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Population Genetics and Ecology is a collection of papers presented at a 1975 conference-workshop held in Israel and is devoted to topics in population genetics and ecology. Contributors discuss topics related to population genetics and ecology, including the determinants of genetic variation in natural populations; experimental design and analysis of field and laboratory data; and theory and applications of mathematical models in population genetics. The book describes a number of field and laboratory studies that focus on a variety of spatial and temporal character and enzyme frequency patterns in natural populations, along with possible associations between these patterns and ecological parameters.   This volume is organized into three sections encompassing 31 chapters and begins by summarizing the results of field and laboratory research that investigated gene frequency patterns in space and time of animal and plant populations. This book then explains the origin of new taxa; animal and plant domestication; variation in heritability related to parental age; and problems in the genetics of certain haplo-diploid populations. The next section offers a combination of data analyses and interpretations of related models, with some papers devoted to the origin of race formation and the interaction between sexual selection and natural selection. Among the theoretical studies presented are facets of selection migration interaction; stochastic selection effects; properties of density and frequency dependent selection; concepts and measures of genetic distance and speciation; aspects of altruism; and kin selection.  This book will be of interest to naturalists, experimentalists, theoreticians, statisticians, and mathematicians.

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Neuronal Information Transfer contains the proceedings of the symposium on Neuronal Information Transfer, held in Columbia University in June 1977. The symposium focuses on the molecular, ultrastructural, and morphological study of a number of systems showing defined receptor-effector interactions.  The collection of papers presented in the symposium provides insights into the understanding of nervous information transfer. The book includes findings and studies on the biogenic amine systems, cholinergic system, amino acid systems, and brain peptides and opiate system. Treatises that covered cyclic nucleotides and the neuronal structure and development are also presented.  Neuroscientists, neurologists, researchers, educators, and students in neuroscience will benefit from this book.

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Introduction to Modern Biochemistry, Fourth Edition provides a better understanding of the chemical background of biological phenomena. The book presents an introduction and a survey of the facts and concepts of biochemistry.  The text is intended to be an instructional material. Topics of general importance, such as the generation and utilization of free energy, the role of genes in protein and enzyme synthesis, and the importance of the submicroscopic structure of the cell in biochemical reactions, are emphasized. No distinction between descriptive biochemistry and dynamic biochemistry are made, for the sake of simplicity and better comprehension of concepts presented in the book.  Students, biochemists, biologists, pharmacists, and medical practitioners will find this book as a good reference.

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Thermal Design Principles of Spacecraft and Entry Bodies

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Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, Volume 21: Thermal Design Principles of Spacecraft and Entry Bodies is a collection of technical papers drawn mainly from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Third Thermophysics Specialist Conference, held in Los Angeles, California on June 24-26, 1968  This volume is divided into three parts. The first part covers some aspects of thermal processes and design, including thermal analysis, convection, radiation, ablation, and space rocket effects. The second part surveys the remote measurements of the thermophysical and thermal radiation properties and joint conductance, which are critical criteria for space thermal design. The third part focuses on the space environmental effects on thermal coatings. This part deals first with the theory of radiative degradation, followed by a presentation of the laboratory measurements. This part also looks into the results of several flight experiments.   This book will be of great value to thermophysicists, space engineers, and designers who are working in the space science fields.

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Applied Optics and Optical Engineering V6

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Applied Optics and Optical Engineering, Volume VI is an 11-chapter text that covers the principles and design of some optical devices and systems.   The first three chapters deal with the principles, mode of operation, and application of several types of lasers, such as solid-state, gas, and semiconductor diode lasers. These topics are followed by the presentation of the physics and engineering of acousto-optic systems and coherent light valves. A chapter provides the fundamental considerations of the principles of scanning devices and systems, including the light beam, the scanning motions and patterns, and optical, mechanical, and electronic engineering considerations. The discussion then shifts to the potential applications of coherent optical processing techniques in mapping and the infrared detectors to the optical engineer. The remaining chapters examine the principles and applications of optical holography, image intensifiers, and fiber optics.  This book is of great benefit to applied scientists and engineers who are interested in the conceptualization and design of new instruments and systems of coherent optics.

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Applied Optics and Optical Engineering, Volume V: Optical Instruments, Part II covers the principles and mode of operation of various optical instruments. This book contains 11 chapters that complete the series of 50 chapters, which provide information on many aspects of applied optics.  The opening chapters of this book deal with the principles and properties of dispersing prisms and diffraction gratings. The subsequent chapters describe the principles and polarizing properties of spectrographs, monochromators, and spectrophotometers. Other chapters are devoted to the mode of operation and properties of other optical instruments, such as colorimeters, astronomical telescopes, and military, surveying, tracking, and medical optical instruments. The final chapters examine the fundamentals and applications of ophthalmic instruments and motion picture equipment.  This text will be of value to optical scientists, engineers, and researchers.

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Molecular Connectivity in Chemistry and Drug Research

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Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 14: Molecular Connectivity in Chemistry and Drug Research is a 10-chapter text that focuses on the molecular connectivity approach for quantitative evaluation of molecular structure of drugs. Molecular connectivity is a nonempirical derivation of numerical value that encode within them sufficient information to relate to many physicochemical and biological properties.  This book outlines first the development of molecular connectivity approach, followed by considerable chapters on its application to evaluation of physicochemical properties of drugs. Other chapters explore the application of molecular connectivity to structure-activity studies in medicinal chemistry. The final chapters provide some reflections, challenges, and potential areas of investigation of molecular connectivity.   Advanced undergraduate or graduate students in medicinal chemistry or pharmacology, practicing scientists, and theoretical chemists will find this book invaluable.

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Interaction of The Chemical Senses With Nutrition

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Interaction of the Chemical Senses with Nutrition provides an understanding of the relationship of smell and taste to nutrition. This book discusses how the flavor of food can have substantial physiological effects influencing ingestion, digestion, and metabolism.  Organized into five parts encompassing 21 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the significant role of saliva, which is involved in diettaste relationships through dietary effects on saliva and salivary effects on taste perception. This text then reviews the literature on early salt acceptance in humans, contrasting and comparing those findings with data on the development of sweet preference. Other chapters consider the gustatory and anticipatory cephalic stimuli detected during a meal, which yield nutritional information and help in the efficient digestion of food. The final chapter deals with the transition stage in nutritional research.  This book is a valuable resource for nutritionists, psychophysicists, scientists, public health professionals, and researchers.

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Rapid Detection and Identification of Infectious Agents

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Rapid Detection and Identification of Infectious Agents is a collection of papers presented at the International Symposium on Rapid Detection and Identification of Infectious Agents held on October 5-7, 1983, in Oakland, California, and organized by the Naval Biosciences Laboratory of the School of Public Health of the University of California at Berkeley. Contributors examine progress in the field of rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases, with a particular emphasis on DNA probe-based assays and monoclonal and polyclonal antibody-based immunoassays.  This volume is organized into five sections encompassing 20 chapters. It begins with an overview of state-of-the-art methods for rapid detection and identification of infectious agents, including technology that is currently applied in clinical microbiology, as well as concerns regarding the political and scientific climates, which have an impact on health care and clinical microbiology. Chapters are organized to deal with a single diagnostic type of test for a given broad group of organisms. The approach is to compare the strengths and weaknesses of each of the new diagnostic procedures, using the same type of clinical material whenever possible. The book gives consideration to the fundamental design of DNA probes and probe assay systems, the clinical comparison of immunologic assays for the diagnosis of meningococcal disease, and immunodiagnostics for viral and parasitic pathogens.  This book will be of value to scientists and researchers interested in immunology and infectious diseases, as well as the methods used to detect and identify them.

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Transition-Metal Organometallic Chemistry: An Introduction presents the basic facts and principles of transition-metal organometallic chemistry. The book discusses the general principles of transition-metal organometallic chemistry; the organometallic derivatives of the early transition metals; and the organometallic derivatives of chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten. The text also describes the organometallic derivatives of manganese, technetium, and rhenium; the organometallic derivatives of iron, ruthenium, and osmium; and the organometallic derivatives of cobalt, rhodium, and iridium. The organometallic derivatives of nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, and gold are also considered. Chemists and chemistry students will find the book invaluable.

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Biological and Behavioral Aspects of Salt Intake

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Biological and Behavioral Aspects of Salt Intake presents the developmental, social, and anthropological aspects of salt intake. This book explores the existing knowledge of those factors that influence man's appetite for salt.  Organized into five parts encompassing 28 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the pathological and physiological importance attached to levels of salt intake in health and in disease. This text then examines the scientific information concerning the nature of man's appetite for salt and the variations of that appetite as an expression of biological needs, behavioral patterns, differing environmental conditions, and normal or disturbed physiology. Other chapters examine the plasma renin activity, urinary sodium excretion, and taste responses of hypertensive and normotensive individuals. The final chapter explores the relations between taste, intake, preference, and hypertension.  This book is a valuable resource for nutritionists, food scientists, and researchers interested in the planning of nutritional programs in public health or therapeutic regimens.

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The Herpesviruses provides information pertinent to all the herpesviruses, with emphasis on the classification, morphology, replication, physicalchemical properties, and immunological relationships of all the herpesviruses. This book presents the fundamental and clinical aspects of the viruses.   Organized into 21 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the classification of the herpesvirus and proceeds to explore the origins and phylogeny of the herpesviruses. This text then examines the earliest electron microscopic studies on the morphology of the herpesviruses by using shadowcast preparations of herpes simplex virus and of herpes zoster virus. Other chapters consider the serological tests as well as the antigenic relationships among herpesviruses. The final chapter deals with the clinical application of antiviral drug treatment.  This book is a valuable resource for virologists, molecular biologists, veterinarians, physicians, as well as teachers and graduate students who are interested in the herpesviruses from either a fundamental or clinical viewpoint.

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Organic Chemistry, Volume 7: Ylid Chemistry focuses on the physical and chemical properties of ylids. This book discusses the Wittig synthesis of olefins, which involves the reaction between carbonyl compounds and phosphonium ylids.  Organized into two parts encompassing nine chapters, this book starts with an overview of the definition of ylids as a substance in which a carbanion is attached directly to a heteroatom transporting a high degree of positive charge. This text then examines the unique stabilization that afforded the carbanions by the presence of the adjacent 'onium atom group, which is the special characteristic of ylids. Other chapters consider the general structure of phosphonium ylids, which virtually has no limitation on the nature of the X groups on phosphorus. This book discusses as well the Wittig reaction involving a condensation-elimination between a phosphonium ylid and ketone. The final chapter deals with the various aspects of the chemistry of sulfur ylids. This book is a valuable resource for chemists.

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Electron Dynamics of Diode Regions describes the model construction and analysis of motion of charged particles of diode regions in time-varying fields. The models analyzed are simplified versions of parts of practical devices, primarily active microwave devices, tubes, and semiconductor amplifiers, while the most striking results obtained are due to electron inertia and space-charge effects in terms of laboratory observable.  This book is composed of seven chapters, and begins with an introduction to the general concepts of time dependent flow, including induced current, the techniques of linearization, calculating variational transit time, and obtaining equivalent circuits. The following chapters present the classical linear analysis, which includes the space-charge effects, with several applications. These chapters also explore the existence of a maximum stable current in a space-charge limited diode. The discussion then shifts to the basics of high velocity, klystron, gap with nonuniform field distributions, and the application of the multicavity klystron. This text further covers the analysis and examples of crossed-field gaps. The final chapters deal with the fundamentals of velocity and current distributions obtained from common electron emitters, with some attempt to show how the multivelocity streams evolve into single-velocity equivalents needed for the methods of earlier chapters. Results of applying the Lagrangian starting analysis to semiconductor diode regions, necessarily from a new equation of motion, are also provided.  This book is intended for graduate courses, seminars, and research studies.

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The Soil-Plant System in Relation to Inorganic Nutrition focuses on the soil-plant system in relation to the inorganic nutrition of plants. More specifically, the book investigates the dynamics of ion uptake in relation to those physical and chemical processes that must be considered both in understanding any observation made on the soil-plant system and in predicting the results of any stress placed on the system.   This volume is organized into two parts encompassing seven chapters and begins with an overview of the inorganic nutrition of plants grown in the soil-plant system. This book then discusses the uptake of nutrient ions from the soil into the plant system. The emphasis is on fundamental aspects of ion movement from the soil into and through the soil solution, then into the plant root, and finally into the shoot. The next chapters consider the more practical aspects of the supply of nutrients to plants grown in the soil-plant system and how it can best be supplemented. This book examines the use of isotopes with respect to solid-phase-soil-solution relationships; movement of ions to the roots, into the roots (active or passive), and translocation to the shoot; the mobility of nutrients; laboratory, greenhouse, and field evaluation of soil nutrient supply; and when, where, and what kind of fertilizer to apply.   This book will be of interest to botanists, biologists, students, and research workers engaged in the physical and biological sciences.

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Survival in Toxic Environments is a collection of papers presented at a symposium held in Houston, Texas, in December 1973 and organized by the American Society of Zoologists, Division of Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry. Contributors focus on chemical pollutants, as well as the pollutants fate and disposition in the environment and bio-environmental effects. The specific pollutants and/or toxicants include pesticides, crude and refined oils, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrilotriacetic acid, lead, carbon monoxide, and other supposedly less ominous xenobiotics. The dispositions of these substances and their effects are examined in either ecosystems and/or organisms, or components thereof.  This volume is organized into five sections encompassing 21 chapters and begins with an overview of chemicals, how they are degraded, and how they affect living organisms. The first section discusses the impact of chemical pollutants, such as DDT, on the biology of organisms. The second section explores the detoxication mechanisms of survival in toxic environments, emphasizing halogenated hydrocarbons and their fate in microbes, houseflies, and fish. The reader is then methodically introduced to the role of the mixed-function oxidase and its components in survival in toxic environments, along with the trends in pesticide research. The final section considers non-pesticidal pollutants, such as NTA (a detergent builder), lead, and carbon monoxide, and their secondary effects.  This book will be of interest to scientists and researchers in fields such as chemical pharmacology, chemical pathology, biology, zoology, ecology, agricultural chemistry, and entomology.

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Biochemical Aspects of Prostaglandins and Thromboxanes

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Proceedings of the 1976 Intra-Science Research Foundation Symposium December 1-3, Santa Monica, California

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Biochemical Aspects of Prostaglandins and Thromboxanes covers the proceedings of the 1976 Intra-Science Research Foundation Symposium on New Biochemistry of Prostaglandins and Thromboxanes, held in Santa Monica, California.   This 14-chapter book deals first with the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes with bovine vesicular gland and in transformed fibroblasts. These topics are followed by discussions on the pharmacologic properties and the role of prostaglandins as mediators of the inflammatory response. The next chapters describe the structure-activity relations and the pharmacologic activities of the prostaglandin series, with an emphasis on their role in cancer, obstetrics, and gynecology. The remaining chapters examine the role of prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxanes as bioregulators.  This book will be of value to biochemists and pharmacologists.

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The Folk Classification of Ceramics: A Study of Cognitive Prototypes provides a general understanding of folk classification that compares cognitive structures across cultures through anthropological field studies. The topic of this book, the structure and use of folk categories, is relevant to all cognitive sciences and is distinctly anthropological in examining variation among subcultural groups and change through time. The study of variation and change illuminates aspects of category structure that would not be envisioned from experiment or introspection. This text concentrates on the study of folk classification of artifacts on ceramic vessels, focusing on gross social groupings such as potters or traditional villages. Some topics discussed include the exploring interview techniques; structure of vessel categories; subcultural variation; and semantic change. This publication is a good reference to students studying folk classification and other disciplines such as cognitive psychology, linguistic semantics, and artificial intelligence. Focuses on the process of risk assessment, management and communication, the key to the study of air pollution Provides the latest information on the technological breakthroughs in environmental engineering since last edition Updated information on computational and diagnostic and operational tools that have emerged in recent years

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Torques and Attitude Sensing in Earth Satellites

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Volume 7: Torques and Attitude Sensing in Earth Satellites focuses on the possible torques that can affect the angular momentum of an Earth satellite. This book provides an understanding of the environment in which a satellite operates.   Organized into 16 chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the application of force-free motion to space programs. This text then discusses the torque effects of a gravitational field, particularly with its gradient. Other chapters consider a particular method of gravity-gradient stabilization that utilizes a passive device to damp librations and thereby attain a vertical orientation. This book discusses as well the effects of the geomagnetic field on the angular motion of a satellite. The reader is also introduced to the method of magnetic attitude control employed in the Tiros satellite. The final chapter deals with the problem of horizon sensing, which is important for satellites requiring Earth stabilization.  Astrophysicists will find this book useful.