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This volume emphasizes the fundamentals and mechanisms giving rise to flow-induced vibration of use to researchers, designers, and operators. FluidStructure Interactions provides useful problem-solving tools, and conveys the ideas in a physically comprehensible manner. The book includes a complete bibliography of important work in the field.

. The Non-linear behaviour of Fluid-Structure
interactions
. The possible existence of chaotic oscillations
. The use of this area as a model to demonstrate
new mathematical techniques

This book will prove invaluable to researchers, practitioners, and students in fluid-structure interactions, flow-induced vibrations, and dynamics and vibrations.

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The sixth editions of these seminal books deliver the most up to date and comprehensive reference yet on the finite element method for all engineers and mathematicians. Renowned for their scope, range and authority, the new editions have been significantly developed in terms of both contents and scope. Each book is now complete in its own right and provides self-contained reference; used together they provide a formidable resource covering the theory and the application of the universally used FEM. Written by the leading professors in their fields, the three books cover the basis of the method, its application to solid mechanics and to fluid dynamics.

* This is THE classic finite element method set, by two the subject's leading authors * FEM is a constantly developing subject, and any professional or student of engineering involved in understanding the computational modelling of physical systems will inevitably use the techniques in these books * Fully up-to-date; ideal for teaching and reference

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Jon Varteresian is owner of JV Enterprises, a company specializing in the design and manufacture of printed circuit boards. He offers numerous tips and techniques from his years of experience that guarantee a smooth and painless PC board design and fabrication process using his step by step approach. Numerous illustrations and photographs demonstrate each step of the process. Topics covered in the book include: safety issues, schematic capture, circuit placement and routing, making printed circuit boards, and plans for projects. An extensive resource list and glossary are also provided.

*Gives a complete overview of the printed circuit board design process*Describes how to produce printed circuit boards in small quantities (ideal for prototypes), with an emphasis on safety*Author is owner a company specializing in the design and manufacture of printed circuit boards

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This volume represents a selection of papers presented at the Third International Symposium on Fatigue Design, Fatigue Design 1998, held in Espoo, Finland, 26-29 May, 1998.

One objective of this symposium series was to help bridge the gap that sometimes exists between researchers and engineers responsible for designing components against fatigue failure. The 21 selected papers provide an up-to-date survey of engineering practice and a preview of design methods that are advancing toward application.
Reliability was selected as a key theme for FD'98. During the design of components and structures, it is not sufficient to combine mean material properties, average usage parameters, and pre-selected safety factors. The engineer must also consider potential scatter in material properties, different end users, manufacturing tolerances and uncertainties in fatigue damage models. Judgement must also be made about the consequences of potential failure and the required degree of reliability for the structure or component during its service life.
Approaches to ensuring reliability may vary greatly depending on the structure being designed. Papers in this volume intentionally provide a multidisciplinary perspective on the issue. Authors represent the ground vehicle, heavy equipment, power generation, ship building and other industries. Identical solutions cannot be used in all cases because design methods must always provide a balance between accuracy and simplicity. The point of balance will shift depending on the type of input data available and the component being considered.

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This volume contains a selection of papers presented at Fatigue Design 95 held in Helsinki, Finland from 5-8 September 1995. The papers have been peer reviewed and present practical aspects for the design of components and structures to avoid fatigue failure. <br>Topics covered include: fatigue design experiences, ground vehicle components, component reliability, multiaxial fatigue, notch analysis, service loading, welded structures, probabilistics aspects in fatigue, fatigue design optimization.

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As more and more equipment is interface or'bus' driven, either by the use of controllers or directly from PCs, the question of which bus to use is becoming increasingly important both in industry and in the office. 'Computer Busses' has been designed to help choose the best type of bus for the particular application.

There are several books which cover individual busses, but none which provide a complete guide to computer busses. The author provides a basic theory of busses and draws examples and applications from real bus case studies. Busses are analysed using from a top-down approach, helping the undergraduate electrical or computer engineer to chose the right type of bus for their particular application. This book is essential reading for students of software engineering and electronic design, as well as for those working in disciplines such as production engineering or process control. It will also be a handy reference book for professional engineers, systems designers, consultants and those working in technical support.
Provides a complete guide to computer busses Contains application-specific programme examples Plenty of real-life case studies

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Surface science has a wide range of applications that include semiconductor processing, catalysis, vacuum technology, microelectronics, flat-panel displays, compact disks, televisions, computers, environmental monitoring of pollutants, biomaterials, artificial joints, soft tissues, food safety, pharmacy, and many more.This volume is intended for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in universities, individual research groups and researchers working on surfaces of materials. It is of interest to chemists, solid-state physists, materials scientists, surface chemists, polymer scientists, electrical engineers, chemical engineers, and everyone involved in materials science.

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"Cavity-Enhanced Spectroscopy" discusses the use of optical resonators and lasers to make sensitive spectroscopic measurements. This volume is written by the researcchers who pioneered these methods. The book reviews both the theory and practice behind these spectroscopic tools and discusses the scientific discoveries uncovered by these techniques. It begins with a chapter on the use of optical resonators for frequency stabilization of lasers, which is followed by in-depth chapters discussing cavity ring-down spectroscopy, frequency-modulated, cavity-enhanced spectroscopy, intracavity spectroscopies, microresonators and cavity-enhanced comb filters. This book is aimed towards a reader with a background in optics and spectroscopy, but who is unfamiliar with the methods discussed in the book.

*Practical implementation informationComprehensive review of cavity-enhanced methods*Written by the researchers who pioneered these spectroscopies*Discusses cavity-enhanced optical instrumentationReviews scientific discoveries unearthed using these methods

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Modern Acoustical Techniques for the Measurement of Mechanical Properties

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This volume provides an overview of modern acoustical techniques for the measurement of mechanical properties.  Chapters include Fundamentals of Elastic Constants; Point Source/Point Receiver Methods; Laser Controlled Surface Acoustic Waves; Quantitative Acoustical Microscopy of Solids; Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy; Elastic Properties and Thermodynamics; Sound Speed as a Thermodynamic Property of Fluids; Noninvasive Determination of Sound Speed in Liquids; Introduction to the Elastic Constants of Gases; and Acoustic Measurement in Gases.

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Magnetic Imaging and Its Applications to Materials

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Volume 36 provides an extensive introduction to magnetic imaging,including theory and practice,  utilizing a wide range of magnetic sensitive imaging methods.  It also illustrates the applications of these modern experimental techniques together with imaging calculations to today's advanced magnetic materials.  This book is geared towards the upper-level undergraduate students and entry-level graduate students majoring in physics or materials science who are interested in magnetic structure and magnetic imaging.  Researchers involved in studying magnetic materials should also<br>find the book useful as it consistently summarizes the recent progress in this field.   The book covers today's most advanced magnetic imaging techniques, comprehensively written with about 150 figures and more than 300 references to the scientific literature

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Characterization of Amorphous and Crystalline Rough Surface -- Principles and Applications

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The structure of a growth or an etch front on a surface is not only a subject of great interest from the practical point of view but also is of fundamental scientific interest. Very often surfaces are created under non-equilibrium conditions such that the morphology is not always smooth.

In addition to a detailed description of the characteristics of random rough surfaces, Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences, Volume 37, Characterization of Amorphous and Crystalline Rough Surface-Principles and Applications will focus on the basic principles of real and diffraction techniques for quantitative characterization of the rough surfaces. The book thus includes the latest development on the characterization and measurements of a wide variety of rough surfaces. The complementary nature of the real space and diffraction techniques is fully displayed.

Key Features
* An accessible description of quantitative characterization of random rough surfaces and growth/etch fronts
* A detailed description of the principles, experimentation, and limitations of advanced real-space imaging techniques (such as atomic force microscopy) and diffraction techniques (such as light scattering, X-ray diffraction, and electron diffraction)
* Characterization of a variety of rough surfaces (e.g., self-affine, mounded, anisotropic, and two-level surfaces) accompanied by quantitative examples to illustrate the essence of the principles
* An insightful description of how rough surfaces are formed
* Presentation of the most recent examples of the applications of rough surfaces in various areas

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Yiping Zhao, Gwo-Ching Wang, Toh-Ming Lu

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The past decade has seen major advances in the cloning of genes encoding enzymes of plant secondary metabolism. This has been further enhanced by the recent project on the sequencing of the Arabidopsis genome. These developments provide the molecular genetic basis to address the question of the Evolution of Metabolic Pathways.  This volume provides in-depth reviews of our current knowledge on the evolutionary origin of plant secondary metabolites and the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis. The chapters cover five major topics: 1. Role of secondary metabolites in evolution; 2. Evolutionary origins of polyketides and terpenes; 3. Roles of oxidative reactions in the evolution of secondary metabolism; 4. Evolutionary origin of substitution reactions: acylation, glycosylation and methylation; and 5. Biochemistry and molecular biology of brassinosteroids.<br>

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R. Ibrahim, L. Varin, V. De Luca, John Romeo

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Environmental Policy in an International Context

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The three volumes of Environmental Policy in an International Context have been developed by the Dutch and UK Open Universities as part of the International Environmental Series. They accompany a workbook and six videos. The first volume takes a critical and analytical look at contemporary environmental issues built around the key questions - what are international and environmental problems; and why have they become important politically? These questions are examined from a variety of viewpoints - science, sociology, politics, law and economics. A multi-disciplinary approach is emphasised and it shows how both technical and scientific solutions need to be sought alongside<br>

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Ergonomics Guidelines and Problem Solving

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There is an urgent need to disseminate ergonomics "know-how" to the work place. This book meets that need by providing clear guidelines and problem solving recommendations to assist the practitioner in decisions that directly protect the health, safety and well-being of the worker.

The guidelines have evolved from a series of symposia on Ergonomic Guidelines and Problem Solving. Initially experts in each area selected were asked to write draft guidelines. These guidelines were circulated to participants at the symposia and to other experts for review before being comprehensively revised. In some instances these guidelines cannot be considered complete but it is important now to put some recommendations forward as guidelines. It is hoped that as new research emerges each guideline will be updated.

Each guideline has been divided into two parts. Part I contains the guidelines for the practitioner and Part II provides the scientific basis or the knowledge for the guide. Such separation of the applied and theoretical content was designed to facilitate rapid incorporation of the guide into practice.

The target audience for this book is the practitioner. The practitioner may be a manager, production system designer, shop supervisor, occupational health and safety professional, union representative, labor inspector or production engineer. For each of the guidelines, relevant practitioners are described.

Topics covered include work space design, tool design, work-rest schedules, illumination and maintenance.

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Environmental Policy in an International Context

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Volume two considers major environmental issues using individual case studies from around the world as illustrations. These case studies explore the causes of international environmental issues and investigate the conflicts that hamper these solutions. The case studies address such problems as intensive farming, overpopulation, deforestation, climate change and waste disposal. Each case study also looks at policy and management of these international environmental issues. The case studies span the globe, encompassing the Western world as well as the former Eastern Bloc and developing countries in Africa and South East Asia. A critical and analytical look at contemporary environmental issues Aimed to provide a body of knowledge to social and natural scientists A multi-disciplinary approach

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This thought-provoking and ambitious volume surveys the causes and extent of environmental contamination in Antarctica, and looks critically at future prospects. It highlights the key role that modern techniques of analytical chemistry play in achieving reliable empirical data in this field and their impact on shaping legal provisions.

Written by prominent scientists and experts in Antarctic sciences, this work gives an overview of the studies undertaken by countries to assess the impact of pollution phenomena on the uniquely clean environment of Antarctica. Empirical studies and regulatory issues are evaluated in context with the goal of providing a model approach to more polluted areas of the world.

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Environmental Policy in an International Context

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This volume examines the environmental issues currently under debate in the international arena. The text approaches the topic at a conceptual level, and from an interdisciplinary viewpoint. It analyses the roles of key players in environmental policy, the nation state, non-governmental organizations and the business community. It continues with an examination of the importance of international relations (trade, east, west, north, south), and goes on to consider the prospects for sustainable development and social changes required for sustainable development to become a reality.

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Fundamentals and Applications in Pollution Sensors and Abatement

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The first book of its kind, Environmental Electrochemistry considers the role that electrochemical science and engineering can play in environmental remediation, pollution targeting, and pollutant recycling. Electrochemical-based sensors and abatement technologies for the detection, quantification, and treatment of environmental pollutants are described. Each chapter includes an extensive listing of supplemental readings, with illustrations throughout the bookto clarify principles and approaches detailed in the text. The first book to review electro- and photoelectrochemical technologies for environmental remediation, pollution sensors and pollutant recycling Applicable to a broad audience of environmental scientists and practicing electrochemists Includes both laboratory concepts and practical applications

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Complex environmental problems are often reduced to an inappropriate level of simplicity. While this book does not seek to present a comprehensive scientific and technical coverage of all aspects of the subject matter, it makes the issues, ideas, and language of environmental engineering accessible and understandable to the nontechnical reader.
Improvements introduced in the fourth edition include a complete rewrite of the chapters dealing with risk assessment and ethics, the introduction of new theories of radiation damage, inclusion of environmental disasters like Chernobyl and Bhopal, and general updating of all the content, specifically that on radioactive waste.

Since this book was first published in 1972, several generations of students have become environmentally aware and conscious of their responsibilities to the planet earth. Many of these environmental pioneers are now teaching in colleges and universities, and have in their classes students with the same sense of dedication and resolve that they themselves brought to the discipline. In those days, it was sometimes difficult to explain what indeed environmental science or engineering was, and why the development of these fields was so important to the future of the earth and to human civilization. Today there is no question that the human species has the capability of destroying its collective home, and that we have indeed taken major steps toward doing exactly that.

And yet, while, a lot has changed in a generation, much has not. We still have air pollution; we still contaminate our water supplies; we still dispose of hazardous materials improperly; we still destroy natural habitats as if no other species mattered. And worst of all, we still continue to populate the earth at an alarming rate. There is still a need for this book, and for the college and university courses that use it as a text, and perhaps this need is more acute now than it was several decades ago.

Although the battle to preserve the environment is still raging, some of the rules have changed. We now must take into account risk to humans, and be able to manipulate concepts of risk management. With increasing population, and fewer alternatives to waste disposal, this problem is intensified. Environmental laws have changed, and will no doubt continue to evolve. Attitudes toward the environment are often couched in what has become known as the environmental ethic. Finally, the environmental movement has become powerful politically, and environmentalism can be made to serve a political agenda.

In revising this book, we have attempted to incorporate the evolving nature of environmental sciences and engineering by adding chapters as necessary and eliminating material that is less germane to today's students. We have nevertheless maintained the essential feature of this book -- to package the more important aspects of environmental engineering science and technology in an organized manner and present this mainly technical material to a nonengineering audience.

This book has been used as a text in courses which require no prerequisites, although a high school knowledge of chemistry is important. A knowledge of college level algebra is also useful, but calculus is not required for the understanding of the technical and scientific concepts.

We do not intend for this book to be scientifically and technically complete. In fact, many complex environmental problems have been simplified to the threshold of pain for many engineers and scientists. Our objective, however, is not to impress nontechnical students with the rigors and complexities of pollution control technology but rather to make some of the language and ideas of environmental engineering and science more understandable.

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J. Jeffrey Peirce, P Aarne Vesilind, Ruth Weiner

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Policy-makers and the public, it has famously been said, are more interested in the possibility of non-linear dislocations and surprises in the behaviour of the environment than in smooth extrapolations of current trends. The International Task Force in Forecasting Environmental Change (1993-1998) dedicated its work to developing procedures of model building capable of addressing our palpable concerns for substantial change in the future. This volume discusses the immense challenges that such structural change presents - that the behaviour of the environment may become radically different from that observed in the past - and investigates the potentially profound implications for model development.
Drawing upon case histories from the Great Lakes, acidic atmospheric deposition and, among others, the urban ozone problem, this discourse responds to a new agenda of questions. For example: "What system of 'radar' might we design to detect threats to the environment lying just beyond the 'horizon'?" and "Are the seeds of structural change identifiable within the record of the recent past?"
Meticulously researched by leading environmental modellers, this milestone volume engages vigorously with its subject and offers an animated account of how models can begin to take into consideration the significant threats and uncertainties posed by structural change.