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Catalysis in Coal Conversion tells of the advances in catalysis and related fields in order to suggest decisive contributions towards finding solutions for the catalytic problems of coal conversion. The book also details the preparation, mode of action, and behavior of various catalysts.   The book is divided into three major parts, the first of which discusses the advances of catalysis during the last two decades including the bimetallic catalysts. Other areas of interest covered in the first part include characterization and preparation of catalysts; poisoning and regeneration; and reaction mechanisms. Part II summarizes the developments of related disciplines such as reactor engineering, inorganic and organometallic chemistry, materials science, and surface science. The last part serves as a review of the nature of the different coal liquefaction processes and their products.   This book is of value to chemists and chemical engineers involved in coal conversion or fuel processing researches. Chemistry teachers and students can also use this book for examples of practical applications in industrial catalysis.

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The Biochemistry of the Nucleic Acids provides an elementary outline of the main biochemical features of nucleic acids and nucleoproteins. The book describes the occurrence and biological functions of nucleic acids, their chemical constituents, and catabolism.  This text is organized into 14 chapters and begins with a historical overview, from the discovery of the nucleic acids to their isolation and characterization. The discussion then shifts to bacterial transforming factors and transduction phenomena, along with the genetic function and metabolic stability of DNA, the chemical composition of the cell nucleus, and the Feulgen nucleal reaction. The reader is methodically introduced to the structure and biosynthesis of RNA and DNA; nucleic acids found in viruses; and biosynthesis of mononucleotides. An account of nucleases and related enzymes is also given. A chapter on the precise mechanism by which nucleic acids are broken down in the cell concludes the book.  This book is intended for students of biochemistry, chemists, and biologists.

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The Role of Insectivorous Birds in Forest Ecosystems

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The Role of Insectivorous Birds in Forest Ecosystems is a publication of the proceedings of The Role of Insectivorous Birds in Forest Ecosystems symposium, held on July 13 and 14, 1978 at Nacogdoches, Texas. The proceedings discuss the ecology of insectivorous birds and acknowledge their roles in forest ecosystems.  The book begins with an introduction to and history of insectivorous birds and their roles in forest ecosystems. It then discusses the sampling methods for bird and insect populations, bird foraging strategies, and ecology of insectivorous bird species and communities.  This book will be helpful to forest managers in managing insectivorous birds. It is also especially valuable in formulating biological control strategies for use in forests.

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Biochemical Correlates of Brain Structure and Function

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Biochemical Correlates of Brain Structure and Function deals with the biochemical correlates of brain structure and function, providing some examples of contemporary work interrelating structure with function of the nervous system. The developing brain provides a system for this kind of study, but broad correlates are also drawn between changing biochemistry and increasing physiological activity.  This book is organized into nine chapters and begins with an overview of biochemical, morphological, and functional changes in the developing brain, as well as the underlying molecular basis of nerve differentiation and growth of the developing brain. An account of the concept of the cell cycle and its control is also given. The reader is methodically introduced to the properties of the developing retina and its functional biochemistry, with specific reference to the cyclic nucleotides; the use of selective lesioning to delineate GABA-ergic and cholinergic tracts as well as the catecholamine pathways; and cerebral blood flow alteration in concert with mental activity. The remaining chapters explore regions of the brain with altered glucose utilization in response to changes in local functional activity; the physiologically important factors regulating the supply of oxygen and glucose and the relation of metabolic rate to the metabolic state of the brain; and varying aspects of behavioral neurochemistry.  This book is intended for chemists and biologists as well as students of biochemistry.

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Human Laterality presents the main facts of human laterality as they are known. Drawing on evidence from normal, intact human beings and neurological patients, along with material on asymmetries in other species, this book traces the development of laterality, its evolution, and inheritance. This text also reviews the literature on the relation between laterality and developmental disorders of speech and language, including dyslexia, stuttering, and dysphasia.  This book is organized into nine chapters and begins with an overview of the development of knowledge and ideas about laterality over the course of history. This text gives an account of the myths that abound regarding handedness, including the association of right with male and left with female, with the goal of demythologizing human laterality. It argues that there is a common basis to both handedness and cerebral lateralization, and indeed to other manifestations of human laterality such as eyedness and footedness, and that lateralization is fundamentally biological rather than sociocultural. Human laterality is also seen as an innate disposition rather than a matter of learning or imitation. In the final chapter, this book speculates about the possible origins of laterality in the fundamental asymmetries of living molecules and of particle physics.  This book is essential reading for biologists and researchers interested in the human anatomy.

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Interfacial Phenomena explores the more primary properties of different liquid interfaces. This book is divided into eight chapters, where Chapter 1 establishes the basic concepts of the physics of surfaces, including the properties of matter in the surface layer. Chapters 2 and 3 further discuss the concepts of electrostatic and electrokinetic phenomena, respectively. Other areas discussed in the later chapters include adsorption at liquid interfaces; properties of monolayers; reactions at liquid interfaces; and mass transfer across interfaces. Chapter 8 discusses the more relevant aspects of disperse systems and adhesion as related to the interfacial properties discussed in the previous chapters.  The text is a valuable source of information to students and researchers in the fields of chemistry, biology, and chemical engineering and can also be used for industrial and academic laboratories.

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Genetic Control of Insect Pests focuses on laboratory and field trials of genetic control methods of insects, which entails the use of insects to control themselves. It particularly describes species-specific and non-polluting genetic methods that have the advantage over most other methods of being efficient when the target insect is in low density, as the released insects have the capacity to search out the wild populations.   Composed of nine chapters, the core parts of the book cover the mass-rearing, sterilization, and release of populations in the hope that these will mate with wild populations, leading to fertility reduction and population elimination. The book also examines techniques that use naturally existing population incompatibilities and techniques, which can result in population replacement rather than eradication with the intention to render such replacement populations harmless beforehand by genetic manipulation.  This book is a valuable source of information for those who are searching for biological alternatives of insect pests control.

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Differences in Visual Perception: The Individual Eye examines the differences in visual perception that can occur in various circumstances when observers perceive the same event. More specifically, the book considers the distinction between what happens when a person looks at the world directly and when he sits with his eyes closed and thinks.   This book is organized into five chapters and begins with an overview of differences in perception that are in operation for only a short time, emphasizing the distinction between short and long-term effects and at what point short becomes long. The reader is then introduced to the development of perception, touching on topics such as the nature-nurture issue, visual acuity and visual discrimination, color-vision, space perception, and attentional processes. The ambiguity of the stimulus is also discussed, along with the perceptual theory known as transactionalism, how the visual world is interpreted, and the nature of the input to the visual system. The theme that runs throughout this work is the fact that the same external input does not necessarily bring about in all of us the same perception.  This book will prove useful to students as well as established researchers interested in visual perception and cognition.

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Methods in Nonlinear Plasma Theory is from lectures given in graduate classes in both University of Maryland and University of California at Berkeley. To be able to understand fully the contents in this book, the reader is assumed to be a graduate student with background of classical physics and linear plasma waves and instabilities.   This text is divided into two major parts. Part I deals with the coherent nonlinear phenomena, while Part II discusses the turbulent nonlinear phenomena. Six chapters comprise Part I, where basic equations and methods are described and discussed. Some of these methods are Vlasov-Maxwell equations and Korteweg-de Vries equation. Part II meanwhile has eight chapters that discuss frameworks and theories for weak plasma turbulence. Specifically, the weak turbulence theory is presented as it is applied to electromagnetic wave-particle interactions, nonlinear wave-wave interactions, and nonlinear wave-particle interactions.   This book is a useful reference for students and researchers in the study of classical physics and plasma theory.

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Plant Geography: With Special Reference to North America covers main concepts of the two major approaches to plant geography, namely, the floristic plant geography and the ecologic plant geography. Floristic plant geography primarily studies evolutionary divergence, migration, and decline of taxa, as influenced by past events of the earths history. Ecologic plant geography is an alternative approach to plant geography, which takes plant communities as units having ranges to be interpreted, dominated by sociologic and physiologic, rather than phylogenetic and historic considerations.  Under the floristic plant geography part, topics covered include interrelations among floristic plant geography, taxonomy, and geology; the relation between plant dissemination and migration; evidence of the dynamic character of plant ranges; and migratory route. After a brief introduction to the evolution of North and South America vegetation, the book discusses the ecologic plant geography section that focuses on various vegetation regions in North America, including Tundra, subarctic-subalpine forest, temperate mesophytic, xerophytic forest, and chaparral and steppe regions and temperate affinity forests in Middle America. Other regions examined include the desert and marine regions, as well as the microphyllous woodland, tropical savanna, rain forest, and tropical alpine.  With great information on geologic history of each vegetation unit and paleontology, this book will be helpful to paleobotanists, historical geologists, and taxonomists.

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Methods in Mammalian Reproduction presents some of the techniques for manipulating, analyzing, observing, testing, and generally experimenting with mammalian mothers and their gametes and embryos. Mammalian reproduction involves an intimate relationship between mother and embryo. The first 18 chapters are arranged in an order that follows a developmental sequence from oocyte to fetal organs and the remaining seven chapters deal with the maternal side of the relationship.   With strong focus on laboratory rodents and lagomorphs, the book starts with an introduction to in vitro oocyte maturation and experimental production of mammalian parthenogenetic. It goes on to describe the microtechniques in pre-implantation of embryos, production of chimeras, techniques for early embryonic tissue separation, mammalian embryo preservation by freezing, and in vitro development of whole mouse embryos beyond the implantation stage. Chapters 11-15 discuss the in vitro implantation of mouse blastocysts, advances in rabbit embryo and in large mammal embryo cultures, embryo transfer in large domestic mammals, and manipulation of marsupial embryos and pouch young. The following chapters cover reproduction experiments using marsupials, domestic farm species, and primates including humans. Finally, the concluding chapters tackle the use of amniocentesis in prenatal diagnosis, collection and analysis of female genital tract secretions, analysis of antifertility action of intrauterine devices, and surgical induction of endometriosis.  This book will be helpful to students, teachers, researchers, and clinical researchers who demand for more and better procedures for analysis of mammalian reproduction.

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Remote Sensing of atmospheres and Oceans

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Remote Sensing of Atmospheres and Oceans presents the technical proceedings of a workshop on the interpretation of remotely sensed data, held in Williamsburg, Virginia in May 1979. The main topic of the workshop is the interpretation and assessment of measurements acquired in remote sounding of different atmospheric and ocean parameters.  The book contains 25 papers that cover the following topics: remote sounding of atmospheric temperature; trace gases; precipitation and aerosols; sea surface temperature; ocean color; and winds. These papers are grouped into eight parts under major topics such as inversion methods, aerosol sounding, remote sounding, gaseous constituent retrievals, and interpretation of results from space.  The text is a valuable source of information to students and professionals in the fields of atmospheric physics, applied science, meteorology, and engineering.

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The Eye, 3rd Edition, Volume lA: Vegetative Physiology and Biochemistry is devoted to the vegetative physiology and biochemistry of the eye. The book reviews significant progress in the anatomy of the eye and its physiological and biochemical aspects, particularly the structure of the tissues concerning the ocular fluid, the flow of aqueous humor, measurement of the intraocular pressure, and the macromolecular composition of the vitreus.  This edition is organized into four chapters and begins with an overview of the anatomy of the human eye, paying particular attention to the orbit and adnexa, the eyeball, and motor and supporting apparatus of the eye. The reader is then introduced to the formation of ocular fluid, the structures in immediate contact with it in the ciliary body, and the anatomical aspects of the vascular circulation in the ciliary body. An account of the chemistry of the aqueous humor and factors affecting the intraocular pressure is also given. The book concludes by discussing the structure and function of the vitreus, focusing on the gel vitreus and liquid vitreus, as well as the rheological state and concentration of collagen, NaHA and proteins in the vitreus of various species from humans to frogs.  This book is of interest to students and researchers in fields ranging from ocular science to physiology and biochemistry.

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The Eye, 3rd Edition, Volume lb: Vegetative Physiology and Biochemistry deals with the vegetative physiology and biochemistry of the eye. The book reviews major advances in the anatomy of the eye and its physiological and biochemical aspects, particularly the cornea and sclera, the ordered state of the lens, and lens development, growth and regeneration.  This edition is organized into three chapters and begins with an overview of the mechanical and optical properties of the cornea and sclera and their relationship to the underlying structure of the tissue. This book shows that, in the cornea, the maintenance of the tissue structure requires the constant action of a fluid transport system dependent upon metabolic energy. The pathways of corneal nutrition, the sensitive corneal innervation, and the growth processes in the cornea and sclera are also discussed, emphasizing the mammalian cornea. The next chapter examines the use of physical and chemical techniques to determine how the ordered state of the lens is maintained and why that state is susceptible to chaotropic attack. Finally, an account of the metabolism of the lens and how cataract forms is given.  This book is a valuable resource for students and researchers in fields ranging from ocular science to physiology and biochemistry.

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Protein Transfer and Organelle Biogenesis

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Protein Transfer and Organelle Biogenesis is a seven-section volume focusing on the property of proteins to carry signals for secretion, mitochondrial assembly, and lysosomal localizations. It describes how these signals function and determines other factors necessary in building and maintaining the functions of a cell.   Organized into seven sections encompassing 19 chapters, the book deals with the general aspects of protein translocation, modification, and sorting. It discusses the transport into the endoplasmic reticulum, the role of carbohydrates in glycoprotein trafficking, and the mechanism of endo- and exocytosis. It further discusses the localization of proteins to the mitochondrion and nucleus and with bacterial protein transport. The final section emphasizes the contribution secretion research that the biotechnology industry has made to the production of proteins.  Biologists, cell biologists, researchers, teachers, and students who are interested in the mechanism of protein transfer and organelle biogenesis will find this book invaluable.

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The Physics and Chemistry of Physical Adsorption

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Films on Solid Surfaces presents the physics and chemistry of physical adsorption. This book contains 10 chapters that are ordered according to the flow of a course given in a graduate study in University of Washington during 1973.   The introductory chapter presents the motivation for the completion of the book. As the motivating factors are established, the book follows with the topic on atomic nature of physical adsorption and the states of single adsorbed atoms. A review of experimental techniques for the study of solid surfaces and films is given, as well as a discussion of substrate preparation and equilibrium thermodynamics. The various states of films and their phase transitions encompass four chapters. Lastly, the book also reviews thin film superfluidity.  This book specifically caters to scientists in the fields of physics and biology working on physical adsorption and surface science.

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Variable plants and herbivores in natural and managed systems

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Variable Plants and Herbivores in Natural and Managed Systems examines individual, population, species, and community responses of herbivores to plant variation, with emphasis on insects, fungi, bacteria, and viruses. It is divided into five parts encompassing 18 chapters that discuss variability as a mechanism of defense used by plants against their parasites and the effects of variability on herbivores at several different levels of complexity.  After a brief discussion on plant-herbivore interactions, the first part of this book considers sources of within-plant variation and effects on the distribution and abundance of herbivores. Part II examines interplant variation, the co-evolutionary problems it poses for herbivores, and the ecological and evolutionary responses of these animals. It discusses the effects of host-plant variability on the fitness of sedentary herbivorous insects. Part III discusses the role of host variability in the evolution of feeding specialization, genetic differentiation, and race formation. The importance of host variation to the organization of herbivore communities and the manipulation of host-plant variability for the management of herbivore pest populations are presented in the remaining parts.   This book will be helpful to agriculturists, silviculturists, biologists, and researchers who wish to expand their knowledge in dynamics of plant-herbivore relationships.

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Central Cholinergic Systems and Behaviour

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Central Cholinergic Systems and behavior reviews experimental evidence on the possible involvement of central cholinergic systems in the regulation of animal behavior. More specifically, the book investigates the role of acetylcholine as a transmitter in the mammalian spinal cord and in central nervous function. This text also describes cholinergic involvement in some of the more fundamental processes of central nervous functions and how it may fit into overall cholinergic and non-cholinergic behavioral patterns.  This book is organized into seven chapters and begins with an overview of the link between central cholinergic mechanisms and behavior, and then discusses the cholinergic roles in consciousness, emphasizing on the roles of reticular systems in the arousal mechanism. An effort is made to define the cholinergic nature of some spinal mechanisms that are apparently involved in reflexes and posture. An account of the role of cholinergic mechanisms in central respiratory control is also given, along with the function of acetylcholine as an important transmitter at many sites of the central nervous system. The book concludes by analyzing the roles of cholinergic systems in motivated behaviors, emotion, learning, and memory.  This book is a valuable resource for students and researchers in fields ranging from physiology to biology and psychiatry.

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Relaxation Phenomena in condensed Matter Physics

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Relaxation Phenomena in Condensed Matter Physics features various methods for spectroscopy techniques presented in this book and the relation of these techniques to correlation functions. This book aims to present the similarities and differences between different studies of the relaxation phenomena and to come up with a unified theoretical approach.   This text is divided into two major parts, A and B. Part A deals briefly with several spectroscopy experiments and how they can be analyzed in terms of correlation functions. Spectroscopy techniques are likewise discussed in this part. Part B focuses on the stochastic theory of the said correlation functions, where each stochastic model is situated in the context of a physical process. The result of the calculations is then related to one of the experiments featured in Part A. These stochastic methods provide a simple mathematical framework in analyzing relaxation phenomena that can be related to diffusion process.  This book is targeted to graduate students who have already taken quantum and statistical physics and is a good reference to students, scientists, and researchers in the field of condensed matter physics.

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Laser Light Scattering: Basic Principles and Practice, Second Edition deals with the technical aspects of laser light scattering, including the basic principles and practice. Topics covered include light scattering theory, optical mixing spectrometry, photon correlation spectroscopy, and interferometry. Experimental methods and methods of data analysis are also described.  This book is comprised of eight chapters and begins with a discussion on the interrelationship between laser light scattering and other types of scattering techniques that use X-rays and neutrons, with particular reference to momentum and energy transfers as well as time-averaged and time-dependent scattered intensity. The spectrum of scattered light and a single-particle approach to time-averaged scattered intensity are considered. The following chapters focus on photoelectric detection of the scattered electric field; optical mixing spectrometers; basic equations for photon correlation spectroscopy; and the principles of Fabry-Perot interferometry. The pertinent features of the experimental aspects of laser light scattering are also outlined, together with the Laplace inversion problem. The final chapter examines polymer molecular-weight distributions in relation to particle sizing.  This monograph will be of interest to physicists.