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Biochemistry of Vision provides information pertinent to vision biochemistry. This book discusses the biochemical information derived primarily from studies on nonocular tissues and describes the biochemical reactions related to the function of the retina and pigmented epithelium.  Organized into 16 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the visual system and the structure of the vertebrate eye. The text then proceeds with a discussion of photoreceptor, which has a highly membranous structure. Other chapters cover a brief discussion of several topics, including biomembranes, photochemistry, spectral properties of retinal isomers, and the photochemical properties of the chromophore of rhodopsin. This book discusses as well the properties and intramembrane disposition of rhodopsin. The final chapter deals with the biochemistry of photoreceptor disorders and summarizes the basic knowledge on neurotransmitters and electrophysiology in the retina.  This book is intended for ophthalmologists and medical students who are interested in the molecular aspects of photoreceptor diseases.

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Network Re-Engineering: Foundations of Enterprise Computing deals with the aspects of an organization's information systems and communications assets. This book reviews the foundations of enterprise computing including servers, client/server computing, local area networks, user interfaces, and emerging cross-platform development. The coverage of an enterprise computing system needs efficient communication facilities over which interoperability and information sharing devices can operate. This text explains the basic technologies and services that an enterprise computing environment requires: protocol stacks, communications technologies, fundamental interoperability. For example, electronic mail must conform to the CCITTX.400 specifications. Electronic mail systems include message handling, message typing or protocols, naming and addressing, and distribution lists. The book discusses two types of architectures for enterprise computing, namely, the OSE/1 APP and the CA09s. This text also notes that developing enterprise-class applications can be either through a direct development that meet the requirements of the enterprise or through migration of an existing system to a new one. This book can prove useful for programmers, systems officers, computer engineering instructors, and advanced students in computer science.

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Chemisorption and Magnetization focuses on particle size determination and on the number of adsorbent atoms affected when any molecule is adsorbed on a surface. This book examines the adsorption of a molecule on the surface of a ferromagnetic solid that produces a change in the magnetization of the solid.  Organized into 12 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the experimental methods used for studying chemisorption and magnetization, which are applicable in granulometry. This text then discusses the measurement of saturation magnetization in a ferromagnetic substance in the form of small particles. Other chapters consider the conditions in a typical nickelasilica hydrogenation catalyst. This text examines as well the magnetization at moderate fields and near room temperature. The final chapter deals with the properties and complexities of palladium, platinum, and nickel.  Students and researchers interested in heterogeneous catalysis and related areas will find this book extremely useful.

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Mobile Genetic Elements introduces the nonspecialist to the biology and genetics of mobile elements. It attempts to make the biochemistry of DNA rearrangements more accessible to embryologists and evolutionists, and to illuminate the related developmental cycles to the biochemist. The book also shows how natural the activity of mobile elements can be in diverse biological situations. The chapters describe several well-studied cases in which genetic determinantsoften identified as specific nucleic acid sequencesrepeatedly change their positions within or between cellular genomes. Because their genomic positions are not fixed, these determinants may conveniently be classed together under the rubric of mobile genetic elements.   The book begins with a discussion of maize controlling elements. This is followed by separate chapters on the bacteriophages ? and Mu; nonviral mobile elements in bacteria; transposable Ty elements in brewer's yeast; Drosophila transposable element; and hybrid dysgenesis. Subsequent chapters cover vertebrate retroviruses; Agrobacterium oncogenesis in plants; flagellar phase variation in Salmonella; yeast mating type; and surface antigenic variation in trypanosomes.

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Hydronautics focuses on the major scientific and engineering disciplines related to ocean technology. This book provides information pertinent to the development of offshore oil production.  Organized into seven chapters, this book starts with an overview of the basic description of the primary ocean resources, and then proceeds with a discussion of the ocean environment, which is the major field of the various branches of oceanology. This text then explores the technical detail on marine vehicle systems, including the state-of the-art on ships, platforms, submersibles. Other chapters discuss the ocean dynamics, including waves, current, and coastal waters. This book explores as well the discipline of navigation, underwater navigation, and the general characteristics of navigation systems. The final chapter deals with policy planning, with emphasis on the basic principles needed for policy decisions and the role of government in this field.  This book is a valuable resource for marine scientists and marine engineers.

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The Physiological Ecology of Tunas documents the proceedings of the Tuna Physiology Workshop held at the National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Center at La JoDa, California, January 10-15, 1977. The contributions made by researchers at the workshop are organized into seven chapters. The first chapter includes studies on the morphological diversity and muscle-tissue-specific enzymatic attributes of scombrids. Papers in the second chapter deal with the integrated aspects of tuna behavior and capabilities that result from their complex cardiovascular system. The third chapter contains studies on skipjack tuna white muscle and the locomotor muscles of Scomber and Katsuwonus. The fourth chapter focuses on the thermal biology of tunas while the fifth chapter examines the hydromechanics of tuna propulsion. The sixth chapter provides information on energetic costs of tunas, and observations on physiological demands and correlates. It culminates with a conceptual model for the complex life cycle of the extant "ultimate tuna," the Atlantic bluefin tuna. The seventh chapter discusses applications of tuna physiology studies.

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Biological Applications of Magnetic Resonance

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Biological Applications of Magnetic Resonance discusses various applications of magnetic resonance techniques. The book's opening chapter examines the exchange behavior of the hydrogen-bonded protons and its influence on their nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. This is followed by separate chapters dealing with NMR studies of nucleic acid and drug-nucleic acid complexes. Aspects of the basic theory of the nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) are presented, along with applications of NOEs observed for protons in biomolecules. Subsequent chapters cover specialized EPR techniques that have been applied to biological problems; the use of physical methods to refine a model of the combing site of the Fv fragment of protein 315; and the utility of model compounds in the analysis of hemoprotein NMR spectra. The remaining chapters discuss serine proteinases that have been investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; the use of NMR in the study of intact living tissue and organs; and 31P and 13C NMR studies of E. coli cells.

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Manganese in Metabolism and Enzyme Function

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Manganese in Metabolism and Enzyme Function provides an understanding of the various biological roles of the trace levels of manganese found in mammalian systems. This text discusses the nutritional aspects of manganese in mammals.  This book is organized into three sections encompassing 19 chapters. Section I discusses the effects of manganese deficiency, including abnormal pancreatic action and reduced pancreatic manganese in humans and laboratory animals. This text considers the criteria for adding manganese to infant formulas that are commercially available. Section II explores the effects of Mn(II) in protein kinases, protein phosphatases, and other enzymes. The reader is introduced to the electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic probes of manganese function. Other chapters discuss the extrinsic tag technique used to study the bioavailability of trace elements, such as iron and zinc. Finally, Section III examines the biophysical, biochemical, and physiological properties and uses of manganese.  Nutritionists, toxicologists, scientists, and researchers will find this book extremely useful.

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Marine Natural Products: Chemical and Biological Perspectives, Volume III, reviews the state of knowledge in the chemistry and biology of marine natural products. It attempts to bring together timely and critical reviews that are representative of major current researches and that, hopefully, will also foreshadow future trends.   The volume's first chapter discusses separation techniques, including liquid-liquid extraction, membrane separation, chromatography, capillary gas chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. This is followed by a chapter on amino acids that have been isolated from marine algae. Kainic acid, for instance, is a well-established ascaricide that was isolated from a red alga that had been known as an anthelmintic for a thousand years. Only recently, however, has it been recognized as a valuable tool in neurophy sinology. Subsequent chapters deal with nitrogenous pigments in marine invertebrates; and the phenomenon of bioluminescence, which is relatively rare among terrestrial organisms, but which is widespread among marine biota.

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The Molecular Basis of Electron Transport

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The Molecular Basis of Electron Transport presents the proceedings of the Miami Winter Symposia, held in Miami, Florida, on January 1314, 1972. This book focuses on the development of the mitochondrial electron transport system by a symbiotic relationship of some bacteria with the cell.  Comprised of 15 chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the structure and function of mitochondria. This book then explains all of the major categories of mitochondrial phenomena and provides the detailed molecular mechanism for mitochondrial energy coupling. Other chapters discuss the five postulates of the electromechanochemical model, including the super molecule concept, the principle of electromechanochemical energy transduction, conformon coupling, field-induced generation of the linkage system, and the de facto unit of mitochondrial control. Finally, the reader is introduced to the liver microsomal enzyme system, which catalyzes the hydroxylation of a variety of drugs, hydrocarbons, and fatty acids.  Biologists, molecular biologists, and biochemists will find this book extremely useful.

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Azides and Nitrenes: Reactivity and Utility provides information pertinent to the fundamentals aspects of the chemistry of azides and nitrenes. This book discusses the mechanism and synthetic applications of alkyl azides.  Organized into 10 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the properties and chemistry of alkyl azides and alkylnitrenes. This text then examines the various pathways to the preparation of vinyl azides. Other chapters consider the magnetic resonance spectrum of phenyl azide, which may be taken as a representative to which more complex examples can be related. This book discusses as well the acyl azides and acylnitrenes that have their nitrogen function attached to electron-withdrawing groups not possessing a heteroatom bearing an unshared electron pair next to the nitrogen function. The final chapter deals with the main uses for organic azides involved in photochemical cross-linking of polymeric systems.  This book is a valuable resource for chemists, spectroscopists, and theoreticians.

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Energy Conservation Through Control provides information pertinent to energy-conserving control systems, which is relevant to efficient plant operations. This book discusses the processes involving energy conversion and examines the laws of thermodynamics.  Organized into four parts encompassing nine chapters, this book starts with an overview of the first law of thermodynamics, which emphasizes that energy is naturally conserved in any isolated system. This text then explores the various aspects of combustion, which includes air pollution control, controlling airflow, and controlling fuel flow. Other chapters describe the common refrigeration systems and examine the factors affecting their performance. This book discusses as well the importance of refrigeration systems in industrial processing and to air-condition buildings. The final chapter deals with the general features and control problems in energy conservation in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system.  Plant designers, control engineers, power plant operators, and industrial managers will find this book extremely useful.

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Diffraction from Materials provides the basic information concerning crystal symmetry, the kinematic scattering theory, as well as the physical properties of x-rays, electrons, and neurons. This book explores the crystalline nature of metals, semiconductors, and insulators.  Organized into eight chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the basic ideas associated with the arrangements of atoms in crystals to help readers understand why diffraction studies are useful in learning about crystals. This book considers the analytical and geometrical methods to represent the symmetry relationships for the atoms in crystals. Other chapters examine the production of radiation suitable for diffraction from materials. The final chapter examines the various techniques for x-ray topography, including the Schulz technique, the Guinier and Tennevin technique, and the BergBarret method.  This book is a valuable resource for electrical, civil, mechanical, and chemical engineers. This text will also be useful to materials scientists, chemists, biologists, and physicists.

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Mobilization and Reassembly of Genetic Information

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Mobilization and Reassembly of Genetic Information documents the proceedings of the Miami Winter Symposium, sponsored by the Department of Biochemistry, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, January 1970. This volume is the 17th in the ""Miami Winter Symposia"" series. Topics for the Miami Winter Symposia focus on areas of biochemistry in which recent progress offers new insights into the molecular basis of biological phenomena.

The manuscripts presented by researchers at the symposium cover a wide range of topics including modified gene expressions induced by transposable elements; regulation of tn3 transposition and specificity of its insertion sites; the fusion of DNA molecules and genetic recombination; and control of cell type in yeast by genetic cassettes. Subsequent chapters include studies such as stable and unstable expression of genes in DNA transformed cells; transposable elements in the Drosophila genome; the genesis of avian retrovirus oncogenes; synthesis and processing of the mouse globin mRNA precursor; and type C virus expression in human placenta.

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Chemistry and Biological Activities of Bacterial Surface Amphiphiles

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Chemistry and Biological Activities of Bacterial Surface Amphiphiles is a collection of papers presented at a workshop entitled Chemistry and Biological Activities of Bacterial Surface Amphiphiles, held in New Orleans, Louisiana, January 12, 1981. The goals of the workshop were to review the state of knowledge of bacterial amphiphiles; to consider and possibly standardize approaches to testing for biological activities of amphiphiles; to set guidelines for criteria of purity of amphiphile preparations used in biological testing; to determine major future avenues in amphiphile research; and to foster future cooperative research in the field.   The book is organized into eight parts. Part I contains papers on the chemical composition and biological properties of bacterial amphiphiles. Part II presents studies on the extraction and purification of amphiphiles. The papers in Part III focus on the detection and quantitation of bacterial amphiphiles. Part IV presents studies on the physical properties of bacterial amphiphiles. The contributions in Parts V and VI deal with the biosynthesis of amphiphiles and the role of amphiphiles in the producing organisms, respectively. Part VII examines interactions of bacterial amphiphiles with mammalian systems. Part VIII presents the final plenary session to the workshop, which reviewed areas of discussion that followed the formal presentations.

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The Biology of Frankia and Actinorhizal Plants

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The Biology of Frankia and Actinorhizal Plants provides a comprehensive review of Frankia and the actinorhizal plants. It reviews the state of knowledge on all aspects from molecular genetics through ecology to practical applications; describes methods used in research and practical applications; and is a guide to the literature.   The book begins with overviews of Frankia and the actinorhizal plants, and developments in the field prior to the first confirmed isolation of Frankia. Next is a series of authoritative chapters on the biology of Frankia, the symbiosis, and actinorhizal plants. Although methods used in research and in practical applications are included throughout the book, they are given special emphasis in the middle section. The final section of the book concerns the ecology and current and potential uses of actinorhizal plants in both the temperate regions and the tropics.   This work is intended as a reference text and handbook of methods for a wide audience including established workers and students of Frankia and actinorhizal plants, specialists and students in other areas of nitrogen fixation (including the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis), soil microbiologists, plant physiologists, ecologists, general biologists, foresters, specialists in land reclamation, and managers requiring an authoritative overview of this rapidly developing field.

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The Plasma State discusses the fundamental principles that describe plasma occurrence. The book reviews the plasma state, collisions, collisional processes, diffusion, mobility, Rutherford scattering, and the collision cross-section. The motion of isolated charged particles occurs in electrical, magnetic, or gravitational fields. During low plasma density and low background gas pressure, the collision frequency is also low. It is during this time that the single particle approach can be studied using a fundamental equation of motion. The text also discusses the problems encountered in the presence of extremely large numbers of particles, moving and interacting with one another. Other topics related to the statistics of collisions and fluid behavior are the collisionless Boltzmann equation, inclusion of collisional processes in statistical descriptions, and the "integrate out" of velocity dependence of the collisionless Boltzmann equation which gives a fluid model of a plasma. The book also describes the different acceleration processes, such as Coulomb collisions, electron or ion-neutral collisions, collective or wave phenomena, that all produce radiation. The text is suitable for students of physics, engineering, atomic physics.

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Input Devices, Volume 1, Computer Graphics: Technology and Applications focuses on the technologies used in equipment and systems for computer graphics and discusses the applications for which computer graphics is intended. This book explores the combinations of software and hardware that make up the operating systems.     Comprised of seven chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the popular examples of input devices that are used in computer graphics systems, including typewriter keyboard, the mouse and voice input, data input panels, digitzers, and touch input panels. This book then proceeds with a discussion of the general requirements for input devices. Other chapters consider the various panel input devices that are popular means of allowing the user to interface with the computer graphics system. The final chapter deals with voice input systems, which is a technique that has not fully achieved its potential.  This book is a valuable resource for designers and users of computer graphics equipment and systems.

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Current Research and Clinical Applications

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Coagulation: Current Research and Clinical Applications presents the proceedings of a symposium on Current Topics in Coagulation, held in Seattle, Washington on May 1819, 1972. This book discusses the advances in basic and applied science, with a focus on molecular biology and artificial organs.  Organized into four parts encompassing 13 chapters, this book examines the clinical laboratory problems related to coagulation. This text then reviews the significant developments in the field of blood coagulation, with a focus on soluble protein and other components of the coagulation process. Other chapters explore the threat of consumption coagulopathy, diagnosis, and management. This text also discusses the significant contributions of clinical medicine in unifying the concept of consumption coagulopathy or disseminated intravascular coagulation. The final chapter deals with affinity chromatography, which has been used extensively in biochemical research and the most specific purification procedure.  This book is a valuable resource to bioengineers, pathologists, and hematologists.

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Medicinal Chemistry: A Series of Monographs, Volume 13I explores the development in the treatment of some severely debilitating chronic inflammatory diseases, including arthritis, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, conjunctivitis, episcleritis, and uveitis. This volume examines the anti-inflammatory drugs used to alter the inflammatory response in diseases of unknown cause.  This book is comprised of two parts encompassing 11 chapters. Part I discusses the factors that cause the inflammation and explores the interaction of these causative agents with those therapies found to be clinically effective. This text also presents an illustrative classification of some debilitating inflammatory conditions and the available therapy. Part II explores the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents that are peripheral analgesics and anti-pyretic. Other chapters review colchicine and allopurinol as anti-inflammatory drugs for gout. Finally, this volume ends with a discussion on the anti-inflammatory activity of some proteolytic enzymes of vegetable, animal, fungal, and bacterial origin.  Physicians, chemists, and experimental biologists will find this book extremely useful.