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Horse Feeding and Nutrition is the fourth in a series of books on animal feeding and nutrition that focuses on horse feeding and nutrition, aiming to assist in world food production. Organized into 20 chapters, the book contains basic information on horse industry, feeding problems, and importance in food production of proper horse nutrition.  The introductory chapters discuss the importance of the horse industry; the art, science, and myths in feeding horses; the problems involved in supplying an adequate level of nutrients in horse rations; and the digestion of feeds. Chapters 5-10 cover concise, up-to-date summaries on macro- and micronutrients, including vitamins, minerals, protein, and water. The book goes on, examining the important interrelationships between nutrition, disease, and performance; the relative value of various feeds in horse rations; and the value of pasture and hay for horses. Chapters 15-18 focus on feeding the foal, growing horses; the performance and race horses; and the mares and stallions. The final chapters discuss purified rations for horses, antibiotics, founder, learning ability, feeding behavior, nutrient toxicity, weight equivalents, weight-unit conversion factors, and the effect of cold weather on horses.  The book provides information helpful to beginners and experts in horse production. It will also be valuable for county agents, farm advisors, consultants, veterinarians, and teachers of vocational agriculture, as well as animal science students and teachers.

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Vascular Smooth Muscle: Metabolic, Ionic, and Contractile Mechanisms

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Vascular Smooth Muscle: Metabolic, Ionic, and Contractile Mechanisms addresses the vascular smooth muscle function by describing plasma lipoprotein structure, synthesis, and transport in relation to the concepts of altered vascular smooth muscle lipid metabolism leading to the genesis of atherosclerotic disease.  This book is organized into six chapters and begins with an introduction to the complexities of energy metabolism and how metabolic events can be correlated with a simultaneous quantitative assessment of smooth muscle mechanics and the contractile machinery at the molecular level. The next two chapters offer the reader a view of smooth muscle membrane properties in terms of the distribution, transport, and metabolic control of electrolytes and specific aspects of ion conductance and electrical activity. This text also explains how smooth muscle cells regulate their contractile activity through regulation of calcium ion fluxes and the interaction, at the molecular level, of calcium ions with regulatory proteins associated with the contractile apparatus. Reference is made to the relation of possible anomalies in cellular or subcellular smooth muscle metabolic and/or ionic events to the bases of certain types of vascular disease. A chapter that examines the events leading to vascular pathology in the form of atherogenesis concludes the book.  This book is intended for researchers and clinicians engaged in the study of smooth muscle and related areas.

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Microcomputer Busses provides the necessary introduction to the basic features and capabilities of a range of popular commercial busses. Its main objective is to prepare students in solving engineering problems using the concepts and materials featured in the book.   The first three chapters introduce the basic concepts and principles such as basic bus and transmission-line concepts, comparative analysis of busses, and the process of how a program can give out hardware responses or operations on a bus. The middle section of the book delves more deeply into the different types of computer busses and into the important features of the operation of each bus. The book supplements and simplifies these features. Lastly, the book concludes by illustrating design examples of existing sample boards that are produced commercially.   This book serves as a valuable tool to engineering students. Systems engineers and design engineers can also use this book as reference in designing microcomputer-based systems or in developing system architecture.

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Marine Physics guides different disciplines regarding the study of the sea and provides basic understanding of the fundamental theories and premises of the other disciplines. This book is comprised of eight chapters, beginning with some concepts regarding movement of the sea, such as the density currents, diffusion processes, and wind currents in deep water. These occurrences in the sea are thoroughly discussed and explained through theories and concepts behind them. The next three chapters deal more closely on the broad topic of oceanography. Some of the topics include qualitative physical characteristics, waves in both deep and shallow water, and the tides. The last two chapters discuss optics and acoustics as they are applied in the study of marine science.   This book aims to be of use to students in various disciplines involved in not just marine science, but also in engineering, biology, and physics.

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Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Crystals V1

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Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Crystals, Volume 1 discusses the nonlinear optical effects in organic molecules and crystals, providing a classical distinction between quadratic and cubic processes.  This book begins with a general overview of the basic properties of organic matter, followed by a review on the benefits derived from quantum-chemistry-based models and growth and characterization of high quality, bulk organic crystals and waveguided structures. A case study focusing on a specific material, namely urea, which exemplifies a situation in which transparency in the UV region has been purposely traded for nonlinear efficiency is also deliberated. This text concludes with a description of a type of trade-off between the unpredictable orientation of molecules in crystalline media, polarity of liquid-crystalline structures, and dominant electronic contribution to the electro-optic effect.  This publication is beneficial to solid-state physicists and chemists concerned with nonlinear optical properties of organic molecules and crystals.

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Ord and Cd in Chemistry and Biochemistry

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ORD and CD in Chemistry and Biochemistry: An Introduction essentially presents the necessary foreword and theoretical foundation for the useful application of optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) and circular dichroism (CD) to certain common chemical problems. This book emphasizes the precision of ORD and CD data in terms of stereochemical information.   The book begins with some historical references and a concise review of basic principles on stereochemistry. It further delves onto the phenomena of optical activity. Also included are the definitions and units commonly used in ORD and CD. The book also discusses optical properties of polymers, organometallic, and inorganic derivatives; and some of the aspects of magnetic optical rotator dispersion (MORD) and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD). A table that presents wavelength range of the Cotton effects of most chromophoric groupings concludes the book.   This monograph is a helpful reference to students as well as professionals from both chemistry and biochemistry fields of science.

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Regulatory Aspects of Carcinogenesis and Food Additives: The Delaney Clause

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Regulatory Aspects of Carcinogenesis and Food Additives: The Delaney Clause is composed of papers and discussions presented in the seventh meeting of the International Academy of Environmental Safety regarding the philosophy of the Delaney Clause.   The Delaney Clause became a part of the Food and Drug Law in 1958. It states in part that no additive shall be deemed to be safe if it is found to induce cancer when ingested by man or animal, or if it is found after tests which are appropriate for evaluation of safety of food additives to induce cancer in man or animal.  This book covers the different views of the meetings participants on the interpretation of the Delaney Clause. It presents list of points that should be considered in making decisions with respect to safety. Many other factors that should be taken into consideration are also discussed in this reference.

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The Direct Detection of Microorganisms in Clinical Samples

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The Direct Detection of Microorganisms in Clinical Samples focuses on the most practical and widely used procedures for direct detection of microorganism in clinical specimens. It considers application to virology, mycology, and bacteriology.  Organized into three parts, the book begins with established techniques for visualization of intact organism in clinical samples. The book then deals with immunologic techniques for detecting soluble microbial antigens. The last part considers diverse non-immunologic methods for detecting soluble constituents of organisms and their metabolites.  Clinical microbiologists, infectious disease clinicians and researchers, and individuals working in analogous areas will find this book invaluable.

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Synapse, Neuron, Brain, the third and last volume in the series Medical Physics, focuses on neurons and their interactions. Comprised of seven chapters regarding the brain's synapses and nerves, this volume concludes through the presentation of medical physics and its applications.   An introductory chapter of this volume provides the necessary basic concepts and theories needed in the understanding of the book. This is followed by a discussion on the brain and its interconnections with the spinal cord. Chapter 3 focuses on the importance of evoked potentials as a diagnostic tool for the sensory organ and the neural processing of the stimuli. Chemical and electrical properties of synapses are also given emphasis. Other topics covered in this volume include the rall theory and neuronal integration; membrane noise at synaptic junctions; and new techniques on brain studies (autoradiography, positron annihilation, and nuclear magnetic resonance).  As with the other volumes, this also caters to persons in various disciplines such as medicine, physiology, physics, and biology.

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Ultrastructure of Rat Adenohypophysis: Correlation with Function discusses the ultrastructure of the anterior pituitary in the normal intact rat, as well as in animal after various treatments and changes in its physiology. Wherever possible, the book attempts to coordinate and associate changes in pituitary ultrastructure with physiological aspects.   The book also presents a method for the isolation of various populations of pituitary secretory granules that can be used in experimental endocrinological research. It also discusses the various cell types, including the chromophobe; the pars tuberalis and pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis; and the chemical and physical properties of the secretory granules and their formation and release.   This reference will serve as a guide for pituitary ultrastructural studies in other species. It is valuable to students and experienced investigators in the field of endocrinology, anatomy, pathology, physiology, biochemistry, and related disciplines.

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The Auditory Periphery Biophysics and Physiology

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The Auditory Periphery: Biophysics and Physiology is an attempt to provide comprehensive and detailed information regarding biophysics and physiology in terms of the peripheral auditory system. Eight detailed chapters are presented in the book where the first and last serve as introduction and summary.  The introductory chapter provides background on the anatomy and functional organization of the auditory system. The second chapter illustrates the most common experimental techniques. A whole chapter is dedicated to the discussion of the middle ear, while Chapters 4 and 5 discuss cochlear mechanisms and potentials. The topic most studied but less understood in the operation of the ear is also emphasized in the book, which is the production of distortion. The topic of feedback mechanisms and systems is also covered.  This book aims to be of help to various specialists such as biophysicists, bioengineers, physiologists, otolaryngologists, and speech and hearing scientists.

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Visual Perception explores fundamental topics underlying the field of visual perception, including the perception of brightness and color, the physics of light, and the optics of the eye. Although the text leans heavily on physical and physiological concepts, explanations of the relevant physics and physiology are considered.  This book is organized into 16 chapters and begins with an overview of the relationship between information assimilation and the physiology of the visual system based on data gathered both in physiological and perceptual experiments. More specifically, this text discusses the nature of the human perceptual system in terms of the kinds of information that are assimilated from the world, and how this selection of information is governed by the structure of receptors and the neural circuits that are connected to them. The relationships between symbols and their corresponding physical and physiological variables are also examined. Finally, the book addresses the presence of strong lateral inhibition in the visual system and how it fits the concept of evolution.  This book is aimed at undergraduate and graduate students, regardless of their academic backgrounds.

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Lipoxygenases and Their Products provides a cogent summary of the advances in understanding lipoxygenases and their products, emphasizing their pharmacology and pathophysiology; regulation and structure; physiological role; and receptors and receptor antagonists. This text also reviews the literature where specific receptor antagonists (as opposed to enzymatic inhibitors) have been used to characterize the pharmacologic action and the pathophysiologic roles of some of lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism.  This book is organized into 11 chapters and begins with an overview of the biochemical, pharmacological, and pathophysiological aspects of 5-lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism in the respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems. The discussion then shifts to human 5-lipoxygenase, emphasizing this enzyme purification, stimulatory factors, and membrane translocation. The reader is methodically introduced to 5-lipoxygenase activity in rats and pigs; the potential and therapeutic value of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors; the distribution of 15-lipoxygenase in cells or tissues; and products formed through the 15-lipoxygenase pathway. This book also considers lipoxins and third-generation peptidoleukotriene receptor antagonists, and then concludes with a summary of the physiological and pathophysiological effects of leukotrienes and lipoxins in a variety of organs.  This book is of interest to scientists interested in arachidonic acid and its metabolites, to scientists engaged in drug discovery-and-development activities in academia and the pharmaceutical industry, and to clinicians interested in diseases associated with leukotrienes and related products.

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Dry Biological Systems contains the proceedings of the 1977 American Institute of Biological Sciences symposium held in East Lansing, Michigan. Divided into seven parts encompassing 17 chapters, the book focuses on the adaptive strategy phenomenon of organisms under dry state or absence of water. The book answers several fundamental questions on dry biological systems, such as how an organism achieve a state that destroys most living systems; what adaptations permit the survival of dehydration; and what activities occur in the dry organisms.   After briefly discussing the nature of intracellular water in normal cells, the book examines the ultrastructure of dry organisms, including their metabolic activities during drying, in the dry state, and during rehydration. Parts IV to VI discuss the causes of cell viability loss while in dry, as well as their ecology and enzyme reaction at reduced water activity. Several presentations are made in which freezing and dehydration as stress vectors are compared. Covered papers in the book illustrate the belief that freezing and rehydration can be considered to be the same phenomenon, particularly with respect to the state of intracellular water.

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The Islets of Langerhans: Biochemistry, Physiology, and Pathology reviews the state of knowledge in the complex phenomena involved in the functioning of the multiendocrine organ, the islet of Langerhans, and the various influences that can lead to its abnormal functioning. The volume highlights major gaps in knowledge and indicates the directions for research on the major functioning of this organ and the defects leading to its major pathology, diabetes mellitus.  The book is organized into three parts. Part I provides the necessary background information on the nature and development of the islet of Langerhans. It includes studies on the evolution of knowledge of the ever-increasing number of cell types found in islet tissue; and fetal development of the functional capacities of the islet cells. Part II is devoted to the synthesis and secretion of islet hormones, beginning with a chapter on the membrane transport systems of islet tissue as a prelude to subsequent examination of their role in the regulation of these processes. Part III examines the effects of deleterious conditions and agents on the morphology and function of islet cells.  This book is intended for researchers in endocrinology, particularly those interested in pancreatic hormones, graduate students in endocrinology, and medical endocrinologists interested in diabetes. It will also be useful to physiologists and biochemists studying peptide synthesis and secretion.

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External Senses, the second volume in the series Medical Physics, focuses on the electrophysiology and biophysics of the receptors as these are common in each species. This book also briefly discusses brain pathways but the topic on synapsing mechanism and brain electrophysiology are covered in the last volume.   This volume focuses on the category of senses which respond to external stimuli - taste, smell, touch, hearing, and vision. The results of research presented in this volume, although limited in terms of medical applications because they are not precisely defined, pave the way towards medical treatment in the future. The topics of each chapter focus on broad areas such as: gustation, olfaction, cutaneous sensation, audition, vision, and psychophysics.   This book is a helpful tool for all undergraduates, premedical students, and postgraduate students of various scientific disciplines.

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Introduction to Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy

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Introduction to Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy focuses on the theoretical and experimental aspects of infrared and Raman spectroscopy, with emphasis on detailed group frequency correlations and their vibrational origin. Topics covered include vibrational and rotational spectra, molecular symmetry, methyl and methylene groups, triple bonds and cumulated double bonds, and olefin groups. Aromatic and heteroaromatic rings are also considered, along with carbonyl compounds and molecular vibrations.  This book is comprised of 14 chapters and begins with a discussion on the use of Raman and infrared spectroscopy to study the vibrational and rotational frequencies of molecules, paying particular attention to photon energy and degrees of freedom of molecular motion. The quantum mechanical harmonic oscillator and the anharmonic oscillator are described. The next chapter focuses on the experimental techniques and instrumentation needed to measure infrared absorption spectra and Raman spectra. Symmetry is then discussed from the standpoint of the spectroscopist. The following chapters explore the vibrational origin of group frequencies, with an emphasis on mechanical effects; spectra-structure correlations; and the spectra of compounds such as ethers, alcohols, and phenols. The final chapter demonstrates how the frequencies and forms of a nonlinear molecule's normal modes of vibration may be calculated mathematically.  This monograph will be a useful resource for spectroscopists and physical scientists.

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Microsomes, Drug Oxidations and Chemical Carcinogenesis V2

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Microsomes, Drug Oxidations, and Chemical Carcinogenesis, Volume II, documents the proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Microsomes and Drug Oxidations held in Ann Arbor, July 1979. The symposium reviewed progress in the understanding of scientific and biomedical problems from a biochemical, biophysical, pharmacological, and toxicological perspective.   Volume I contained 117 contributions made by researchers at the symposium, which were organized into three sections (Sections I-III). This second volume contains 122 contributions, divided into four sections (Sections IV-VII). The papers on Section IV examine the metabolic fate of oxygenated compounds. Section V provides studies on microsomal enzymes and lipid metabolism. Section VI includes papers on microsomal enzymes and toxicity of foreign compounds. Section VII covers microsomal enzymes and chemical mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.  This book seeks to aid future progress in understanding the complexities of metabolic transformations by these versatile enzyme systems that act on physiologically important lipids as well as on a wide array of foreign substances, including drugs, anesthetics, industrial chemicals, food additives, pesticides, carcinogens, and nonnutrient dietary chemicals.

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The Quality of Foods and Beverages, Volume I: Chemistry and Technology contains the proceedings of the second International Flavor Conference held in Athens, Greece, on July 20-24, 1980. The conference presents findings of 105 scientists from 20 countries on the chemistry and technology underlying the quality of foods and beverages.  This volume is composed of 26 papers presented in the conference. It encompasses topics on the future of the flavor industry; interactions of flavor compounds with food components; interaction of cyclodextrins with taste substances; some aspects of the chemistry of naturally occurring pyrazines; and the taste and flavor enhancing properties of hydrolyzed protein. It also describes the molecular approaches to sweetness quantitation; flavor potentiating properties of thaumatin; flavor quality of ginger powders; and flavor recovery from mushroom blanching water. Additionally, this volume discusses quality, particularly, flavor of alcoholic beverages, wheat, bread, Queso Blanco, fruit, citrus juices, and cheese.  This book provides a comprehensive research reports on numerous chemical and technological facets of the quality of foods and beverages to all practitioners involved.