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Germfree Life and Gnotobiology focuses on the theory and general aspects of germfree research and gnotobiology. Using a phylogenetic approach, the book provides a summary of germfree work in all phyla, from bacteria and viruses to protozoans and invertebrates. It characterizes germfree vertebrates based on data on morphology, biochemistry, nutrition, serology, and physiology.   This book is organized into six chapters and begins with an overview of germfree life and gnotobiology, including biological isolation as the basis of germfree life, germfree conditions in nature, and the biological significance of germfree research. A section is devoted to nomenclature and terminology. The chapters on methods and nutrition are sufficiently detailed to serve as guides for experimental work. The book concludes with a chapter on exploratory research that explores the inoculation of germfree animals with known kinds of microorganisms. Terms have been introduced to describe concepts and provide precise communication.  This book is a valuable source of information for scientists and researchers engaged in germfree research as a biological tool.

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Fundamentals of Chemistry: A Modern Introduction (1966)

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Fundamentals of Chemistry: A Modern Introduction focuses on the formulas, processes, and methodologies used in the study of chemistry.  The book first looks at general and historical remarks, definitions of chemical terms, and the classification of matter and states of aggregation. The text then discusses gases. Ideal gases; pressure of a gas confined by a liquid; Avogadro's Law; and Graham's Law are described. The book also discusses aggregated states of matter, atoms and molecules, chemical equations and arithmetic, thermochemistry, and chemical periodicity. The text also highlights the electronic structures of atoms. Quantization of electricity; spectra of elements; quantization of the energy of an electron associated with nucleus; the Rutherford-Bohr nuclear theory; hydrogen atom; and representation of the shapes of atomic orbitals are explained.  The text also highlights the types of chemical bonds, hydrocarbons and their derivatives, intermolecular forces, solutions, and chemical equilibrium. The book focuses as well on ionic solutions, galvanic cells, and acids and bases. It also discusses the structure and basicity of hydrides and oxides. The reactivity of hydrides; charge of dispersal and basicity; effect of anionic charge; inductive effect and basicity; and preparation of acids are described.  The book is a good source of information for readers wanting to study chemistry.

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General Cytochemical Methods, Volume II focuses on methods and techniques employed in the studies of the biochemistry of cells.  Composed of eight chapters, the book looks at immersion refractometry of living cells by phase contrast and interference microscopy. Areas considered include interpretation of refractive index measurements as indicator of hydration; immersion refractometry with phase-contrast microscopy; and practical aspects of checking phase-change with interference microscopes.  The text continues with the discussions on the Cartesian diver balance method. Particularly noted are the standards, principle, applications, and precision of the method, which has been proven effective in microgasometric measurements. The book also focuses on quantitative determination through a special ""ampulla-diver"" of the cholinesterase activity in cells. Given attention are the materials, methods, and results of experiments. The text also looks at periodate oxidation techniques; acylation and diazonium coupling in protein cytochemistry with special reference to the benzoylation-tetrazonium method; and the use of dinitrobenzene as a cytochemical reagent.  The book is a great find for readers interested in studying the biochemistry of cells.

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Experiments in Second-Language Learning focuses on the application of mathematical learning models in learning the Russian language as a second language.  The book first discusses remarks on stimulus-response theories of language learning. Psychology and second-language instruction; psychological theory; linguistic theory and second-language learning; and remarks on theories of conditioning are discussed. The text also focuses on learning to discriminate Russian phonemes; learning the orthographic representations of Russian sounds; and vocabulary and morphology learning. Learning exercises are presented; these focused on inflection, semantics, and phonemic transcriptions. The book also looks at grammar learning as influenced by translations, vocabulary, and presentation order; training on negative instances or on isolated words; overview of Russian grammar experiments; and related research. Suggestions for future research are presented.  The text is highly valuable for readers interested in studying how mathematical learning models can be used in learning one particular language as a second language.

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Fish as Food, Volume IV: Processing: Part 2 focuses on the handling and processing of fish as food, particularly how aquatic resources become human food that is less perishable and more available at all times and at locations far removed from the catching areas. Industrial trends are intricately interwoven with developmental and theoretical findings in many areas of fish and shellfish utilization.   Organized into 11 chapters, this volume begins with a discussion on various methods of handling and environmental conditions, and how they affect the storage life of chilled fresh fish and fresh fillets. The first chapter considers the action of microorganisms and the chemical and enzymatic changes taking place in fish. The reader is then introduced to the different types of methods used to evaluate the freshness of seafood as well as the spoilage of fish, along with problems encountered during the canning process. Other chapters focus on fish canning, preservation, and freezing. The book concludes by describing fish processing and preservation aboard ships.   This book is a valuable resource for scientists and researchers working in fields such as chemistry, microbiology, refrigeration, and marine science.

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Interactive Systems for Experimental Applied Mathematics

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Interactive Systems for Experimental Applied Mathematics is a collection of papers presented at the 1967 Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Inc. Symposium on Interactive Systems for Experimental Mathematics, held in Washington, D.C. in conjunction with the ACM National Meeting.  This book is organized into five parts encompassing 46 chapters. The opening part deals with the general criteria for interactive on-line systems that seem most important for the experimental solution of mathematical problems. This part specifically describes the AMTRAN, REDUCE, EASL, POSE, VENUS, and CHARYBDIS computer systems and languages. The next two parts cover the components of interactive systems, including coherent programming, interactive console, mathematical symbol processing, message system, and computer-aided instruction.  The fourth part examines a scheme for permitting a user of conventional procedural programming languages, namely, FORTRAN, to test actual error propagation in numerical calculations. This part also describes the features of Analyst Assistance Program, an on-line graphically oriented conversational computing system designed to perform small nonrecurring numerical computations. The concluding part presents several implications of selected computer systems, the resulting problems, and their proposed solutions.     This book is of great benefit to computer scientists and engineers, mathematicians, and undergraduate and graduate students in applied mathematics.

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Cytodifferentiation and Macromolecular Synthesis focuses on research on biosynthesis, structure, and morphology of cells.  The book first discusses cytodifferentiation and macromolecular synthesis and genetic control of protein structure. The relationship of amino acid substitutions to the genetic code; comparison of gene and protein alterations; and suppressor mutations are described. The text also looks at genetic repression, allosteric inhibition, and cellular differentiation; epigenetic control of protein synthesis in cells; quantitative studies of protein synthesis in embryonic tissues; and chromosomes and cytodifferentiation. The book also discusses the morphological and chemical differentiation of plastids. The effect of light on plastid development; structure of mature chloroplast; morphological changes in the development of proplastid to the chloroplast; and inheritable factors that control plastids are described. The text also focuses on the collagen system, mechanisms of elongation, and tissue interaction and metabolic responses.  The book is a valuable reference for readers wanting to conduct research on the complex nature of cells.

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Fluorine Chemistry, Volume IV provides an extensive survey and discussion on the physiological properties of fluoride ion and substances capable of producing it in aqueous solution.  This book elaborates the detrimental effects of excessive fluoride ingestion, through the beneficial effects of optimal amounts, to recognized detrimental effects, such as dental caries accompanied by suboptimal fluoride intake. Fluoride metabolism is discussed in detail, including the capacity for storage of fluoride by the bones and rates of excretion of fluoride from the body. This text also covers the relation of fluoride ion to the health of teeth and bones.  This publication is a good source for chemists and clinicians intending to acquire knowledge of the biological effects of fluoride.

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Insect Colonization and Mass Production reviews the great strides that have been made in the colonization and mass production of insects, including the methods used in rearing representative species and the general principles of nutrition and management that can be applied to the colonization of other species. The book highlights some of the notable successes in mass production and some examples of groups in which the difficulties inherent in laboratory rearing have not yet been overcome.  Organized into five sections encompassing 39 chapters, this book begins with an overview of research in entomology that is facilitated by the availability of thriving insect colonies, along with the possibility of controlling insects directly by utilizing the insects, themselves, or by utilizing products derived from insects. Each chapter contains some historical background, as well as a description of the most efficient methods of production. Some chapters are concerned with only a single species, serving as an example of its taxonomic group, and to a lesser extent of other insects with similar nutritional and environmental requirements. Other chapters discuss rearing methods for entire groups of species that share common requirements. Insects covered by the book range from lice and ticks to fleas, flies, moths, yellow fever mosquitoes, and different species of worms.  This book will be of interest to entomologists as well as students involved in insect physiology, behavior, and genetics.

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Insects, and Seed Collection, Storage, Testing, and Certification

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Seed Biology: Insects, and Seed Collection, Storage, Testing, and Certification, Volume III brings together a large body of important information on seed biology. The book describes seed collection, identification, storage, testing, and certification. It also considers insects that directly affect seeds, seed-producing organs, or seed-bearing structures of plants.  Organized into six chapters, this volume begins by outlining mans dependency on seeds as source of food, fiber, spices, beverages, oils, vitamins, and drugs. Harmful effects of seeds are also mentioned. Separate chapters focus on seed development, dissemination, germination (including metabolism, environmental control, internal control, dormancy, and seed and seedling vigor), protection from diseases and insects, longevity, and deterioration. The book concludes with a discussion on the certification of field and tree seeds, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development certification schemes, and trends in seed certification.  This book is a valuable source of information for seed producers and users as well as various groups of research biologists and teachers, including agronomists, plant anatomists, biochemists, ecologists, entomologists, foresters, horticulturists, plant pathologists, and plant physiologists.

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Fluid Mechanics and Singular Perturbations

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Fluid Mechanics and Singular Perturbations: A Collection of Papers by Saul Kaplun focuses on the works and contributions of Saul Kaplun to the studies of fluid mechanics and singular perturbations.  The book first discusses the role of coordinate system in boundary-layer theory. Boundary-layer approximations as limits of exact solutions; comparison of different boundary-layer solutions; and comparison with exact solution and choice of optimal are discussed. The text also looks at asymptotic experiment of Navier-Stokes solution for small Reynolds numbers; basic concepts in the theory of singular perturbations and their applications to flow at small Reynolds numbers; and low Reynolds number flow. The book discusses as well a generalization of Poiseuille and Couette flows and nature of solutions of the boundary-layer equations. Numerical solutions and analyses are presented. The text also looks at compatibility condition for boundary layer equation at a point of zero skin friction. Intuitive background; the past-like solution and its principal asymptotic expansions; and class of compatible profiles are discussed.  The book is a valuable source of information for readers who want to study fluid mechanics.

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Histones and Other Nuclear Proteins provides an introduction to the status of research and knowledge of histones and nuclear proteins.  This book discusses the classification of the nuclear proteins, the role of proteins in control of the genome, repressor substances, and history of the nuclear proteins.  Other topics include the primary structure of protamines, amino acid composition of histones, and direct isolation of nucleoproteins. The relationship of histones to chromosome structure, effects of histones on DNA synthesis, and sequential analysis of amino acids in the N-proline histone fraction is also deliberated. This text likewise covers the labeling of histones in vivo, physical and chemical properties of the acidic nuclear proteins, and enzymes involved in synthesis of nucleic acids.  This publication is valuable to chemists and students aiming to acquire knowledge of histones and other nuclear proteins.

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Progress in Astronautics and Rocketry, Volume 7: Hypersonic Flow Research compiles papers presented at a conference on hypersonics held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in August 1961.  This book discusses the low Reynolds number effects, chemical kinetics effects, inviscid flow calculations, and experimental techniques relating to the problems in acquiring an understanding of hypersonic flow. The structure and composition of hypersonic wakes with attendant complex chemical kinetic effects is only briefly mentioned.  This text consists of five parts. Parts A to C comprise of theoretical papers on the problems of calculating flow fields at hypersonic speeds. The experimental techniques that are of immediate practical interest in view of the difficulty of flight testing are discussed in Parts D and E.  This publication is beneficial to engineers involved in advanced design problems.

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Comparative Nutrition Of Man and Domestic Animals

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Comparative Nutrition of Man and Domestic Animals, Volume I discusses practical phases in the evaluation of the nutrient requirements of man and his domesticated animals and the factors that modify these quanta. This book also covers various nutrients' biochemical nature, functions, and participation in the energy transactions of the body.   Organized into 11 chapters, the book initially discusses the principles of the basal metabolism and the activity increment and their role in evaluating maintenance requirement of human and animal for energy. The subsequent chapter focuses on the maintenance requirement of protein under stress and non-stress conditions. Other chapters discuss nutrient requirements for maintenance, such as water and minerals. The book also examines the nutrient requirements for muscle activities, growth, senescence, reproduction, and lactation. A discussion on the storage of nutritive material, such as water, protein, minerals, vitamins, and energy, is included.      This volume is an invaluable source for organic chemists, biochemists, animal physiologists, zoologists, and nutritionists.

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Fish as Food, Volume III: Processing: Part I presents wise fish utilization and efficient processing. This volume is organized into 13 chapters that describe specific processing methods for specific fish product.   The first four chapters of the book describe the theoretical and practical aspects, appraisal, and features of fish drying and dehydration, smoking, and salting. Core chapters deal with the production, properties, and shelf-life of some fish products, such as fish marinades, anchovies, dried seafood, whale products, and fish sausage and soluble. A chapter discusses happenings in technical and industrial aspects, focusing on the commercial developments of fisheries and fish processing in individual countries. The concluding chapter discusses the basic principles of fish meal industry, the important industrial methods, and the nutritive value in relation to manufacturing details of fish meal.   Food scientists, technologists, researchers, and manufacturers will find this volume invaluable.

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Progress in Astronautics and Rocketry, Volume 3: Energy Conversion for Space Power focuses on the use of dependable electric power sources on space vehicles.  Composed of various literature, the book first discusses the physics of thermoelectricity, thermoelectric generator of materials, the use of semiconductors in thermoelectric conversion, and the use of high temperature thermoelectric materials for power generation. The text also presents experiments on the effect of irradiation on thermoelectric materials, thermoelectric elements in space power systems, and thermionics. The book then describes photovoltaic effect and conversion of solar energy; trends in silicon solar cell technology; the use of silicon solar cells in energy conversion; and how radiation affects solar cell power systems. The text notes the specifications of batteries if used in communications satellites; the use of positive-displacement engines and turbines on cryogenic power systems; and the characteristics of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generators in space power conversion.  The book is a good source of information for readers and scientists wanting to explore the potential of energy conversion in space power technology.

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Physiopathology of Heredity and Pharmacologic Responses

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Experimental Pharmacogenetics: Physiopathology of Heredity and Pharmacologic Responses reviews heritable factors in animals recognized by the use of drugs and hereditary defects that alter drug responses, including hereditary aspects of the response to drugs in mice and variety of other animal species.  This book focuses on pharmacogenetics, which is the study in animal species of genetically determined variations that are revealed by the effects of drugs. The genetics of bacteria, human geneticists classifying man according to pharmacologic assays, and cytologists observing drugs that influence heredity are also elaborated.  This publication is beneficial to pharmacologists and geneticists concerned with physiology, pathology, and biochemistry.

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Experimental Endocrinology: A Sourcebook of Basic Techniques focuses on techniques and methodologies used in conducting experiments on endocrinology.  The manual discusses the sources, nature, action, and assays of hormones and estrogens. Biosynthesis, metabolism, and mechanisms of action of hormones; sites of estrogen formation; and biogenesis, metabolism, and mechanism of action are discussed.   The book also focuses on the nature, action, and assays of progestogens, relaxin, androgens, epinephrine and norepinephrine, adrenal corticoids, and thyroid hormones. Experiments are presented to show the varying effects of these hormones on animals. The manual also focuses on somatotropin, corticotropin, and thyrotropin. Sites of formation; nature of the hormones; action of STH, ACTH, and TSH; and biogenesis, metabolism, and mechanism of action are discussed. The book also discusses gonadotropins, oxytocin, vasopressin, and melanocyte stimulating hormone; parathormone; insulin and glucagon; and invertebrate hormones.  The manual is a reliable source of information for students and readers interested in studying endocrinology.

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Evolutionary and Genetic Biology of Primates V1

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Evolutionary and Genetic Biology of Primates, Volume I presents research on the evolution and genetic biology of the Primates. This volume comprises seven chapters that tackle the problem of primate classification, anatomy, and genetics.   The first chapter deals with an eventual serious reorganization of the classification of the Primates, followed by a discussion on a critical reappraisal of tertiary primates from different periods, such as Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene. The subsequent chapter examines the phylogenetic implications of neural structures in both morphological and physiological terms. The book also presents comparative studies on the differences between skin of primates and that of man; the sweat glands of the Lorisidae; and the nerve endings in the skin of primates. Lastly, methods for primate chromosomes and their evolution are described.  This book is an invaluable source for physical anthropologists and researchers, histologists, anatomists, neurologists, geneticists, cytologists, and other specialists.