another industry might need the same basic information but in a very different form.
To serve all these constituencies, the book includes several chapters that cover the foundational thermophysical properties (such as gas solubility, phase behavior, thermodynamic properties of solutes, and transport properties) that are of interest across numerous applications. The presentation of these topics is intended to be accessible to readers from a variety of backgrounds. Other chapters address fundamental areas of more specialized interest, such as critical phenomena and molecular-level solution structure. Several chapters are more application-oriented, addressing areas such as power-cycle chemistry and hydrothermal synthesis. As befits the variety of interests addressed, some chapters provide more theoretical guidance while others, such as those on acid/base equilibria and the solubilities of metal oxides and hydroxides, emphasize experimental techniques and data analysis.

- Covers both the theory and applications of all Hydrothermal solutions
- Provides an accessible, up-to-date overview of important aspects of the physical chemistry of aqueous systems at high temperatures and pressures
- The presentation of the book is understandable to readers from a variety of backgrounds

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Roberto Fernandez-Prini, A.H. Harvey, D.A. Palmer

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The Firmware Handbook provides a comprehensive reference for firmware developers looking to increase their skills and productivity. It addresses each critical step of the development process in detail, including how to optimize hardware design for better firmware. Topics covered include real-time issues, interrupts and ISRs, memory management (including Flash memory), handling both digital and analog peripherals, communications interfacing, math subroutines, error handling, design tools, and troubleshooting and debugging.

This book is not for the beginner, but rather is an in-depth, comprehensive one-volume reference that addresses all the major issues in firmware design and development, including the pertinent hardware issues.

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Impacts of the Natural Environment on Public Health

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This authoritative reference volume emphasizes the importance and interrelationships of geological processes to the health and diseases of humans and animals. Its accessible format fosters better communication between the health and geoscience communities by elucidating the geologic origins and flow of toxic elements in the environment that lead to human exposure through the consumption of food and water. For example, problems of excess intake from drinking water have been encountered for several inorganic compounds, including fluoride in Africa and India; arsenic in certain areas of Argentina, Chile, and Taiwan; selenium in seleniferous areas in the U.S., Venezuela, and China; and nitrate in agricultural areas with heavy use of fertilizers. Environmental influences on vector borne diseases and stormflow water quality influences are also featured. Numerous examples of the environmental influences on human health from across the globe are also presented and discussed in this volume.

* Covers recent advances and future research topics at the intersection of environmental science and public health* Developed by 60 experts from 20 countries and edited by professionals from the International Working Group on Medical Geology* Includes 200+ color photographs and illustrations* Organizes information in a highly structured format for easy reference* Written for a broad audience, ranging from students, researchers, and medical professionals to policymakers and the general public

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Tools for Solving the Accounting and Management Crisis

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For the recorded history of management, the world has managed value creation according to what can be seen, touched and proven. In today's knowledge-based economy, value creation is derived primarily from how well firms manage intangibles (knowledge, service, expectations, response time, innovation, change management, etc). The large capital outlays that signified the manufacturing economy are no longer required. In fact, such 'tangibles' now explain less than 20% of the value of most publicly listed firms. For example, Time Warner has only 6.49% of its value attributable to tangibles. As such, for every $1 of true value, only $0.065 cents is being measured and managed by conventional management practices. For Oracle Corporation, tangibles account for only 4% of its value. For General Electric (worth over US$450 billion), tangibles account for less than 11% of its value.

Intention, context, emotional intelligence, escalation, and sustainability are words that are generally absent from the operational management techniques of managers worldwide. They form, however, the basis of skills required to manage organizations in today's knowledge-based economy. The authors investigate the ways that intangible values can be identified, measured, and managed. Their revolutionary and innovative taxonomy not only reveals fundamental differences between a manufacturing economy and one which creates value through knowledge, relationships, and time. By using case studies, a compelling mixture of theory and applications, and a set of accounting tools, the authors demonstrates how a new value framework can protect investors while giving companies the ability to generate long-term growth.
Shows how intangible values can be identified, measured, and managed Presents a revolutionary and innovative taxonomy with a new set of accounting tools Demonstrates with case studies how a new value framework can protect investors while enabling companies to generate long-term growth

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In a clear and readable style, Bill Bolton addresses the basic principles of modern instrumentation and control systems, including examples of the latest devices, techniques and applications. Unlike the majority of books in this field, only a minimal prior knowledge of mathematical methods is assumed. The book focuses on providing a comprehensive introduction to the subject, with Laplace presented in a simple and easily accessible form, complimented by an outline of the mathematics that would be required to progress to more advanced levels of study.

Taking a highly practical approach, Bill Bolton combines underpinning theory with numerous case studies and applications throughout, to enable the reader to apply the content directly to real-world engineering contexts. Coverage includes smart instrumentation, DAQ, crucial health and safety considerations, and practical issues such as noise reduction, maintenance and testing. An introduction to PLCs and ladder programming is incorporated in the text, as well as new information introducing the various software programmes used for simulation.

Problems with a full answer section are also included, to aid the readers self-assessment and learning, and a companion website (for lecturers only) at http://textbooks.elsevier.com features an Instructors Manual including multiple choice questions, further assignments with detailed solutions, as well as additional teaching resources.

The overall approach of this book makes it an ideal text for all introductory level undergraduate courses in control engineering and instrumentation. It is fully in line with latest syllabus requirements, and also covers, in full, the requirements of the Instrumentation & Control Principles and Control Systems & Automation units of the new Higher National Engineering syllabus from Edexcel.

* Assumes minimal prior mathematical knowledge, creating a highly accessible student-centred text
* Problems, case studies and applications included throughout, with a full set of answers at the back of the book, to aid student learning, and place theory in real-world engineering contexts
* Free online lecturer resources featuring supporting notes, multiple-choice tests, lecturer handouts and further assignments and solutions

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DescriptionThis book provides a detailed overview of the evolution of undersea communications systems, with emphasis on the most recent breakthroughs of optical submarine cable technologies based upon Wavelength Division Multiplexing, optical amplification, new-generation optical fibers, and high-speed digital electronics. The role played by submarine-communication systems in the development of high-speed networks and associated market demands for multiplying Internet and broadband services is also covered.Importance of This TopicThis book will fill the gap between highly specialized papers from large international conferences and broad-audience technology review updates. The book provides a full overview of the evolution in the field and conveys the dimension of the large undersea projects. In addition, the book uncovers the myths surrounding marine operations and installations in that domain, which have remained known so far to only very few specialists.

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J. Zweck, Stefano Wabnitz, D. Wang, G.M. Carter, Y. Sun, Jean Jerphagnon, I.T. Lima Jr., Bryan S. Marks, Curtis Menyuk, Jean Pierre Blondel, Eric Brandon, Omar Ait Sab, Olivier Gautheron, Dominique Bayart, Philippe Gallion, G. Fouchard, Katsuo Suzuki, John Horne, Jean Francois Libert, Gary Waterworth, Michael B. Cain, Scott R. Bickam, Howard Kidorf, Christopher E. Little, Neville J. Hazell, José Chesnoy, Govind P. Agrawal, Ivan Kaminow, Paul Kelley

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Orbital mechanics is a cornerstone subject for aerospace engineering students. However, with its basis in classical physics and mechanics, it can be a difficult and weighty subject. Howard Curtis - Professor of Aerospace Engineering at Embry-Riddle University, the US's #1 rated undergraduate aerospace school - focuses on what students at undergraduate and taught masters level really need to know in this hugely valuable text. Fully supported by the analytical features and computer based tools required by today's students, it brings a fresh, modern, accessible approach to teaching and learning orbital mechanics. A truly essential new resource. A complete, stand-alone text for this core aerospace engineering subject Richly-detailed, up-to-date curriculum coverage; clearly and logically developed to meet the needs of students Highly illustrated and fully supported with downloadable MATLAB algorithms for project and practical work; with fully worked examples throughout, Q&A; material, and extensive homework exercises.

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A Guide to Understanding Materials Behavior

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This book will enable students to navigate through materials science and engineering courses with increased motivation, reflection and depth. It contains a series of guides that will help students learn about materials while enhancing their thinking and learning skills.The first chapter serves as an introduction to the general concepts and terminology of materials science. The remaining chapters focus on specific materialspolymers, metals, ceramics, biomaterials, composites, natural materials, and electronic and magnetic materials. Throughout the text, expert contributors highlight key concepts and ideas and how they relate to other areas of science.Navigating the Material is based on current educational theory in higher education, which puts the student at the center of learning and encourages learning with understanding.

Introduces general concepts and provides a thorough review of specific types of materials Based on current educational theory that helps students not only learn important facts, but also helps them understand core concepts and improve their thinking and learning skills Adopts a style that is appealing to faculty and students and is enhanced with a large number of illustrations

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Quantitative Spectroscopy: Theory and Practice

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The determination of the concentrations of molecules in samples has long been an important application of spectroscopy. In the last 20 years advances in algorithms, computers, instruments, and software have led to a growing interest in this field. These developments mean samples and analytes that were once considered intractable are increasingly yielding usable calibrations. The purpose of this book is to give readers, without an advanced math background, a thorough grounding in the theory and practice of modern quantitative spectroscopic analysis. The author has placed great emphasis on providing the reader with everything they need to know to obtain a fundamental understanding of quantitative spectroscopy.

Relevant theory is explained in an easy to understand, conversational style.
Actual spectroscopic data and calibrations are used throughout the book to show how real world calibrations are achieved.
The complexities of Factor Analysis (PCR/PLS) algorithms are explained in pictures and words, making them understandable for all.
Written from a spectroscopic rather than a mathematical point of view.
Relevant theory is interspersed with practical discussions in order to make difficult concepts easier to comprehend
It is a comprehensive introduction for novices, and an excellent reference for experts.
Topics on spectroscopy are included to emphasize its importance in quantitative spectroscopy

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The 8051 architecture developed by Intel has proved to be the most popular and enduring type of microcontroller, available from many manufacturers and widely used for industrial applications and embedded systems as well as being a versatile and economical option for design prototyping, educational use and other project work.In this book the authors introduce the fundamentals and capabilities of the 8051, then put them to use through practical exercises and project work. The result is a highly practical learning experience that will help a wide range of engineers and students to get through the steepest part of the learning curve and become proficient and productive designing with the 8051. The text is also supported by practical examples, summaries and knowledge-check questions.The latest developments in the 8051 family are also covered in this book, with chapters covering flash memory devices and 16-bit microcontrollers.Dave Calcutt, Fred Cowan and Hassan Parchizadeh are all experienced authors and lecturers at the University of Portsmouth, UK. Increase design productivity quickly with 8051 family microcontrollers Unlock the potential of the latest 8051 technology: flash memory devices and16-bit chips Self-paced learning for electronic designers, technicians and students

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David Calcutt, Frederick Cowan, Hassan Parchizadeh

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Process Modelling and Model Analysis describes the use of models in process engineering. Process engineering is all about manufacturing--of just about anything! To manage processing and manufacturing systematically, the engineer has to bring together many different techniques and analyses of the interaction between various aspects of the process. For example, process engineers would apply models to perform feasibility analyses of novel process designs, assess environmental impact, and detect potential hazards or accidents.

To manage complex systems and enable process design, the behavior of systems is reduced to simple mathematical forms. This book provides a systematic approach to the mathematical development of process models and explains how to analyze those models. Additionally, there is a comprehensive bibliography for further reading, a question and answer section, and an accompanying Web site developed by the authors with additional data and exercises.
Introduces a structured modeling methodology emphasizing the importance of the modeling goal and including key steps such as model verification, calibration, and validation Focuses on novel and advanced modeling techniques such as discrete, hybrid, hierarchical, and empirical modeling Illustrates the notions, tools, and techniques of process modeling with examples and advances applications

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Ian T. Cameron, Katalin Hangos, John Perkins, George Stephanopoulos

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This book is aims to be a comprehensive source on the physics and engineering of magneto-resistive heads.  Most of the material is presented in a nonmathematical manner to make it more digestible for researchers, students, developers, and engineers.In addition to revising and updating material available in the first edition, Mallinson has added nine new chapters dealing with various aspects concerning spin valves, the electron spin tunneling effect, the electrostatic discharge effects, read amplifiers, and signal-to-noise ratios, making this a completely up-to-date reference.The previous edition of Magneto-Resistive Heads was the first volume in the new Academic Press series in Electromagnetism edited by Professor Isaak Mayergoyz, who is a well-recognized expert in the field.

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This book makes Hazardous or Electrical Area Classification simple. In plants processing flammable materials, every effort is made to avoid the escape of such materials and in addition, stringent measures are taken to exclude sources of ignition. A complex array of standards surround this topic which has lead to an overly conservative approach being taken. This type of approach means that much more expensive electrical apparatus than is necessary is installed.

To avoid this unnecessary expenditure, Dr Groh clearly explains the relevant standards, so that accurate assessment of the risks associated with hazardous areas is possible. He also identifies possible ignition sources and methods of designing apparatus which do not cause sparks thereby maintaining safety.

* Covers must-have information regarding IEC/CENELEC standards in electrical or hazardous area classification
* Provides a clear overview of a complex area

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Design of Experiments for Engineers and Scientists

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The tools and technique used in the Design of Experiments (DOE) have been proved successful in meeting the challenge of continuous improvement over the last 15 years. However, research has shown that applications of these techniques in small and medium-sized manufacturing companies are limited due to a lack of statistical knowledge required for their effective implementation. Although many books have been written in this subject, they are mainly by statisticians, for statisticians and not appropriate for engineers.Design of Experiments for Engineers and Scientists overcomes the problem of statistics by taking a unique approach using graphical tools. The same outcomes and conclusions are reached as by those using statistical methods and readers will find the concepts in this book both familiar and easy to understand. The book treats Planning, Communication, Engineering, Teamwork and Statistical Skills in separate chapters and then combines these skills through the use of many industrial case studies. Design of Experiments forms part of the suite of tools used in Six Sigma.Key features:* Provides essential DOE techniques for process improvement initiatives* Introduces simple graphical techniques as an alternative to advanced statistical methods reducing time taken to design and develop prototypes, reducing time to reach the market* Case studies place DOE techniques in the context of different industry sectors* An excellent resource for the Six Sigma training programThis book will be useful to engineers and scientists from all disciplines tackling all kinds of manufacturing, product and process quality problems and will be an ideal resource for students of this topic.Dr Jiju Anthony is Senior Teaching Fellow at the International Manufacturing Unit at Warwick University. He is also a trainer and consultant in DOE and has worked as such for a number of companies including Motorola, Vickers, Procter and Gamble, Nokia, Bosch and a large number of SMEs.

* Provides essential DOE techniques for process improvement initiatives* Introduces simple graphical techniques as an alternative to advanced statistical methods - reducing time taken to design and conduct tests* Case studies place DOE techniques in the context of different industry sectors

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Internet information (which is doubling every six months) travels through optical fibers. Today, optical fibers are being installed where a single fiber has the ability to carry information as much as 200 times faster than was possible just five years ago. This revolutionary capability is being achieved with technology known as wavelength division multiplexing WDM). WDM technology relies on the fact that optical fibers can carry many wavelengths of light simultaneously without interaction between each wavelength. Thus, a single fiber can carry many separate wavelength signals or channels simultaneously.

The communications industry is at the onset of new expansion of WDM technology necessary to meet the new demand for bandwidth. WDM Technologies: Optical Networks deals with the Networks facet of this field (present and future).
Allows engineers working in optical communications(from systems to components) to understand the principles and mechanics of each key component they deal with for optical system design Provides an excellent resource for engineers and researchers engaged in all aspects of fiber optic communications, such as optoelectronics, equipment/system design, and manufacturing Provides comprehensive coverage of key concepts in optical networks and their application in commercial systems

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Achyut K. Dutta, Niloy K. Dutta, Masahiko Fujiwara

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WDM Technologies: Active Optical Components

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WDM Technologies: Active Optical Components is an excellent resource for engineers and researchers engaged in all aspects of fiber optics communication, such as, optoelectronics, equipment/system design, and manufacturing. The book is also a resource for graduate students and scholars interested in these rapidly growing fields. Provides the reader with insight and understanding for key active optical components frequently being / to be used in the optical communication systems, essential building blocks of today's/next generation fiber optic networks Allows engineers working in optical communication area, (from system to component) to understand the principle and mechanics of each key component they deal with for optical system design Covers different laser diodes as transmitter and pumping sources, different modulators, and different photodetectors

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Masahiro Kobayashi, Stella W. Pang, Tatsuya Sasaki, Kouji Kudo, Kenichi IGA, Kenko Taguchi, T.G. Beck Mason, Rangaraj Madabhushi, Fumio Koyama, Jens Buus, Pierre-Jean Rogole, Gert Sarlet, Akihiki Kasukawa, Niloy K. Dutta, Achyut K. Dutta, Masahiko Fujiwara

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Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter

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Interest in marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is very high because it plays an important role in oceanic and global carbon cycling, which in turn impacts weather. Understanding the processes involved in the transformations of carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen, and other major elements in the oceans has been a primary goal of marine biogeochemists and oceanographers over the past decade.This book, in 16 chapters with over 170 figures and tables, reports on the major advances in this area by a distinguished group of international chemical and biological oceanographers. Additionally, it focuses on the role of DOM in elemental cycling - where the greatest informational need currently exists.

Biological cycling of the major elements through DOM is assessed throughout, with particular emphasis on the role of marine microbes as active agents in the processing of this materialThe ocean science community's advances for inclusion of DOM in both ecosystem and global circulation models are evaluated