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Lysozyme contains the proceedings of the Lysozyme Conference held in New York on October 29-31, 1972 on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the discovery of lysozyme by Sir Alexander Fleming. The papers explore the chemistry and structure of lysozymes, their interactions with substrates and inhibitors, and distribution in tissues. Changes associated with various disease states are also discussed, along with evidence indicating that lysozyme may significantly alter certain mammalian cell constituents.  Comprised of 42 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the structure of various lysozymes, including avian and mammalian lysozymes. The use of X-ray crystallography for lysozyme analysis is also considered. Subsequent chapters focus on the structure of bacterial cell walls; affinity labeling of lysozyme; substrate requirements of glycosidases for lytic activity on bacterial walls; and the solution behavior of hen egg white and human lysozyme. The role of lysozyme in hematology and its relation to myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin are also examined, together with lysozyme measurements in acute leukemia; serum and urine lysozyme in sarcoidosis; lysozyme as a component of human cartilage; and agglutination of rat liver mitochondria by lysozyme.  This monograph should be of interest to practitioners and researchers in the fields of biophysics, chemistry, microbiology, physiology, and clinical medicine.

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Adsorption From Solution discusses the significance of adsorption behavior in thermodynamic terms, with emphasis on the interplay between enthalpic and entropic contributions to the free energy. This book examines the role of simple models and of elementary thermodynamic and statistical mechanical arguments in relation to the concept of surface phase.  Organized into 22 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the theoretical model for the solid/liquid interface. This text then proceeds with a discussion of the general thermodynamic treatment of adsorption from mixed solvents, which is designed to apply in situations where adsorbed species may be regarded as distinct from their bulk counterparts. Other chapters discuss the adsorption from solutions of various interfaces of liquid/gas, liquid/liquid, or liquid/solid. The final chapter deals with the roles of adsorption from solution in controlling other phenomena, such as liquidliquid displacement, wetting, and the forces between colloidal particles.  Physicists, chemists, and materials scientists will find this book extremely useful.

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R. H. Ottewill, C.H. Rochester, A.L. Smith

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Reading Expository Material focuses on the techniques on how to apply the skills in reading tasks outside of formal reading instruction. This book explores the problems related to skill application that are encountered by reading specialists and educators.  Organized into six parts encompassing 17 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the categories of the study, including the reader, the text, and the interaction of reader with text. This text then examines the readers' metacognitive development, the development of study skills, and learning strategies. Other chapters explore the concept of knowledge and explain how knowledge comes into play in the process of perception and comprehension. This book discusses as well the developments in cognitive psychology and in artificial intelligence. The final chapter reviews how to enable teachers in the classroom to deal more realistically with the facts of a readertext interaction.  Reading specialists, researchers, and educators with an interest in the teaching of and learning from expository materials will find this book useful.

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Molecular Basis of Thyroid Hormone Action

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Molecular Basis of Thyroid Hormone Action focuses on the actions of thyroid hormones in eukaryotic cells. This book discusses the profound effects of thyroid hormones on the growth, development, and metabolism of practically all tissues of higher organisms.  Organized into 15 chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the kinetic interrelationships of hormone bound to specific receptors and hormone associated with other tissue and plasma pools in living animals. This book then discusses the thyroid hormone receptor, a chromatin-associated protein that appears to mediate the actions of the thyroid hormones in mammalian cells. Other chapters consider the localization of the receptors in chromatin. This book further discusses how thyroid hormones stimulate the accumulation of specific mRNA molecules in cell culture as well as in tissues in vivo.  This book is intended for readers who are interested in cell and molecular biology. Endocrinologists will also find this book extremely useful.

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Experiences in Biochemical Perception discusses the breadth of contributions of I. C. Gunsalus, a versatile biochemist, in the field of biochemistry. This book explores the mechanism of electron transport to protein structure and documents the interface between the Gunsalus laboratory and the physicists.  Organized into five parts encompassing 27 chapters, this book starts with a description of metabolic processes and the study of pyruvate oxidation. This text then illustrates how studies of microbial respiration led to the discovery of pyridoxl phosphate. Other chapters review dehydrogenases that participate in the dissimilation of branch-chain aromatic acids. This book further discusses the phosphorusnitrogen bond in phosphorylated proteins and the inactivation of glutamine synthetase. The final chapter describes the elucidation of the function of the coenzyme biotin and generalizes about the use of bacteria in nutritional studies.  This book is a valuable resource for readers and researchers engaged in the study of genetics, enzymology, microbiology, chemistry, and spectroscopy.

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The Vestibular System is a collection of papers presented at the 1973 Symposium on the Vestibular System, organized and held at the University of Chicago. This symposium provides a body of reviews and observations on the anatomical, physiological, and clinical aspects of the vestibular system.   This book is composed of seven parts encompassing 28 chapters. The first part focuses on the ultrastructure of the peripheral organs and the vestibular pathways to the cerebellum, the spinal cord, and the nuclei of the extraocular muscles. The subsequent part presents the basic information on knowledge of peripheral mechanisms and the functional relations between the vestibular system, cerebellum, oculomotor system, spinal cord and cortex. These topics are followed by descriptions of vestibular disorders induced by a variety of influences or procedures, such as nuclear lesions, motion sickness, and drugs. The next section describes the methods of testing vestibular function, such as  electronystagmography. This section serves as an introduction to a panel discussion on eye movements. Lastly, reviews and points of view on peripheral and central vestibular disorders are covered in the remaining sections.  This work is of great benefit to anatomists, physiologists, and clinicians.

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Mammalian Protein Metabolism, Volume IV is an 11-chapter text that describes the regulation of protein metabolism in mammals, both at the subcellular level and at the level of the intact organ and of the whole animal.   The first two chapters deal with the fundamental control mechanisms in the synthesis and turnover of proteins, followed by chapters on the mode of action of hormones on protein metabolism and on the role of free amino acid pools in regulation. These topics are followed by discussions on the regulation of individual amino acid pathways and the diurnal rhythms in protein metabolism. The final chapters explore the regulation of protein metabolism in four major organs and tissues of the body, including the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, and musculature.  This book will be of great benefit to biologists, researchers, and biology students.

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Frequency Domain Criteria for Absolute stability

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Frequency Domain Criteria for Absolute Stability presents some generalizations of the well-known Popov solution to the absolute stability problem proposed by Lur'e and Postnikov in 1944. This book is divided into nine chapters that focus on the application of Lyapunov's direct method to generate frequency domain criteria for stability.  The first eight chapters explore the systems with a single nonlinear function or time-varying parameter. These chapters also discuss the development of stability criteria for these systems, the sufficiency theorems, and Lyapunov function. Some of the theorems applied to a damped version of the Mathieu equation and to a nonlinear equation derived from it are also covered. The concluding chapter deals with systems with multiple nonlinearities or time-varying gains. This chapter also outlines the basic definitions and tools, as well as the derivation of stability criteria.  This work will serve as a reference for research courses concerning stability problems related to the absolute stability problem of Lur'e and Postnikov. Engineers and applied mathematicians will also find this book invaluable.

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Control Applications of Adaptive covers the proceedings of the 197 Workshop on Applications of Adaptive Control, held in Yale University. This book is organized into five parts encompassing 18 chapters that summarize the potential application of adaptive control to many practical problems.  Part I contains tutorials that bring together important result s in two of the most studied approaches to adaptive control, namely, self-tuning regulators and model reference adaptive control (MRAC), with a particular emphasis on the importance of error models in the stability analysis of MRAC. Part II examines the algorithms used for adaptive signal processing, while Part III describes the types of power systems problems that could benefit from application of adaptive control and how to apply adaptive control algorithms for controlling large electric generators. Part IV highlights adaptive control in aircraft systems. This part also considers how adaptive control fell into disfavor in the flight control community, illustrating the existence of residual negative bias. The desirability of cost elimination of air data sensors in less-sophisticated flight control systems is also discussed. Part V addresses the application of process control to chemical processes and to electromechanical systems. This part also shows the robustness and superior tracking and regulation properties of model reference adaptive control applied to liquid level control. Discussion on various classes of model reference adaptive controllers in a common framework from the viewpoint of microcomputer implementation is also included.  This book will be of value to control system theorists and practitioners.

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Determination of Organic Structures by Physical Methods V4

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Determination of Organic Structures by Physical Methods, Volume 4 is a seven-chapter text that discusses the refinements of some established physical methods for organic structure determination. Each chapter of this book examines specific physical method, including high-field and pulsed NMR, nuclear magnetic double resonance spectroscopy, and 15N, 13C, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. The historical developments, principles, instrumentation, and applications to organic chemistry of these methods are discussed. This work will be of value to organic and analytical chemists and researchers.

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Gonadotropins and Gonadal Function presents the proceedings of the International Symposium on the Advances in Chemistry, Biology and Immunology of Gonadotropins, held at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India in October 1973.  The book reviews the chemistry, physiology and biochemical mechanism of action of gonadotropins. The compendium is divided into four sections. Section I discusses the chemistry of gonadotropins. Section II covers the biology and immunology of gonadotropins. The third section tackles the biochemistry of gonadotropins. The final section presents gonadotropins in clinical medicine.  Endocrinologists, physicians, biochemists, and medical researchers will find the book highly interesting.

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Synthesis And Applications Of DNA And RNA

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Synthesis and Applications of DNA and RNA discusses the significant contributions in the development of synthetic routes to DNA and RNA. This book contains nine chapters that describe the complexities in the chemistry and biology of DNA and RNA.  After briefly dealing with the various stages of development in the chemical synthesis of polynucleotides, this book goes on presenting the DNA synthesis on solid supports and through the phosphoramidite method on silica supports. The discussions then shift to the chemical-enzymatic synthesis of expressed genes; the biochemical aspects of chemical syntheses of oligoribonucleotides; and the methods of rapid DNA and RNA sequence analysis. A chapter specifically tackles the protocols of DNA synthesis using double-stranded plasmid DNA as a template. The final chapter deals with the use of oligonucleotides for the identification and isolation of specific gene sequences. This chapter also covers the use oligonucleotides in the detection of human genetic diseases.  Biologists, geneticists, and researchers interested in DNA and RNA synthesis will find this work invaluable.

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Meiosis is a monograph focused on meiosis-specific functions. It presents a discussion on the genetic regulations of meiosis and aims to direct readers on future research by reporting a number of studies on progress.     The text is divided into four parts and consists of 12 chapters. After an introduction to the meiotic process, the first part of the book narrates the genetic transmission and the evolution of reproduction and parthenogenesis. The second part presents the concepts of recombination, the heteroduplex model, and the genetic control of biochemical events in meiotic recombination. The third part covers the information about the chiasmata and synaptonemal complex, including the Rabl orientation. The text is then concluded by the fourth part that covers the biochemical basis of meiosis.     The book is an excellent reference for undergraduate and graduate students in biological courses, specifically in genetics, biochemistry, and cell, developmental, and molecular biology. Lecturers, researchers, and other professionals in the same field will also find this book useful.

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PolymerPolymer Miscibility discusses miscibility of polymeric mixtures. This book explains the theoretical and practical aspects of polymer miscibility, which has become a considerable area of research in many academic and industrial laboratories.  Comprised of seven chapters, this book starts with an overview of the physical nature of the variations of the basic polymer structure. This monograph then discusses the two cases of miscible polymer blends, namely, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)butadiene/acrylonitrile copolymer (NBR) and polystyrenepoly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) blends. This text explores the useful and unique properties of blends of poly(vinyl chloride) and butadiene/acrylonitrile copolymer rubber. Other chapters discuss the thermodynamic theories for the phase separation of block copolymers. The reader is also introduced to other variations of chemical structure, which can result in the permanent attachment of polymers to each other through block and graft copolymers. This text also explores the feasibility of covalent bonding of polymer components.  This book is intended for chemical engineers and materials scientists.

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Structure and Bonding in Crystals, Volume II discusses the factors determining crystal structure. This book examines the principles of structure and bonding in complex solids.  Divided into 13 parts, this volume begins with an overview of the development of atomic pseudopotentials and the discovery that they could be applied directly to atoms in crystals. This book then provides an understanding of other relevant topics, including ionic radii, bond strength, and bond length. Other chapters focus on the problems of classifying complex solids and describe the relationship between their structures. This text also describes the alloy structure to help know how compounds react or transform. This book further explores the geometrical relationships between different structure types in crystals. The final chapter deals with the contribution of Mooser and Pearson in the study of energy-band theory and chemical bonding.  Solid-state physicists and chemists, geophysicists, metallurgists, and ceramists will find this book extremely useful.

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Soybean Physiology, Agronomy, and Utilization

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Soybean Physiology, Agronomy, and Utilization attempts to cover and treat in logical sequence the factors that contribute to the potential and versatility of soybeans. The soybean is a major crop plant in the United States. Based on the utilization of the bean, or products therefrom, a substantial soybean industry has also developed. Its uses, agricultural and industrial, primarily depend on the high content of both protein (ca. 40%) and oil (ca. 20%) in the bean.   The book begins by discussing soybean production in the United States and worldwide; the uses and economics of soybean products; and the soybean in physiological research. It explains the growth and development of soybeans. It discusses the physiological processes responsible for assimilating the plant body from the environment, namely photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and nitrate reduction. Subsequent chapters examine the impact of environmental variablessuch as light, temperature, water, wind, and pestson soybean plant characteristics as well as soybean breeding, production, processing, and utilization.

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Pineal and Retinal Relationships presents the proceedings of the Symposium on Pineal and Retinal Relationships, held in Sarasota, Florida on May 35, 1985. This book looks at the features that the retina of the lateral eyes and the pineal organ share, including biochemical processes, photoreceptive structures, biorhythmic phenomena, and physiological functions. This text also discusses the general and complex concept of photoneuroendocrine systems.  Organized into 27 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the basic features of retinal and pineal receptors. It then proceeds with a discussion of the environmental factors that vertebrates use as cue to synchronize their circannual and circadian rhythms by which they adjust their physiological, behavioral, and biochemical functions. Other chapters consider the melatonin synthesis in vertebrates, which allows them to sequence physiological events into closer temporal position with seasonal climatic changes.  This book is a valuable resource to optometrist, neurologist, neurosurgeons, photobiologists, ophthalmologists, and eye care professionals.

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The Geographical Distribution of Animal Viral Diseases

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The Geographical Distribution of Animal Viral Diseases attempts to shed some light on the global distribution of 110 different viral diseases, mainly of livestock and companion animals. The world literature was screened for 110 different viruses, and maps were prepared. These maps delineate the global distribution of pathogenic viruses based on authenticated reports from a variety of reliable sources.   Four viruses were categorized as affecting more than one species to a significant degree (astrovirus, rabies, rotaviruses, and Rift Valley fever). The largest number of maps involved viruses that affect humans. Of the 28 viruses a large number were from the California encephalitis group. Ten of the 28 viruses were reported only in the Eastern Hemisphere, 14 only in the Western Hemisphere, and four were worldwide. Birds were the next most frequently affected group with the 15 viruses, followed by pigs with 14 viruses. Overall the vector-borne viruses appear to have much sharper and clear-cut geographical boundaries than the others.

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Coelenterate Biology: Reviews and New Perspectives highlights research areas in which coelenterates are exceptionally useful and interesting experimental animals. It outlines the state of knowledge in coelenterate research and draws attention to some of the challenging problems that are amenable for study. Coelenterates offer valuable material for many levels of inquiryfrom the population and organismic to the cellular, subcellular, and molecular levels. They are especially attractive animals for studies in developmental biology and behavior.   The book begins by discussing cnidarians histology, focusing on the light and electron microscopy of cnidarian tissues. There are separate chapters on the skeletal system of cnidarians; the morphology, functions, and chemistry of nematocytes; and a few aspects of the enormous subject of cnidarian development. The subsequent chapters deal with cnidarian neurobiology, behavior, locomotion, flotation, and dispersal; experimental studies on algae-cnidarian symbioses; and coelenterate bioluminescence. The book concludes with a discussion of the systems of coordination and nervous system of ctenophores.

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Neurosciences Research, Volume 5: Chemical Approaches to Brain Function is an eight-chapter text that discusses the advances in the techniques used to examine the development, control, and function of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system.   The opening chapter deals with the use of organ culture to investigate the processes of axonal growth of adrenergic neurons, the control of synthesis of norepinephrine, and its release on new axonal sprouts. These topics are followed by a presentation of the development of adrenergic neurons in the central nervous system. The next three chapters consider the function of central adrenergic neurons; the use of 6-hydroxydopamine and catecholamine fluorescence; and the effects of L-dopa on protein synthesis. The discussion then shifts to the catecholamines in the central nervous system to aggressive behavior and the amino acids as neurotransmitters. The concluding chapter focuses on the cholinergic transmission in describing some neurophysiological and neurochemical correlates of behavior.  Neuroscientists and neuroresearchers will find this book invaluable.