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Sleep and the Maturing Nervous System contains manuscripts presented at a conference on Sleep and the Maturing Nervous Systems, held at the Allenberry Inn in Boiling Springs, Pennsylvania on June 21-24, 1970. The program is divided into five sessions: The Maturation of Neural Elements; Neurochemical Factors in Maturation of Sleep Behavior; Development of EEG and Activity Patterns in Relation to Sleep; Development of Reflex Patterns in Sleep; and Developmental Aspects of Normal and Abnormal Sleep Behavior.   Organized into 19 chapters, the book begins by discussing the ontogenetic studies ranging from analyses of excitability properties and synaptic processes in single immature cortical neurons to structure-function correlations in developing cortical neuronal subsystems. This is followed by significant topics on the mutual relevancy between brain maturation and the ontogeny of sleep-wakefulness behavior. Additional aspects of the book focus on the developmental implications of conditions that might lead to the establishment of normal and abnormal sleep behavior in maturing organisms. A discussion on the problem of the mechanisms that underlie the unique distribution of behavior states at any particular age and during any particular experimental manipulation is provided along with a comparison of sleep behavior features between normal and mentally retarded subjects of the same age.   This book will be of value to researchers and scientists interested in both the genetic and environmental factors determining the brain maturation and its relevancy in sleep and wakefulness.

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Analysis of Foods and Beverages Headspace Techniques covers the proceedings of a symposium on the analysis of foods and beverages by headspace techniques. The symposium is organized by the Flavor Subdivision of the Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division of American Chemical Society at its 174th National Meeting held on August 29-September 2, 1977 in Chicago, Illinois. It highlights methods of headspace concentration and headspace sampling that are producing results on a variety of products and model systems.  Composed of 14 chapters, this book discusses a productive combination of techniques leading to the enrichment of headspace vapor components with gas chromatographic resolution followed by mass spectrometric identification. Core chapters address the analysis by headspace techniques of mouth odors, vegetable flavors, lipoxygenase catalyzed reactions, the vanilla bean, coffee, tea, cocoa, beer, wine, and sake. Finally, the book examines the use and abuse of headspace sampling, statistical treatments of GLC headspace data, as well as quantitative aspects, new instrumentation, and techniques.  Flavor chemists and researchers will find this book invaluable.

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Instrumental Analysis of Foods Recent Progress covers the proceedings of the Third International Flavor Conference held at Corfu, Greece, on July 27-30, 1983. The theme of the conference is ""Instrumental Analysis of Foods and Beverages: Recent Developments"". This two-volume book highlights the developments in instrumental analysis of foods and beverages, including food flavor, food packaging, and food quality.  Introductory chapters discuss European and international flavor regulations, chemical senses, and food flavor. Subsequent chapters describe gas chromatographic, mass spectrometric, and near-IR reflectance analysis of volatile components, aroma, and food flavors, along with the use of general purpose computers and integrators in the flavor laboratory. The book also examines the formation of flavor compounds, including esters, terpenoids, and glycols, and their importance to food quality evaluation, along with analysis of undesirable components in food. Lastly, it addresses quality assurance and validation of analytical data issues in food industry.  With its comprehensive review features, this book will be useful to all who are interested in food and beverage analysis and food quality.

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Neurotransmitter Release: The Neuromuscular Junction is a collection of papers presented at a small meeting organized in the University of Milan to honor Bruno Ceccarelli. Ceccarelli was particularly interested in the structure and functioning of the neuromuscular junction and spent the rest of his career characterizing the process of neurotransmitter release, and eventually providing the strongest available support for the widely accepted ""vesicle hypothesis"" of neurotransmitter release. The meeting was intended to gather as many scientists who had been directly in touch with Bruno as possible and to discuss together problems of Bruno's interest.   Organized into 20 chapters, the book first discusses the organelles of distinct secretory pathways involved in distinct types of neuronal signaling, such as synapsins, synaptophysin , and synaptobrevin. It then examines the role of coated vesicles, acetylcholine compartments, and potassium and calcium channels on neurotransmission processes. Other topics considered are the regeneration of nerve-evoked neurotransmission; the single-channel recordings of KNa in avian sensory neurons; the modulation of voltage-dependent calcium currents in identified snail neurons; and the agonistic/antagonistic action of calcium channel in mammalian peripheral neurons. Cross-talks between receptors coupled to calcium currents and between different intracellular signaling are provided in the last chapters of the book. These chapters also look into the relevance of lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid to cell-to-cell communication in the central nervous system.   This book is an invaluable source for scientists, researchers, and students who are interested in basic neurology.

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Theory of Viscoelasticity: An Introduction, Second Edition discusses the integral form of stress strain constitutive relations. The book presents the formulation of the boundary value problem and demonstrates the separation of variables condition.  The text describes the mathematical framework to predict material behavior. It discusses the problems to which integral transform methods do not apply. Another topic of interest is the thermoviscoelastic stress analysis. The section that follows describes the heat conduction, glass transition criterion, viscoelastic Rayleigh waves, optimal strain history path, and nonlinear behavior of elastomers.   The book will provide valuable insights for chemists, engineers, students, and researchers in the field of chemistry.

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Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of Hemoglobin Abnormalities

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Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of Hemoglobin Abnormalities contains the proceedings of a symposium held on the Pingree Park campus of Colorado State University on October 2-7, 1977. Contributors discuss the biochemical and clinical aspects of hemoglobin abnormalities and cover topics ranging from amino acid substitutions to sickle cell disease, glycosylated hemoglobins, cystamine inhibition of sickling, and gelation of sickle cell hemoglobin.  This volume is organized into 52 chapters and begins with a discussion of the role of distal residues in structure, ligand binding, and oxidation of hemoglobins A, Zurich, and Sydney. It then turns to functional abnormalities of whole blood in sickle cell anemia, inhibition of sickle hemoglobin gelation by amino acids and peptides, and intermolecular interactions in crystals of human deoxy hemoglobins A, C, F, and S. The chapters that follow focus on glycosylation of human hemoglobin, the phase transitions of sickle-cell hemoglobin, conformational effects of the HbS mutation, and mechanisms for hemoglobin oxidation. The reader is also introduced to oxidation of oxyhemoglobin by reductants, the kinetics of oxygen binding to human red blood cells, and oxidation of human hemoglobin by copper. A chapter that assesses the effect of physiological parameters, such as pH, oxygen concentration, protein concentration, non-gelling hemoglobins, and the erythrocyte membrane, on the kinetics of polymerization of deoxyhemoglobin S concludes the book.  This book is intended for biochemists and clinicians interested in knowing more about hemoglobin abnormalities.

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Radiation Research, A Twentieth-Century Perspective, Volume I: Congress Abstracts is a collection of abstracts presented at the Ninth International Congress of Radiation Research convened in Toronto, Canada, organized by the Radiation Research Society and the North American Hyperthermia Group at the invitation of the International Association of Radiation Research. The Toronto venue for this congress recognizes a major role by Canadian scientists in the field of radiation research and also the strong participation of Canadian scientists in the North American Radiation Research Society. Original science is shared at these Congresses through Congress lectures, symposia presentations, and proffered papers. The Congress Board of Directors adopted a proposal that all abstracts of scientific presentations should become a permanent record of the official proceedings of the Congress. In a manner somewhat analogous to the Canadian postal code system, each abstract in this volume is identified at the top left hand corner by a code consisting of both letters and numbers printed on three lines. Line one consists of one letter and two numbers that uniquely identify each scientific event. The second line consists of a double digit number that designates the sequence of presentation within the specific scientific event. The third line consists of a double letter code in which the first letter indicates the day of the week on which abstract material is presented and/or discussed, and the second letter indicates a morning or afternoon session.

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Heterostructure Lasers, Part A: Fundamental Principles deals with the fundamental principles, preparation, and operating characteristics of heterostructure lasers. Each major topic is introduced along with the basic laws that govern the observed phenomena. The expressions relevant to heterostructure lasers are derived from the basic laws, and realistic numerical examples based on the GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs heterostructure are given.  This book is comprised of four chapters and begins with a discussion on some of the early studies of injection lasers and an overview of the fundamental concepts of heterostructure lasers. Stimulated emission and room temperature continuous-wave operation with injection lasers are described, together with the fundamentals of waveguiding, gain, and carrier confinement in heterostructures. Optical fields and wave propagation are considered, along with slab-electric waveguides; the relationships between absorption, stimulated emission, and spontaneous emission; optical absorption and emission rates in semiconductors; and electrical properties of heterojunctions.   This monograph will be of interest to physicists.

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Handbook of Perception, Volume III: Biology of Perceptual Systems reviews the literature on the biological aspects of human perception, with emphasis on perceptual systems and elements of sensory physiology.  This volume is organized into 19 chapters and begins with a discussion of energy transduction, detection, and discrimination, along with the properties of neurons alone and as conjoined in nets. The focus then shifts to psychogenesis, the relatively new field of ethology, and the natural diversity and evolutionary divergence of sensory systems. The chapters that follow examine the genetics of behavior, the facts and theories about the way in which animals and men construct patterned stimulation of receptors into significant objects, and the structure and function of sensory systems on which vertebrates depend for their construction of the varieties of experience. The book methodically introduces the reader to chemoreception, tasting and smelling, cutaneous mechanoreception (of position, velocity, transients), active texture perception, mechanisms of spatial orientation and of motion in space, thermoreception, vision, and audition. In almost every case the underlying physiological mechanisms are related to the psychophysical or perceptual observations.  This book is a valuable resource for psychologists, biologists, and natural scientists, as well as for those who are interested in the biology of human perception.

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The Leukotrienes, Chemistry and Biology discusses the significant scientific progress of leukotrienes, from the discovery of slow-reacting substance to the chemical identification of a mixture of leukotrienes. Composed of 11 chapters, the book presents an enormous increase in research on the chemistry and biology of these and related substances, especially as they relate to the etiology of allergic and inflammatory diseases.   After briefly discussing the continuing perspectives on the leukotriene biology, the book describes the structure, synthesis, formation, and biological actions of leukotrienes. This is followed by a discussion on arachidonic metabolism for the development of therapeutic agents specifically designed to either inhibit the synthesis or antagonize the effects of the leukotrienes. The book also looks into the biochemical and pharmacologic control of the synthesis and actions of leukotrienes. The information is considered in the context of the specific enzymes in the pathway that may be affected by any given agent. The in vivo studies on the pulmonary mechanical effect of leukotrienes, the pharmacologic activity of leukotriene receptors, and the antagonistic property of peptidoleukotrienes as an approach to allergic disease treatment are considered in the concluding chapters of the book.   This book will be of value to scientists and researchers interested in hypersensitivity reactions, inflammation, and allergic diseases.

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Affinity Chromatography and Biological Recognition contains manuscripts presented at the Fifth International Symposium on Affinity Chromatography and Biological Recognition convened in June 12-17, 1983, at St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland.  Organized into six parts encompassing 82 chapters, the book begins by examining the growing synergism between affinity methods and the understanding and study of basic principles of biological recognition. The book then focuses on the trends and progress in the design and application of affinity methods for isolation, therapeutics, diagnostics, and biotechnology. Significant chapters are devoted to the contributions of affinity methodology in such areas as cell membrane receptors, quantitative properties of macromolecular interactions, microscale analytical and preparative applications of high performance affinity chromatography, antibodies as in vivo and in vitro diagnostic and therapeutic agents, and drug targeting.   This volume will be a stimulus for broad and creative application of affinity concepts and methods in many fields of biomedical research and biotechnology.

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The Rewiring of America The Fiber Optics Revolution

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The Rewiring of America: The Fiber Optics Revolution provides a comprehensive discussion on the progression of fiber optics technology in America. The book discusses several issues concerning the introduction of fiber optics, such as its history, the initial reaction of the public, applications, and possible future of the technology.  The text first tackles the essential issues, specifically the history of fiber optics such as its birth, introduction to the public, popular opinions, and the challenges of its implementation. The book explains how several telecommunication corporations use such technology to its full potential to improve their services. Other industries such as computing and the military, which were exploring fiber optics, are also discussed along with applications to different fields, such as medicine, entertainment, transportation, and space exploration. The text also discusses the future of fiber optics, especially the role it will play in American society.  The book will be of great use to any readers who are interested in information technology, communication engineering, and similar fields, especially those who are interested in American technology.

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Multiphoton lonization of Atoms provides a pedagogical review of the whole subfield of multiphoton ionization of atoms.  This book discusses the normal multiphoton ionization of atoms; calculation of resonant multiphoton processes; and angular distribution of photoelectrons and light polarization effects in multiphoton ionization of atoms. The multiphoton ionization involving continuum-continuum transitions; creation of doubly charged strontium ions; and many-electron processes in nonlinear ionization of atoms are also elaborated.  Other topics include the non-resonant multiphoton ionization of atoms; above-threshold ionization theory; autoionizing states in multiphoton transitions; and specific features of the spectra of alkaline-earth atoms.  This publication is beneficial to physics students and researchers conducting work on the multiple ionization of atoms.

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Backscattering Spectrometry reviews developments in backscattering spectrometry and covers topics ranging from instrumentation and experimental techniques to beam parameters and energy loss measurements. Backscattering spectrometry of thin films is also considered, and examples of backscattering analysis are given.  This book is comprised of 10 chapters and begins with an introduction to backscattering spectrometry, what it can and what it cannot accomplish, and some ""rules of thumb"" for interpreting or reading spectra. The relative strengths and weaknesses of backscattering spectrometry in the framework of materials analysis are outlined. The following chapters focus on kinematics, scattering cross sections, energy loss, and energy straggling; backscattering analysis of thin films of various degrees of complications; the influence of beam parameters; and mass and depth resolutions and their relationships to the mass and energy of projectiles. Many examples of backscattering analysis are also presented to illustrate the capability and limitation of backscattering. Backscattering applications when combined with channeling effects are considered as well. The final chapter provides a list of references on the applications of backscattering spectrometry.  This monograph will be a useful resource for physicists.

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Nuclear Spectroscopy and Reactions, Part D covers information regarding the development of nuclear spectroscopy and its reactions, while emphasizing in-beam spectroscopy. This part covers the general theoretical concepts of nuclear investigations.  This book provides in-depth analysis of several concepts of nuclear spectroscopy, such as models of heavy and light nuclei, approaches in resonance reactions, inelastic scattering, charge exchange, and one- and two-nucleon transfer reactions.   This series is written to primarily benefit graduate students who are engaged in research that concerns nuclear spectroscopy.

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Coordination Polymerization contains the proceedings of a symposium sponsored by the American Chemical Society and held at the University of California-Los Angeles on April 3, 1974. The papers explore developments in coordination polymerization and cover topics ranging from stereoselection and stereoelection in a-olefin polymerization to heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta polymerization; transition metal alkyl polymerization catalysts; chain transfer in Ziegler-type polymerization of ethylene; and stereospecific polymerization of diolefins by h3-allylic coordination complexes.  This book is comprised of 13 chapters and begins with a discussion on Karl Ziegler's major contributions to the chemistry of free radicals, organo-alkali metal compounds, many-membered rings, and organotransition metallic compounds. The next two chapters focus on the origin of steric control in the polymerization of a-olefins, with emphasis on steroselection and stereoelection as well as the influence of the chirality of the transition metal on the stereoregularity of the resulting polymer. The  problem of counting active sites is then addressed, and results obtained with various methods are compared. The mechanisms of initiation, propagation, termination, and transfers in polymerizations by (p-C5H5)2 TiCl2 catalysts are also considered, along with polymerizations by allyl, benzyl, trimethylsilmethyl, and other derivatives of Ti and Zr. The last three chapters examine the kinetics of Ziegler-Natta polymerization; the Langmuir adsorption mechanism; supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts; factors that affect the stereoregularity of polymerization of propylene by supported catalysts; and polymerizations of diolefins to equibinary polymers by h3-allylic coordination complexes.  This monograph will be of interest to chemists as well as polymer scientists and engineers.

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Chemistry, Physics, and Material science

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Polyacetylene: Chemistry, Physics, and Material Science reviews the chemistry, physics, and material science of polyacetylene. Topics covered include polymerization and crystal structure of polyacetylene, isomerization, neutral defects, and solitons. Globular morphology and the effect of heat of polymerization on polyacetylene are also discussed, along with doping and chemical reactions of polyacetylene.  This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with an introduction to a few basic principles of polymer chemistry and solid-state physics, followed by an overview of charge-transfer salts and conducting polymers other than polyacetylene and a historical background on polyacetylene and a general description of its properties. The next chapter gives a detailed treatment of polymerization, with particular reference to the mechanisms and kinetics of acetylene polymerization and direct determination of polyacetylene molecular weight by radioquenching. The remaining chapters focus on the crystal structures and morphology of undoped polyacetylenes; methods of isomerization; spectroscopic, physical, and mechanical properties of undoped polyacetylene; and various chemical reactions of polyacetylene and polymethylacetylene. The probable mechanisms of doping are proposed and theoretical models for polyacetylene are presented. The final chapter considers a few technical applications of polyacetylene.  This monograph will be of interest to chemists, physicists, and polymer scientists and engineers.

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GPI Membrane Anchors reviews major advances in our understanding of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) membrane anchors. The book examines the GPI structure and its originality as an anchoring device, its ubiquitous distribution, the main steps of its biosynthetic pathway, and the elegant means by which a protein signals for GPI attachment. It also presents evidence for the uniqueness of GPI as a tag in intracellular traffic and as a mediator of transmembrane signaling.  This volume is organized into 20 chapters and begins with a discussion of the structural requirements of a nascent protein for processing to a PI-G anchored form, with emphasis on experiments on intact cells and cell-free systems. It then turns to the mechanisms underlying signal transduction by GPI-anchored membrane proteins, the LY-6 superfamily of GPI-anchored molecules, and glycosylated-phosphatidylinositols as virulence factors in Leishmania. The reader is also introduced to the molecular biology of GPI-anchored border hydrolases, the role of GPIs and their inositolglycan derivatives in the mediation of insulin and growth factor function, and biosynthesis and cellular localization of GPI-modified glycoproteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An account of electrospray mass spectrometry of a C-terminal peptide purified from the scrapie isoform of the scrapie prion protein is also given. The book concludes with a chapter on GPI-anchored recognition molecules that function in axonal fasciculation, growth, and guidance in the nervous system.  This book is a valuable resource for students and researchers in the fields of cell biology and biochemistry.

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Nuclear Spectroscopy and Reactions, Part A covers information regarding the development of nuclear spectroscopy and its reactions, while emphasizing in-beam spectroscopy. This part specifically covers concerns regarding accelerators, specialized auxiliary equipment, and measurement techniques for charged particles and gamma rays.  Organized into three major sections, this book first discusses accelerators in low- and intermediate-energy nuclear physics, and then covers electrostatic accelerators, cyclotron, and specialized accelerators. The second section covers polarized beam and targets, as well as on-line mass separations. The last section discusses the measurement of charged particle and gamma ray spectra including the detection of semiconductor radiation, large Nal, and charged particles.  This book is written to primarily benefit graduate students who are engaged in research that concerns nuclear spectroscopy.