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Newer Methods of Nutritional Biochemistry V3

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Newer Methods of Nutritional Biochemistry: With Applications and Interpretations, Volume III, provides a compilation of biochemical procedures which have extensive applications in nutrition research. The focus is on simple procedures to evaluate the utilization of dietary proteins given the pressing problems in emergency feeding of populations in developing countries.  Comprised of nine chapters, this book discusses the nutritional and metabolic implications of changes in urinary amino acid levels. It examines the concept, role, and implications of protein reserves in the young and adult subjects. It also describes procedures which have contributed to the development of in vitro methods for the evaluation of protein quality. The book also discusses plant protein resources; lipoprotein transport; chemical assay of adrenocorticosteroids; studies of zinc metabolism; and folates in human nutrition.

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Organization and Assembly of Plant and Animal Extracellular Matrix

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Organization and Assembly of Plant and Animal Extracellular Matrix presents a state-of-the-art view of some of the experimental systems in plant and animal matrix biology. It discusses certain principles underlying establishment of complex three-dimensional architecture cross broad evolutionary boundaries.  The opening chapter reviews studies on the cellular mechanisms responsible for storage, release, assembly, and function of extracellular matrices during early sea urchin development. The subsequent chapters describe the structure, assembly, disassembly, and molecular biology of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cell wall. The chapters also summarize the status of work on basement membrane assembly. Important insights into approaches to identify critical molecular domains and the complexity of relating defined molecular associations to establishment of matrix architecture are provided. A family of discovered cell wall genes that encode protein products containing up to 70% glycine is presented in Chapter 4. This is followed by a discussion on the role of alginate self-assembly in cell wall formation in Fucus. The book goes on to address the issue of protein-carbohydrate recognition with a detailed discussion of plant and animal lectins. Chapter 7 tackles a family of genes encoding higher plant hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) and the relationship between the HRGP genes cloned and their products. The final two chapters are devoted to one of the most important classes of protein modifying enzymes for extracellular matrix formation and function, the prolyl hydroxylases.  This book will be of help to workers in plant and animal matrix in understanding information, approaches, and ideas that they may not normally encounter.

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Biological Events Probed by Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy

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Biological Events Probed by Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy summarizes the progress in the experimental and theoretical understanding of primary phenomena occurring in biology on a picoseconds and nanosecond time scale. This book includes basic principles, survey of research results, and thinking of experts in the fields of photosynthesis, vision, hemoglobin, and DNA.   This reference is organized into five parts. The primary events in the various areas of biology are reviewed in the first four parts. The last part covers the picosecond and subpicosecond laser techniques. Primary processes in photosynthesis are then discussed. This is followed by chapters on fluorescence and absorption kinetic measurements in higher plants. Subsequent chapters cover kinetic measurements in bacteria photosynthesis, theories of primary energy transfer appropriate to photosynthesis, and multiexcitation processes. Part II examines primary visual processes, including kinetic experimental work on rhodopsin and bacteriorhodopsin, and theoretical concepts on primary events in vision.  The third part presents the introductory materials on the kinetic models of hemoglobin and myoglobin. It also discusses the interesting picosecond measurements on these proteins. Part IV focuses on the application of modern ultrafast temporal techniques to the study of DNA and its components, as well as DNA-dye complexes. The concluding part introduces the principles of design and operation of the solid state laser and picoseconds spectroscopy methods. A discussion on pulse generation methods and measurement techniques applicable for measuring primary events in biological systems is provided.  This book is useful both for the newbies and experts in the field of ultrafast phenomena. It aims to attract biologists, chemists, physicists, and engineers who are interested in biological processes. It will help readers find all the necessary and relevant material in one presentation.

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Control and Dynamic Systems: Advances in Theory in Applications, Volume 29: Advances in Algorithms and Computational Techniques in Dynamic Systems Control, Part 2 of 3 discusses developments in algorithms and computational techniques for control and dynamic systems.   This volume discusses some computational problems which arose in the applications of Kalman filters. It also examines system fault detection techniques; computational techniques in angle-only tracking filtering; development of real-time knowledge of system parameters; and algorithms for decentralized systems with application to stream water quality.  This book is an important reference for practitioners in the field who want a comprehensive source of techniques with significant applied implications.

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Introduction to the Mathematics of Quasicrystals

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Introduction to the Mathematics of Quasicrystals provides a pedagogical introduction to mathematical concepts and results necessary for a quantitative description or analysis of quasicrystals. This book is organized into five chapters that cover the three mathematical areas most relevant to quasicrystals, namely, the theory of almost periodic functions, the theory of aperiodic tilings, and group theory.  Chapter 1 describes the aspects of the theory of tiling in two- and three-dimensional space that are important for understanding some of the ways in which classical mathematical crystallography is being generalized; this process is to include possible models for aperiodic crystals. Chapter 2 examines the non-local nature of assembly mistakes that might have significance to the quasicrystals growth. This chapter also describes how closely a physical quasicrystal might be able to approximate a three-dimensional version of tilings. Chapter 3 discusses the theoretical background and concepts of group theory of icosahedral quasicrystals. Chapter 4 presents the local properties of the three-dimensional Penrose tilings and their global construction is described through the projection method. This chapter emphasizes the relationship between quasiperiodic sets of points and quasiperiodic tiling. Chapter 5 explores the analysis of defects in quasicrystals and their kinetics, as well as some properties of the perfect system.  This book is of great value to physicists, crystallographers, metallurgists, and beginners in the field of quasicrystals.

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Comparative Transfusion Medicine describes the role of animals as donors in early human transfusions. Organized into 11 chapters, the book focuses on specific animal models of human hematologic diseases.  After briefly dealing with the history of transfusion in medicine, the book discusses erythrocytes, white cells, platelets, and coagulation in various animal species, and then describes specific animal models of human hematologic diseases. It then considers the progress in bone marrow transplantation by pioneering histocompatibility studies of dogs. The discussion then shifts to the preparation components and clinical veterinary transfusions. The book also presents three problems in neonatal transfusion, including the failure of passive transfer, isoerythrolysis, and immunotherapy. The concluding chapters explore the developments in human autologous transfusion, blood substitutes, and hematopoietic growth factors.  The book is of great value to veterinarians involved in research or in clinical transfusions, and to physicians and other scientists using animals in research.

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Advances in Magnetic Resonance focuses on the interdisciplinary field of magnetic resonance.  Comprised of four chapters, this book discusses collective atomic motions in crystals as studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and elaborates Mori's formalism as applied to the spin relaxation theory. It also discusses chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization, magnetic shielding, and magnetic susceptibility.  Students and physicists looking for a comprehensive source on magnetic resonance will find this book invaluable.

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Control and Dynamic Systems V54: System Performance Improvement and Optimization Techniques and Their Applications in Aerospace Systems

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Control and Dynamic Systems: Advances in Theory and Applications, Volume 54: System Performance Improvement and Optimization Techniques and their Applications in Aerospace Systems covers the issue of aerospace system performance and optimization techniques in aerospace systems.  This book is composed of 12 chapters and begins with an examination of the techniques for aircraft conceptual design for mission performance. The succeeding chapters describe the balances and optimized design for aircraft and spacecraft structures through finite element procedures and the application of the knowledge-based system techniques for pilot aiding. These topics are followed by discussions of the optimal sensor placement for on-orbit modal identification experiments; the optimization techniques for helicopter airframe vibrations design; the size reduction techniques for efficient aeroservoelastic model determination; sensitivity analysis of eigendata of aeroelastic systems; and a simplified solution for transient structural dynamic problems with local nonlinearities. Other chapters explore a reduction algorithm for systems with integrators and the techniques for overcoming the difficulty of nonuniqueness of mode shape in modal analysis when random input data are not or cannot be measured. The last chapters consider the combined concepts of Krylov vectors and parameter matching and their application to develop model-reduction algorithms for structural dynamics. These chapters also provide the techniques for the development of new tracking algorithms that would incorporate explicit models of the maneuvering/nonmaneuvering phases of target encounter.  This book will prove useful to aerospace, control, systems, and design engineers.

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Advances in High Temperature Chemistry V4

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Advances in High Temperature Chemistry, Volume 4 reviews and evaluates some techniques in high temperature chemistry.   This book first discusses infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy of free radicals and molecular ions. It then turns to atomic carbon reactions and gas-solid surface reactions. It also presents several techniques for studying liquids and solids at extreme temperatures.  Researchers and high temperature chemists will find this book invaluable.

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The Pretransition Theory of Vapor Condensation

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Homogeneous Nucleation Theory: The Pretransition Theory of Vapor Condensation discusses the influence of classical thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and multistate kinetics on the homogeneous nucleation theory.  This book is organized into 10 chapters and begins with a simple model calculation that yields an important insight into the major physical features governing supersaturated vapor condensation. The following chapters explore the development of the theory of equilibrium thermodynamics pertinent to the study of a nucleation phenomena and a postulatory formulation of statistical mechanics and its relation to the calculation of the thermodynamic potentials. The discussion then shifts to a statistical thermodynamics description of an imperfect gas assuming the droplet model of Band-Bijl-Frenkel and to the development of the multistate kinetics of cluster formation. The book also explores the development of the classical Einstein theory for crystalline solids and generalizes this theory for its applications to planar surfaces of microcrystalline clusters. It also presents a comparison of the exact free energies for the microcrystallites with the predictions of the droplet model using the capillarity approximation. Three distinct approaches for calculating the thermodynamic properties of physical clusters are covered in the concluding chapters.

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Advances in Microwaves, Volume 6 is a three-chapter text that explores the fundamental principles of precision coaxial connectors, traveling wave tubes, and junction circulators.  Chapter 1 discusses the significant developments in the design, accuracy, and reference standard lines of precision coaxial connectors, with an emphasis on the application of the 7-mm and 14-mm precision coaxial connectors. Chapter 2 examines the stability of strongly modulated beams in a variety of focusing systems, such as uniform magnetic fields (Brillouin and near-Brillouin flow), linearly tapered magnetic fields, and periodic-permanent-magnet field systems. Chapter 3 deals with the theoretical aspects and characteristics of all types of junction circulators, with an emphasis on the lumped-element and the stripline circulator. Discussions on a theorem on passive three-port networks and star and delta networks are covered in the supplementary texts.

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Differentiation and Development is the 15th volume in the continuing series under the title ""Miami Winter Symposia"". This volume summarizes the progress in selected areas of biochemistry and the insights into the molecular basis of biological phenomena. It is divided into 92 chapters that cover topics that represent logical sequel to previous symposia on cloning and genetic manipulation of recombinant DNA.   The introductory chapters discuss the discovered RNA phages with particular emphasis on the use of specific and transformed cells to study cell formation and differentiation. Then, the developmental regulation of protein synthesis and hierarchical controls of nucleolar synthetic functions are discussed. This volume also explains the relationship between cellular events, as well as DNA folding and histone organization in chromatin. The effects of phage infection, DNA damage repair in mycoplasmas, and multiple chorion structural genes are also presented.   This volume looks into the biological features occurring frequently in cell development and differentiation. It studies differentiation and development of various cancer cells and role of several biomolecules in these processes. It also discusses the 3-D structure of a DNA unwinding protein and the role of prostaglandins in cell proliferation and differentiation. The book explains milk proteins and genes during lactogenesis and induction of surface immunoglobulins by lipopolysaccharides. It also examines the genetic control of milk zinc availability and the development of adult muscles in Drosophila abdomen.   The concluding chapters discuss the embryonic gene regulation and biochemical markers for hematopoietic cell differentiation. The origin and significance of tissue-specific histone variant patterns in mammals are explained. Finally, the book covers DNA sequence analysis of chicken ovalbumin gene.   Cell biologists, scientists, and researchers, as well as biochemists, teachers, and students will find this book invaluable.

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Fazal Ahmad, J Schultz, T. R. Russell, R. Werner

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Chemical and Biological Generation of Excited States

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Chemical and Biological Generation of Excited States discusses major aspects of chemical and biological generation of electronic excitation. This book is organized into 11 chapters that focus on both chemi- and bioenergized processes.  This book first discusses some of the fundamental aspects of the description of excited state behavior in condensed media. It then examines the field of gas-phase dioxetane chemiluminescence both by itself and in relation to solution-phase studies. The presented analysis is based on statistical mechanics and supported by a very simple limiting case calculation. Chapter 4 describes the state-of-the-art of how excitation yields are determined experimentally in chemienergized processes. This is followed by a discussion on activation parameters and stability trends, focusing on solution-phase data.  Chapters 6 and 7 examine solution-phase chemiluminescence resulting from high-energy electron-transfer reaction, often involving aromatic radical ions, and the mechanism of excitation step. The next chapters cover the generation of electronic excited states in bioluminescence and the evaluation of luminescent oxidation mechanisms using oxygen tracers. The chapters also explain the formation of electronically excited products in dark biological processes and the mechanism of chemiexcitation as it relates to redox metabolism. Specific examples of biological oxygenation reactions yielding luminescence are also presented. Furthermore, this book discusses the concept and applicability of chemiluminigenic probing for the quantification and differentiation of oxygenation activities in mammalian phagocytes. The concluding chapter is devoted to the possible formation of singlet oxygen in various systems and processes that mimic singlet oxygen reactions.  The book intends to attract young scientists as well as established research workers to broaden the horizons of this rapidly growing and potentially very important field.

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The Lichens covers the structure and development, physiology of the intact thallus, environmental response and effects, secondary metabolic products, and symbiont interactions of lichens. This book is divided into five parts encompassing 19 chapters. It also includes appendices consist of a taxonomic scheme, methods for isolating and culturing lichen symbionts and thalli, and methods for isolating and identifying lichen substances.  The first part of this book describes the original fungal cell and its development into specialized cells of which the various tissues and thalli are composed. This is followed by discussions on sexual reproduction of ascolichens and basidiolichens and on systematic criteria for the definition of taxa in different hierarchical steps. This book also explains the types of propagules produced by lichens and the submicroscopical investigations of lichens, including phycobiont and mycobionts' substructure and symbiotic relationship.  The second part of this book examines the physiological aspects of lichens. It includes discussions on metal cation uptake and translocation in vascular plants and on lichens' role in rock weathering and soil formation. This part also studies photosynthetic rates and nitrogen absorption and metabolism by the intact thallus of lichens. Succeeding chapters discuss physiological and morphological responses of lichens to the most important environmental factors and the relationship of these factors to lichen distribution. Substrate preferences of lichens and their causes and implications with regard to the ecology, distribution, and taxonomy of lichens are also examined. This text also discusses lichen thalli growth, methods of measurement, and factors influencing growth. Finally, the concluding parts deal with the biosynthesis of lichen substances, secondary metabolic products, and symbiotic relations of lichens to fungi and algae.  This multi-authored book is an ideal source of information for researchers, teachers, and students who wish to broaden their knowledge in the diversity of lichenology.

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Intracellular Parasitic Protozoa introduces the basic structure and classification of intracellular parasitic protozoa and the concept of parasitism.   This book starts by discussing the concept of parasitism and the taxonomic background of various intracellular protozoan organisms. This is followed by a description of the relationships between intracellular protozoan and their host cells. Then, this book discusses the ultrastructure of cells and organisms, emphasizing cell morphology that serves as the primary basis of generalizations of the host cell-parasite relationships. It also presents the intracellular protozoa in several groups according to their probable taxonomic relationships and more obvious morphological similarities. Finally, this text describes protozoan fine structure, along with a brief discussion of their biological aspects.   This book is ideal for researchers, teachers, and students who wish to gain more knowledge in parasitism caused by intracellular protozoa.

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Control and Dynamic Systems V48: Manufacturing and Automation Systems: Techniques and Technologies

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Control and Dynamic Systems: Advances in Theory and Applications, Volume 48: Manufacturing and Automation Systems: Techniques and Technologies, Part 4 of 5 deals with techniques and technologies in manufacturing and automation systems.   This book begins by discussing the advances of techniques for measuring the effectiveness of investments in automation and manufacturing systems. It then turns to graphical concurrent modeling language (GCML), a program used to model and analyze discrete manufacturing systems. This book also presents techniques for modeling solids; strategies for design optimization of machine products; design and control of industrial robots; and other optimization methodologies for manufacturing, robotic, and automation systems.   This book will provide a uniquely significant reference for those who are interested in manufacturing, robotics, and automation systems.

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Supplement 2 Advances in Magnetic Resonance

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NMR Imaging in Biomedicine: Advances in Magnetic Resonance discusses significant advances in NMR imaging and its application to the field of biomedicine. This book is organized into 10 chapters that cover the classification, methods, imaging regimes, and the potential use of NMR imaging in medicine.  After discussing the basic theoretical ideas of NMR and its application to NMR imaging, this book presents mathematical analyses of the various NMR techniques, focusing primarily on the comparison in terms of imaging speed and data-acquisition rate. It also covers a number of practical ranges or imaging regimes in terms of sensitivity, sample size, and operating frequency. Significant topics on potential application of NMR imaging in medicine, apparatus requirements in the instrumentation of NMR imaging machines, and the principles of biomagnetic effects are discussed in other chapters. The considered biomagnetic effects are categorized into three main groups: the effects of static magnetic fields, the effects of relatively slow varying time-dependent fields, and radio-frequency magnetic fields.  This book is of great value to radiologists, medical physicists, neuroradiologists, anatomists, physiologists, and postgraduate students of NMR imaging.

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Control and Dynamic Systems V57: Multidisciplinary Engineering Systems: Design and Optimization Techniques and Their Application

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Control and Dynamic Systems: Advances in Theory and Applications, Volume 57: Multidisciplinary Engineering Systems: Design and Optimization Techniques and their Application deals with techniques used in the design and optimization of future engineering systems.  Comprised of 11 chapters, this book covers techniques for improving product design quality in multidisciplinary systems. These techniques include decomposition techniques for synthesis process; optimization for aircraft systems; actuator and sensor placement; and robust techniques in system design and control process.   Students, research workers, and practising engineers will find this book invaluable.

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Control and Dynamic Systems: Advances in Theory and Application, Volume 24: Decentralized/Distributed Control and Dynamic Systems, Part 3 of 3 is the third volume of a trilogy that deals with advances in techniques for the analysis and synthesis of decentralized or distributed control and dynamic systems. It also includes articles on many computational issues and techniques.  This volume discusses parameter estimation or determination in large-scale systems; use of system zeros in the decentralized control of large-scale systems; and model reference adaptive control for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The final chapters present some simplified but highly effective and powerful control techniques for decentralized but coordinated control systems.  This book is a valuable reference for practitioners in many important applied situations.

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A Textbook of Physical Chemistry: Second Edition provides both a traditional and theoretical approach in the study of physical chemistry.   The book covers subjects usually covered in chemistry textbooks such as ideal and non-ideal gases, the kinetic molecular theory of gases and the distribution laws, and the additive physical properties of matter. Also covered are the three laws of thermodynamics, thermochemistry, chemical equilibrium, liquids and their simple phase equilibria, the solutions of nonelectrolytes, and heterogenous equilibrium.  The text is recommended for college-level chemistry students, especially those who are in need of a textbook for the subject.