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Alkaloids: Chemical and Biological Perspectives

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Alkaloids: Chemical and Biological Perspectives, the 15th volume of the ACBP series, features four important reviews of research on alkaloids. Chapter 1 is the first comprehensive review of the carbon-13 and proton NMR shift assignments and physical constants of diterpene alkaloids and their derivatives. In addition to the catalogue of spectral and physical data, the chapter includes a table of the occurrences of these alkaloids in various plant species, tables containing molecular formulas versus calculated high-resolution mass values, and calculated high-resolution mass values versus the molecular formulas of diterpenoid alkaloids, as well as seven tables summarizing the carbon-13 chemical shifts of various functional groups in diterpenoid alkaloids.

Chapter 2 is a fascinating review of the supercritical fluid extraction of alkaloids. This technique using basic modifiers, provides an alternative method for the extraction of alkaloids.

Chapter 3 summarizes recent advances in the synthesis of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, an important class of naturally-occurring bases and neutral compounds. The increased activity in the synthesis of these alkaloids over the last decade is undoubtedly due to the fact that certain members of this family possess interesting and useful biological properties. Elegant syntheses, chiral and otherwise, of structures incorporating many asymmetric centres are reviewed.

Chapter 4 reviews radical cyclization reactions in the total synthesis of indole alkaloids. The use of free radical chemistry in the synthesis of alkaloids has grown markedly because of the mild reaction conditions, tolerance of a wide variety of functional groups, and the good stereoselectivities.

Each chapter in this volume has been reviewed by at least one specialist in the field.

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Alkaloids: Chemical and Biological Perspectives

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Volume 10 of this series presents four timely reviews. Chapter 1 provides a fascinating account of the history of alkaloid discovery in Australia beginning with the isolation of the first alkaloid from an Australian plant, the Tasmanian sassafras (Atherosperma moschatum), by Zeyer in 1861. Also included is a comprehensive survey of alkaloid-bearing plants, and a section dealing with detection, estimation, extraction, and work-up procedures for alkaloids.
Chapter 2 provides a comprehensive update to the chapter on "Pyridine and Piperidine Alkaloids" which appeared in volume 3 of this series. The focus of this chapter is on new alkaloids isolated, biosynthesis, and biological properties.
Chapter 3 looks at "3-Alkylpiperidine Alkaloids Isolated from Marine Sponges in the Order Haplosclerida". Studies over the past thirty years have shown that sponges are a rich source of alkaloids. Many of these sponge alkaloids are related to each other by the presence of a 3-alkylpiperidine moiety in their structures and it happens that the sponges that have been reported to contain 3-alkylpiperidine alkaloids are all in the order Haplosclerida.
Chapter 4 reviews &bgr;-carboline and isoquinoline alkaloids which are pharmacologically some of the most significant marine natural products. This chapter treats the isolation, structure elucidation, synthesis, biosynthesis, and pharmacological activity of these alkaloids.

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Algebraic and Analytic Methods in Representation Theory

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This book is a compilation of several works from well-recognized figures in the field of Representation Theory. The presentation of the topic is unique in offering several different points of view, which should makethe book very useful to students and experts alike.

Presents several different points of view on key topics in representation theory, from internationally known experts in the field

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Air Pollution Science for the 21st Century

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Acid rain, photochemistry, long-range transport of pollutants, greenhouse gas emissions and aerosols have dominated tropospheric air pollution for the last 30 years of the 20th century. At the start of the 21st century, acid rain is subject to planned improvement in Europe and North America, but is still a growing problem in Asia. Tropospheric ozone is understood much better, but the problem is still with us, and desirable levels are difficult to achieve over continental Europe.
The heterogeneous chemistry that is responsible for ozone depletion in the stratosphere is now reasonably clear, but there is on-going interest in the sources and sinks of CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) replacements in the troposphere. There is also increasing interest in indoor air quality, and the origin and health implications of atmospheric particles. Perhaps most important on a global perspective, intensive research has not yet determined the relationship between greenhouse gases, aerosols and surface temperature. The climactic implications of these are now more urgent than ever.
This book, the first in the Developments in Environmental Science series, consists of a collection of authoritative reviews and essays on the science and application of air pollution research at the start of this new century.

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J. Austin, P. Brimblecombe, W.T. Sturges

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Air Pollution, Global Change and Forests in the New Millennium

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The chapters in this book present a snapshot of the state of knowledge of air pollution effects at the beginning of the 21st century.  From their different disciplines, a distinguished collection of authors document their understanding of how leaves, trees, and forests respond to air pollutants and climate change.  Scenarios of global change and air pollution are described.  The authors describe responses of forests to climate variability, tropospheric ozone, rising atmospheric CO2, the combination of CO2 and ozone, and deposition of acidic compounds and heavy metals.  The responses to ozone receive particular attention because of increasing concern about its damaging effects and increasing concentrations in rural areas.  Scaling issues are addressed - from leaves to trees, from juvenile trees to mature trees, from short-term responses to long-term responses, and from small-scale experiments and observations to large-scale forest ecosystems. <p>This book is one major product of a conference sponsored by the International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, the USDA Forest Service Global Change Northern Stations Program, the Arthur Ross Foundation, NCASI, the Canadian Forest Service, and Michigan Technological University. The conference, held in May 2000 in Houghton, Michigan, USA, was appropriately titled "Air Pollution, Global Change, and Forests in the New Millennium".  The Editors, David Karnosky, Kevin Percy, Art Chappelka, Caroline Simpson, and Janet Pikkarainen organized the conference and edited this book.

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D.F. Karnosky, Kevin E Percy, A.H. Chappelka, C. Simpson, J. Pikkarainen

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Air Bubble Entrainment in Free-Surface Turbulent Shear Flows

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This book develops an analysis of the air entrainment processes in free-surface flows. These flows are investigated as homogeneous mixtures with variable density. Several types of air-water free-surface flows are studied: plunging jet flows, open channel flows, and turbulent water jets discharging into air. Experimental observations reported by the author confirm the concept that the air-water mixture behaves as a homogeneous compressible fluid in each case. This book will be of great interest to professionals working in many fields of engineering: chemical, civil, environmental, mechanical, mining, metallurgy, and nuclear. Covers new information on the air-water flow field: air bubble distributions, air-water velocity profiles, air bubble sizes and bubble-turbulence interactions Features new analysis is developed for each flow configuration and compared successfully with model and prototype data Includes over 372 references and more than 170 figures with over 60 photographs Presents useful information for design engineers and research-and-development scientists who require a better understanding of the fluid mechanics of air-water flows

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Advances in Geophysics Volume 45 presents two main topics of noted interest to the geophysical community. The first topic is ice particles in the atmosphere. Mathematical descriptions of ice particle shapes, their growth rates, and their influence on cloud development are presented. The second topic is earthquakes and seismological mapping. The authors present their research involving predicting the location and intensity of earthquakes.

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This series provides a venue for longer reviews of current advances in geophysics.  Written at a level accessible to graduate students, the articles serve to broaden knowledge of various fields and may be useful in courses and seminars.

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Advances in Computers remains at the forefront in presenting the new developments in the ever-changing field of information technology. Since 1960, Advances in Computers has chronicled the constantly shifting theories and methods of this technology that greatly shape our lives today.

Volume 56 presents eight chapters that describe how the software, hardware and applications of computers are changing the use of computers during the early part of the 21st century: Software Evolution and the Staged Model of the Software Lifecycle; Embedded Software; Empirical Studies of Quality Models in Object-Oriented Systems; Software Fault Prevention by Language Choice; Quantum computing and communication; Exception Handling; Breaking the Robustness Barrier: Recent Progress on the Design of Robust Multimodal Systems; Using Data Mining to Discover the Preferences of Computer Criminals.

As the longest-running continuous serial on computers, Advances in Computers presents technologies that will affect the industry in the years to come, covering hot topics from fundamentals to applications. Additionally, readers benefit from contributions of both academic and industry professionals of the highest caliber.
Software Evolution and the Staged Model of the Software Lifecycle Embedded Software Empirical Studies of Quality Models in Object-Oriented Systems Software Fault Prevention by Language Choice Quantum computing and communication Exception Handling Breaking the Robustness Barrier: Recent Progress on the Design of Robust Multimodal Systems Using Data Mining to Discover the Preferences of Computer Criminals

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This set of proceedings is based on the International Conference on Advances in Building Technology in Hong Kong on 4-6 December 2002.  The two volumes of proceedings contain 9 invited keynote papers, 72 papers delivered by 11 teams , and 133 contributed papers from over 20 countries around the world.  The papers cover a wide spectrum of topics across the three technology sub-themes of structures and construction, environment,  and information technology.  The variety within these categories spans a width of topics, and these proceedings provide readers with a good general overview of recent advances in building research.<br>

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Volume 54 presents six chapters on the changing face of software engineering-the process by which we build reliable software systems. We are constantly building faster and less expensive processors, which allow us to use different processes to try and conquer the "bug" problem facing all developments-how to build reliable systems with few errors at low or at least manageable cost. The first three chapters of this volume emphasize components and the impact that object-oriented design is having on the program development process (a current "hot topic"). The final three chapters present additional aspects of the software development process, including maintenance, purchasing strategies, and secure outsourcing of scientific computations.

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Mechanics is defined as a branch of physics that focuses on motion and
the reaction of physical systems to internal and external forces.

This highly acclaimed series provides survey articles on the present state and future direction of research in important branches of applied solid and fluid mechanics.

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Erik van der Giessen, Hassan Aref, Theodore Y. Wu

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Based on the Institute of Concrete Technology's advanced course, this new four volume series is a comprehensive educational and reference resource for the concrete materials technologist.

An expert international team of authors from research, academia and industry has been brought together to produce this unique reference source. Each volume deals with different aspects of the properties, composition, uses and testing of concrete. With worked examples, case studies and illustrations throughout, this series will be a key reference for the concrete specialist for years to come.
Expert international authorship ensures the series is authoritative Case studies and worked examples help the reader apply their knowledge to practice Comprehensive coverage of the subject gives the reader all the necessary reference material

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Advanced Catalysts and Nanostructured Materials

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The time has come for an assessment of the most important techniques for the fabrication of advanced catalysts. Catalyst production alone is more than a billion dollar business each year, and the product value of chemical processes using advanced catalysts is a few trillion dollars annually. This book seeks to provide a modern, materials science account of the best and most current techniques for the synthesis of advanced catalytic materials.

Until now, there has been no single book which contains a definitive and comprehensive description of the important technologies for catalyst synthesis within the context of modern materials science. Academic researchers both in the catalytic sciences and materials sciences must have the best synthesis technologies available to accomplish the preparation of solid-state materials of specific structure and morphology. Althugh the emphasis is on new synthetic techniques for catalytic applications, the bookpresents all of the important technologies for the fabrication of electronic and structural ceramics, and superconductors.
Novel Techniques for Advanced Materials Nanostructured Materials Synthesis Mesoporous Molecular Sieves Pillared Clays Heteropoly Acids Nanostructured Supported Metal Catalysts Nanostructured Metal Oxide Catalysts and Materials Nanostructured Zeolite Materials Vapor Phase Materials Synthesis Sonochemical Materials Synthesis Aerosol Methods of Catalyst Synthesis Hydrodynamic Cavitational Techniques for Catalyst and Materials Synthesis Novel Sol-Gel Methods for Catalyst Synthesis Supercritical Methods for Materials Synthesis Liquid Crystal Techniques for Mesoporous Materials Micelle Techniques for Nanostructured Catalyst Preparation Fluidized Bed Techniques in Chemical Vapor Deposition Flame Methods of Advanced Catalyst Synthesis

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This highly acclaimed series provides survey articles on the present state and future direction of research in important branches of applied solid and fluid mechanics.Mechanics is defined as a branch of physics that focuses on motion and on the reaction of physical systems to internal and external forces.

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Rapid evolution is taking place in the water market world wide - driven by increased consumer demand allied to the rarefraction of clean water. The inherent characteristics of composites materials associated with current materials and production technology is allowing the increased use of previously high cost materials and processes at ever decreasing costs.
The Handbook is designed to bring specifiers up to speed with these materials and the new areas of application associated with them, exploring the scope, performance, cost effectiveness and environmental and legislative consequences of their use.

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Advances in Steel Structures (ICASS '99)

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These two volumes of proceedings contain 9 invited keynote papers and 126 contributed papers to be presented at the Second International Conference on Advances in Steel Structures held on 15-17 December 1999 in Hong Kong. The conference is a sequel to the International Conference on Advances in Steel Structures held in Hong Kong in December 1996. The conference will provide a forum for discussion and dissemination by researchers and designers of recent advances in the analysis, behaviour, design and construction of steel structures. The papers to be presented at the conference cover a wide spectrum of topics and were contributed from over 15 countries around the world. They report the current state-of-the art and point to future directions of structural steel research.

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Advances in Magnetic and Optical Resonance

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Since 1965, Advances in Magnetic and Optical Resonance has provided researchers with timely expositions of fundamental new developments in the theory of, experimentation with, and application of magnetic and optical resonance.

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Fourth International Conference on Advances in Steel Structures

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This two volume proceedings contains 11 invited keynote papers, 33 invited papers, and 225 contributed papers presented at the Fourth International Conference on Advances in Steel Structures (ICASS '05) held on 13-15 June 2005 in Shanghai, China. ICASS provides a forum for discussion and dissemination by researchers and designers of recent advances in the analysis, behaviour, design and construction of steel structures. Contributions to the papers came from 22 countries around the world and cover a wide spectrum of topics including: Constructional Steel, Hybrid Structures, Nonferrous Metals, Analysis of Beams and Columns, Computations, Frames, Design, Space Structures, Fabrication, along with a variety of other key subjects presented at the conference.

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Z Y Shen, G.Q. Li, Y.Y. Chen, Q.L. Zhang, S.L. Chan