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The Molecular Biology of the Bacilli: Volume II is a collection of material relevant to the basic knowledge of the bacillus system and to the development of the bacillus system for industrial applications. This volume presents bacillus research studies on the unique characteristics of bacilli and its interesting comparisons with other bacteria, specifically Escherichia coli.   The first four chapters focus on the Bacillus subtilis, specifically the translational specificity, DNA repair, chemotaxis, and sporulation. Chapter 5 discusses the protoplast fusion in bacillus while Chapter 6 delves on the secretion of proteins by bacilli. Chapter 7 explores the function of bacilli as insecticide. Bacillus thuringiensis is also mentioned in this chapter. This topic is further discussed in Chapter 8 where the genetics and molecular biology of B. thuringiensis are discussed.   This volume aims to be of help to students and researchers in various fields of biochemistry, genetics, biological sciences, and microbiology.

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The Chemistry and Biochemistry of Selected Compounds

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Plant Pigments, Flavors and Textures: The Chemistry and Biochemistry of Selected Compounds focuses on the chemistry and biochemistry of compounds responsible for the pigments, flavors, and textures of some fruits and vegetables. Since much of the information presented is scattered in the scientific literature, an attempt has been made to integrate the material into a concise yet comprehensive text.  The book is organized into three sections that deal separately with pigments, flavors, and textures. Section I discusses pigment degradation during processing and storage as well as attempts to prevent color deterioration. Section II examines the biogenesis of several groups of compounds that contribute to flavor. Section III deals with the chemistry and biochemistry of plant cell wall components and their relation to texture.  This book will be useful to food scientists as well as those interested in foods. The extensive references cited in the text will enable the reader to pursue any of the topics discussed, in more depth.

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Thermodynamics of Clouds is Volume 6 of the International Geophysics Series. This volume is an attempt to be a single reference of meteorological works of thermodynamical problems in relation to surface tension and adsorption. Numerous applications of various formulas accompany the text for further understanding of the reader to the concepts featured.  The book is divided into 13 chapters where Chapters 1-6 serve as the first part of the book and the second part is from Chapter 7 to Chapter 13. The first part generally discusses and establishes the general formulas of the thermodynamics of surfaces. The method used by the authors is the one by Defay and Prigogine of studying systems in a state of partial equilibrium. The second part of the volume applies the general formulas established in Chapters 1-6 into some meteorological problems such as studies of a droplet or ice crystal suspended in the atmosphere.  The text can be used by both graduate and undergraduate students with interest in thermodynamics and climate studies. Professionals such as meteorologists can also use this book as reference in solving some meteorological problems.

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Neurobiology of Sleep and Memory is the textual result of a symposium regarding the basic neurological processes in the storage of different kinds of memories (short-term and long-term). This book gives much focus on the relationship of sleep and memory and how they preserve personality and all its characteristics. The study of the interrelation of the two bodily processes also aims to help clarify neurological bases of disorders of sleep and memory and other forms of mental illness.  This text consists of 23 chapters that encompass a wide span of topics regarding sleep and memory. Some of these topics include blood-brain barrier; protein synthesis in RNA and central nervous system; neuronal activity patterns during REM sleep; post-trial reticular stimulation; and sleep-related hormones. This book also discusses the phylogenetic correlations of sleep and memory not just in mammals but also in reptiles, amphibians, fishes, and birds.   This reference material is a valuable source of information to both students and professionals studying biology, psychology, pharmacology, and neuroscience.

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Proceedings of an International Symposium held in Glasgow, September 1974

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Water Relations of Foods consists of proceedings of an international symposium on Water Relations of Foods held in Glasgow, in September 1974.  Organized into seven sections, the book presents the various papers delivered in the symposium. It describes the physical chemistry of water in simple systems as well as in the more complex food component systems (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins), with emphasis on the nature of the intermolecular forces involved. It also reports the various techniques used to measure the state of water in food and in model systems made up of food components. Furthermore, the book discusses water activity and the growth of food spoilage and pathogenic organism; water relations of enzymic and non-enzymic deteriorative reactions in food; effects of freezing and thawing of water in food systems; and the significant aspects of food quality as affected by water in the system. Lastly, the modification of the state of water in foods is addressed.   This publication will indeed help advance the understanding on this field of interest.

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Structural Studies on Nucleic acids and Other Biopolymers

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Physico-chemical Properties of Nucleic Acids, Volume II basically deals with the structural studies on nucleic acids and other biopolymers. This volume gives much emphasis on conformational changes using spectroscopic techniques and also on methods of thermodynamics and hydrodynamics.   Volume II begins with Chapter 10 as continuation of Volume I and discusses the infrared and Raman spectroscopy of nucleic acids and polynucleotides. Chapter 11 delves further into the topic of infrared and Raman spectra particularly the vibrations in the base-residues. This volume also highlights the topic of RNA, where the structure of viral RNA and nuclear magnetic resonance studies of transfer RNAs in solution are covered. The last two chapters discuss the concept of thermodynamic and hydrodynamic properties of conformation transitions and changes.  This volume caters to both students and researchers in various fields of science, such as biology, chemistry, molecular biology, biophysics, and microbiology.

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The Physiological Basis of Memory, Second Edition reviews many areas of research that shed light on the physiological basis of memory, from mnemonic function and memory facilitation to synaptic transmission. The book also considers neuropsychology involving animal subjects, learning produced by direct brain stimulation, and the basis of associative learning at the cellular level.  This edition is organized into 10 chapters and begins with an overview of the link between protein synthesis and memory, paying attention to studies devoted to chemical changes associated with learning; the effect of inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis on learning; the molecular code of memory; and the role of proteins in learning. The reader is methodically introduced to the enhancement of memory consolidation; the use of the cellular-connection approach to investigate both non-associative and associative learning; and the effect of depression on memory storage. The following chapters discuss the impact of brain lesions on animal memory; the neurology of memory and amnesia in human and nonhuman primates; the function of the neural substrate for self-stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle; and the effects of electroconvulsive shock on memory. A chapter on the role of catecholamines in memory processing concludes the book.  This book should be useful to researchers and students interested in the physiology of memory.

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The Population Dynamics of the Mucajai Yanomama

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The Population Dynamics of the Mucajai Yanomama is an analysis of the Mucajai Yanomama, an Indian foraging/horticultural group located in northern Brazil. The text is an investigation of the population dynamics of the Yanomama Indians, using methods of quantitative demography and qualitative ethnography. The timeline of text focuses from 1958 to 1987, from their first ever contact with representative of the ""outer world"".  The book is divided into four major parts and comprised of a total of 10 chapters. Part One introduces the tribe of the Mucajai Yanomama and discusses their population dynamics, as well as provides an overview of postcontact period of 28 years. Part Two focuses on the demographic issues of the tribe. This part looks into variables, such as fertility, mortality, and migration, to understand factors such as cultural antecedents and age-sex structure. Part Three serves as a synthesis of the demographic variables and their relation to each other. The other issue synthesized in this part of the book is the impact of population structure to the cultural practices of the tribe. Lastly, Part Four provides the conclusion of the study and compares the results to other studies of Yanomama groups.  The text is a helpful resource mostly to anthropologists and evolutionary demographers, but can also be a reference to anyone who studies population dynamics.

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Leukocyte Membrane Determinants Regulating Immune Reactivity

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Leukocyte Membrane Determinants Regulating Immune Reactivity is a result of the Leukocyte Culture Conference meeting held at Amsterdam in 1975. Abstracts presented in the meeting are compiled in this book. The topics of these abstracts are all under leukocyte biology and include not just lymphocytes but also monocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes.  The text is composed of six major sections. The first section features abstracts that deal with ligand binding and subsequent changes in membrane. Section II focuses on the receptors on lymphocytes in the context of various subpopulations. Immune reactivity, specifically its augmentation or suppression, is the main topic of Section III. Gene products are emphasized in Section IV, while effector functions of membrane determinants are tackled in Section V. Finally, Section VI features leukocyte membrane determinants in differentiation and maturation.  The book presents much detailed information that will be of great help to students or professionals in the study of biology, specifically leukocyte biology.

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Biological Electrochemistry, Volume I is a result of a series of lectures given regarding the electrochemistry of small and large organic and inorganic molecules and how electrochemical information helps in understanding some of the biological redox reactions of these systems. This volume ultimately focuses on the electrochemistry of small and macromolecular organic compounds.   This book is divided into seven chapters where each focuses on a particular organic compound. These compounds are quinones, catecholamines, phenothiazines, ascorbic acid, purines, vitamin B12 and related compounds, and proteins. Each chapter starts with a brief introduction to the compounds and then its structure and electrochemistry aspect. The last chapter gives a detailed discussion on different kinds of proteins and their electrochemistry aspects.   This volume will be of help to students as well as electrochemists, biochemists, biologists, and other scientists in the field of biotechnology.

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Optical properties of Inhomogeneous materials

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Applications to geology, astronomy chemistry, and engineering

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Optical Properties of Inhomogeneous Materials: Applications to Geology, Astronomy, Chemistry, and Engineering reviews the results of studies of the optical properties of inhomogeneous materials and provides a guide for solving a number of related scientific and engineering problems based on these studies. Some of these studies focus on the surface and atmosphere of Mars, the earth's atmosphere, and the interstellar medium. The tools necessary for modeling the radiation scattered from diffuse surfaces are also described.   Comprised of 12 chapters, this book begins with a brief introduction to the formalism for optical properties of inhomogeneous materials, followed by a description of surface scattering models in order of increasing complexity and a discussion of atmospheric scattering by particulates. The experimental approaches for the determination of the refractive and absorptive components of the optical complex indices of refraction are then considered. Subsequent chapters present actual diffuse surface modeling examples and discuss applications such as remote sensing of planetary surfaces; study of the interstellar medium; research on thermal energy collectors; analysis of coatings and paints; and remote mineral exploration.  This monograph will be of interest to scientists, students, and researchers in different disciplines such as geology, optical mineralogy, astronomy, chemistry, soil mechanics, mechanical engineering, and optics.

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The Principles and Practice of Human Physiology

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The Principles and Practice of Human Physiology reflects the progress of human physiology and presents developments through instrumentation and field work. This book is a continuation of previous texts on human physiology and survival, but focuses more on the aspect of human endeavor.  The text comprises of 12 chapters with an additional article at the beginning (written by one of the authors) and a postscript regarding human experimentation and the ethics of it. Chapter 1 lays the foundation with a discussion on the history of human physiology. The succeeding chapters tackle and focus on aspects of physiology such as work, thermal, underwater, locomotor and postural, and stress. A chapter on instrumentation and physiological measurements is also featured in the text.  The book will be a good source of valuable information to many students and professionals in the field of physiology, biology, medicine, and pharmacology.

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The Porphyrins, Volume IV: Physical Chemistry, Part B focuses on the physical chemistry of porphyrins, their precursors, catabolic derivatives, and related compounds. The book covers nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of diamagnetic and paramagnetic porphyrins and electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy of chlorophylls and related systems. It also encompasses electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy of porphyrin pi cations and anions, porphyrin excited states, metalloporphyrins, hemoproteins, and hemes.  This volume is organized into nine chapters and begins with an overview of NMR theory and the use of NMR spectroscopy to study diamagnetic porphyrins and paramagnetic metalloporphyrins. The discussion then shifts to the theory of ENDOR spectroscopy and the application of ENDOR spectroscopy to analysis of chlorophylls, ESR of pi cations and anions of porphyrins as well as porphyrin excited states, and electron paramagnetic resonance and Mossbauer spectra of hemoproteins. The reader is also introduced to ESR and the electronic structure of metalloporphyrins. A chapter on Mossbauer spectroscopy of iron porphyrins concludes the book.  This book is a valuable resource for inorganic, organic, physical, and biochemists interested in the physical chemistry of porphyrins.

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VLSI Handbook is a reference guide on very large scale integration (VLSI) microelectronics and its aspects such as circuits, fabrication, and systems applications. This handbook readily answers specific questions and presents a systematic compilation of information regarding the VLSI technology.  There are a total of 52 chapters in this book and are grouped according to the fields of design, materials and processes, and examples of specific system applications. Some of the chapters under fields of design are design automation for integrated circuits and computer tools for integrated circuit design. For the materials and processes, there are many chapters that discuss this aspect. Some of them are manufacturing process technology for metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) VLSI; MOS VLSI circuit technology; and facilities for VLSI circuit fabrication. Other concepts and materials discussed in the book are the use of silicon material in different processes of VLSI, nitrides, silicides, metallization, and plasma.  This handbook is very useful to students of engineering and physics. Also, researchers (in physics and chemistry of materials and processes), device designers, and system designers can also benefit from this book.

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The Radiation Chemistry of Macromolecules

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The Radiation Chemistry of Macromolecules is the first from a two-volume series aiming to contribute to the radiation chemistry in general. The chapters in this volume are divided into two major parts, where the first part deals with the basic processes and theory, while the second part tackles experimental techniques and applications to polyethylene.  Part I focuses on the discussion on general principles of radiation effects; fundamental concepts on energy transfer; and the theory of free radicals. The subject of polymers is discussed thoroughly in several chapters including its molecular mobilities and electrical conductivity. Part II presents experimental techniques and a description of the radiation chemistry of a single polymer. This part also includes a discussion on the morphology of polyethylene and free radicals in irradiated polyethylene.  This book is an important reference to students and scientists in the field of radiation chemistry of macromolecules.

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The Porphyrins, Volume VII: Biochemistry, Part B is devoted to the biochemistry of porphyrins, their precursors, and related compounds. The book covers the structure and function of the major heme proteins and their reconstitution and metal substitution, along with proteins derived from green photosynthetic bacteria.  This volume is organized into 11 chapters and begins with an introduction to the cytochrome oxidase, paying particular attention to its isolation and characterization as well as biosynthesis. The discussion then turns to the electron transfer functions of cytochromes b and c; the structure of cytochrome c; and the proposed structures for peroxidases, catalases, and chloroperoxidase. The following chapters explore the biochemical mechanism and control of the catalytic function of cytochrome P-450 and associated electron transport chains, metal substitution in hemoglobin and myoglobin, and reconstitution experiments on various hemoproteins with particular attention to the removal of heme and reassembly into a heme-protein complex, along with protein folding around the heme.  This book will be of interest to inorganic, organic, physical, and biochemists involved in the study of the biochemistry of porphyrins.

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The Porphyrins, Volume II: Structure and Synthesis, Part B is devoted to the structure and synthesis of porphyrins, their precursors, catabolic derivatives, and related systems. The book also covers nomenclature, history, geochemistry, purification, and structural determination of porphyrins, metalloporphyrins, and mono- and polypyrrolic compounds.  This volume is organized into 10 chapters and begins with an overview of hydroporphyrins, paying particular attention to their synthesis and stereochemistry as well as reactivity, spectroscopy, and analogues. This book then discusses the synthesis, properties, thermodynamic stability, and evolution of porphyrinogens. The following chapters focus on porphyrins reversibly modified at the periphery by oxidation (oxophlorins) and by irreversible reactions at the periphery. The synthesis of photoexcited porphyrins, metalloporphyrins, and chlorophylls is covered. In addition, chapters on linear polypyrroles, their metal complexes, and macrocycles other than porphyrins are included.  This book should be useful to inorganic, organic, physical, and biochemists interested in porphyrin chemistry and biochemistry.

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The Radiation Chemistry of Water tackles radiation-induced changes in water and explains the behavior of irradiated water, with some changes in aqueous solutions. This book deals primarily with short-lived species like the hydroxyl radical, hydrated electron, and hydrogen atom, which cause the chemical changes in irradiated water and aqueous solutions. These species and their origin, properties, and dependence of their yields on various factors are discussed in several chapters. Other topics also covered are the diffusion-kinetic model of water radiolysis and some general cases, radiation sources, and dosimetry.  This book is most useful to students in the fields of radiation chemistry, physical chemistry, radiobiology, and nuclear technology.

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Underwater Research is primarily a review of problems in underwater viewing and hearing and acoustics. The chapters in this book are papers collated from the symposia of the Underwater Association. This book explores the need for the further study of the physiological and psychological reactions of divers. The book also concludes that diving is still the best way in studying the benthic ecology and sunken wrecks and cities.  The text is divided into 25 detailed chapters. Most of the topics in the text address the common problems encountered by divers such as in hearing and viewing. Specifically, problems in diver communication, depth estimation, color distinction are some of the topics covered. Other chapters deal with the psychological reactions such as anxiety, narcosis, and visual attention. Also, some chapters tackle solutions and experiments for the improvement of diving techniques and equipment.  This reference is helpful to divers, students, and scientists involved in marine and environmental science.

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Environment and the Experimental Control of Plant Growth

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Environment and the Experimental Control of Plant Growth centers on the general role of environmental factors in plant growth and methods of providing the desired levels and limit of control.  The book is organized into seven chapters focusing on the various factors in the environment, such as temperature, light, carbon dioxide, and water. It also describes the controlled environments for plant research.   This book will help biologists understand what he is buying or constructing in terms of environment variability in plant growth facilities. It will also provide some help and guidance to those who have encountered the problem of not obtaining the degree of control they have expected in the units they have in hand.