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Environmental Aspects of Housing for Animal Production

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Environmental Aspects of Housing for Animal Production is concerned with environmental aspects of housing farm animals. The discussions are organized around physical and physiological principles; environmental influences on reproduction; environmental influences on the productivity of farm animals; optimal housing environments for temperate and cool climates; housing environments for hot climates; engineering and control of the house environment; and the constraints of welfare and disease.  This text consists of 32 chapters divided into nine sections. The first chapter explores the physiological mechanisms whereby the food- or fiber-producing animals maintain a constant body temperature under climatic extremes and the possible impact that these physiological processes may have on productive systems. This discussion is followed by chapters on the influence of climate on the decision to house livestock; the effect of the environment on animal reproduction; thermal influences on poultry; and the importance of ventilation and temperature control. This text also considers the poultry housing problems in tropical and subtropical climates; insulation of animal houses; and the interaction between feathering and egg production in laying hens.  This book will appeal to those working in the field of housing for animal production, both in research and development and at a practical level.

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River Pollution 1: Chemical Analysis discusses methods of detecting and determining the various forms of pollution and the interpretation of results. It aims to provide a chemical background for, and supplement to, the information on analytical methods, and to review critically other methods which may be useful in certain circumstances for research, control work, and field tests.  The book begins with a description of river surveys, and physical and chemical methods for determining river pollution. Separate chapters cover methods to determine the presence of dissolved oxygen, combined nitrogen, sulfur compounds, carbon dioxide, free chlorine, metallic contaminants, and carbon compounds. Subsequent chapters discuss the estimation of less important substances which may sometimes be encountered in pollution problems; and the significance of chemical and physical tests and the interpretation of the results of an analysis.   This book is intended for those interested in chemical analysis as applied to river pollution problems, sewage, and trade wastes.

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Manipulation of Fruiting contains the proceedings of the 47th University of Nottingham Easter School in Agricultural Science, held at Sutton Bonington, England on April 18-22, 1988. The papers explore developments in the manipulation of fruiting and cover topics ranging from intra-plant competition to pollination, fruit set, and light interception and canopy manipulation. Genetic regulation and chemical manipulation of fruiting are also discussed.  This monograph is comprised of 26 chapters divided into nine sections. The first section deals with the interactions that occur between vegetative and reproductive growth, focusing on source-sink effects and dry matter partitioning. The following three sections examine the sequential stages of producing a fruit from flower initiation, dormancy, and anthesis, through pollination to fruit set. Models that describe dormancy and flowering are presented; pollen incompatibility is considered; and the time available for pollination is analyzed. The physiology of fruit set is discussed together with methods to improve fruit set. The next three sections detail methods of manipulating fruiting, either physically by altering plant canopy structure and therefore light interception, genetically by breeding and selection, or chemically by the use of plant growth regulators. This book concludes with a look towards the future using genetic manipulation to alter fruit physiology.  This text will be a valuable resource for crop researchers, plant physiologists, geneticists, and others interested in the state of research into fruiting.

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Principles and Measurements in Environmental Biology

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Principles and Measurements in Environmental Biology aims to provide an understanding of some important physical principles and their application in biology. The book also aims to describe how instruments utilizing these principles can be used to measure biological and environmental processes and their interactions.  This book covers the effects of the environment on biological organisms; the application of theories of radiation, kinetic theory, gas laws, and diffusion in biology; and water and its properties. The relation of plants with atmosphere near the ground is also discussed. This book also presents sampling techniques; the computation of errors used in the interpretation of data; the use of different devices; and data gathering and its practical applications.  This text is for students, researchers, and professionals and experts in biology who wish to understand the mentioned principles in physics, its mathematical aspects, and their applications in the field.

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Electronic Systems is concerned with electronic systems such as sine-wave oscillators, amplifiers with negative feedback, operational amplifiers, analogue and digital computers, switching circuits, bistable circuits, and microprocessors.  This text is comprised of five chapters; the first of which introduces the basic ideas of a system, feedback, control, and logic gates. Examples of feedback and closed-loop control are given, and the distinction between the effects of positive and negative feedback is described, along with the functions of AND, OR, NOT, NOR, and NAND logic gates. The next chapters focus on the effects of resistors, capacitors, and inductors in circuits, as well as the developments in valves and semiconductors and the physics of conduction in solids, metals, and semiconductors. The final chapter considers the electronic applications of some of the ideas discussed in the previous chapters.   This book is intended for students interested in physics and is recommended to be read prior to going to university.

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The Voluntary Food Intake of Farm Animals

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The Voluntary Food Intake of Farm Animals offers a wide discussion on food intake among farm animals. The book presents various studies, facts, details, and theories that are relevant to the subject.  The first chapter begins by explaining the basic definition and significance of voluntary food intake. This topic is followed by discussions on meal patterns, the main features of eating, and the similarities between species. The next chapter explores theories about the food intake control, which are divided into two types: single-factor theories and multiple-factor theories. In Chapter 3, the discussion is on the foods pathway, including elaborations on the various receptors. Chapter 4 considers the central nervous systems involvement in the voluntary food intake and the energy balance regulation. The next couple of chapters highlight the possible reasons that affect food intake; among them are pregnancy, fattening, physical growths, and the environment. In the books remaining chapters, the discussion revolves around grass intake and the prediction and manipulation of voluntary food intake.  The book serves as a valuable reference for undergraduates and postgraduates of biology and its related fields.

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Electronics Engineer's Reference Book, Sixth Edition is a five-part book that begins with a synopsis of mathematical and electrical techniques used in the analysis of electronic systems. Part II covers physical phenomena, such as electricity, light, and radiation, often met with in electronic systems. Part III contains chapters on basic electronic components and materials, the building blocks of any electronic design. Part IV highlights electronic circuit design and instrumentation. The last part shows the application areas of electronics such as radar and computers.

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Energy Analysis and Policy: Selected Works discusses the major aspect of electricity economics, including pricing, demand forecasting, investment analysis, and system reliability. This book provides a clear and comprehensive overview of the diversity of problems in analyzing energy markets and designing sound energy policies.  Organized into 14 chapters, this book first discusses the energy economics in developing countries; integrated national energy planning (INEP) in developing countries; energy pricing; practical application of INEP using microcomputers; and energy strategies for oil-importing developing countries. Subsequent chapters describe the energy demand management and conservation; national energy policy implementation; energy demand analysis and forecasting; and energy project evaluation and planning. Other chapters explore non-conventional energy project analysis and national energy policy; rural energy issues and supply options; and bioenergy management policy. Rural-industrial energy and fossil fuel issues, as well as energy R&D decision-making in developing countries, are also presented.  As the issues in this book are very important, this book will be helpful to a wide and appreciative audience.

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Fundamentals of Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis

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Fundamentals of Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis provides an introduction to the fundamental principles of dispersive X-ray analysis. It presents descriptions, equations, and graphs to enable the users of these techniques to develop an intuitive and conceptual image of the physical processes involved in the generation and detection of X-rays.     The book begins with a discussion of X-ray detection and measurement, which is accomplished by one of two types of X-ray spectrometer: energy dispersive or wavelength dispersive. The emphasis is on energy dispersive spectrometers, given their rather widespread use compared to the wavelength dispersive type. This is followed by separate chapters on techniques such as X-ray absorption; spectrum processing; and elimination of spectrum background produced by electron excitation. Subsequent chapters cover X-ray fluorescence; the use of regression models; hardware for X-ray fluorescence analysis; scattering, background, and trace element analysis; and methods for producing inner shell excitation of atoms in a sample of interest. The final chapter deals with applications of X-ray analysis.

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John C. Russ, M. Ashby Frs, R. Kiessling, J. Charles

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Studies in the Agricultural and Food Sciences

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Mineral Nutrition of Fruit Trees summarizes the state of knowledge about the mineral nutrition of fruit trees, including peach and apple trees. The discussions are organized around six themes: fruit tree mineral nutrition and crop quality; uptake and transport; effect of soil management and fertilizer applications on nutrient uptake; direct application of nutrients to foliage and fruits; prediction of nutrient requirements; and synthesis.  This text consists of 69 chapters and begins with a section dealing with the effects of nutrition on fruit quality. The second section explores the mechanisms of nutrient entry to, and movement within, fruit trees and the means of influencing the nutrition of both the whole tree and the crop by fertilizers and management practices, including irrigation and the use of herbicides. The third section describes methods for predicting the needs of the tree for establishment, growth, and fruit quality. The effects of interactions between nutrition and environment on the mineral composition of fruits are considered, along with an integrated approach to orchard nutrition and bitter pit control, the influence of boron deficiency on fruit quality, and calcium accumulation in apple fruit.  This book will be of interest to scientists working in fields such as biochemistry, food technology, agriculture, horticulture, and physiology.

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D. Atkinson, J.E. Jackson, R.O. Sharples

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Water Quality Criteria for Freshwater Fish

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Water Quality Criteria for Freshwater Fish, Second Edition, is a collection of 12 technical papers on water quality criteria for European freshwater fish, together with a report on fish toxicity testing procedures that have been produced for the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC)an intergovernmental organization with a current membership of 24 countries.  Each chapter reviews a particular water quality characteristic for European inland fisheries, although the effects of mixtures with other harmful substances have been described for some of them. These characteristics include water quality criteria for finely suspended solids and pH values; water temperature; the effect of ammonia; phenolic wastes; dissolved oxygen; chemistry and toxicology of chlorine; and toxicity of zinc, copper, and cadmium.  The reports in this volume will be useful not only to the member countries of the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission, but also to those concerned with the management of inland waters and their fishery resources in other continents.

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Gaseous Air Pollutants and Plant Metabolism

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Gaseous Air Pollutants and Plant Metabolism mainly talks about plants and air pollution. The publication of this book is inspired by a symposium on plants and pollution, which generated great interest among the personnel related to the field.  The book begins with a brief background on air pollution and continues with a discussion on different types, effects, and solutions to the pollution. The book also features studies about the gaseous air pollution in North America, China, and Japan. The chapters that follow explore the different effects of pollution on chloroplasts, respiration, biochemistry, plant, and plant cells.  The text is a valuable reference to undergraduates or postgraduates of chemistry and its related studies.

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Studies in the Agricultural and Food Sciences

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Studies in the Agricultural and Food Sciences: Growth in Animals discusses the more advanced concepts of growth, its changes and effects on different animals and systems, and its implications for agriculture.  Based on a symposium of the same name, the book defines growth and its effects on the whole body; the biochemical and genetic determinants that affect it; and the effect of thermal environment on growth and its relation with immunity. Growth of bones, muscle nucleic acid and protein, and adipose tissue are also explained. The text also encompasses the relation of growth and gut microflora; the effects of growth-promoting agents in ruminant animals and single-stomach animals; and growth and breeding performance in animals. The growth in mammals and birds for meat production and its effects on the meat quality of animals are also covered in this book.  This monograph is recommended for those who would want to start or are currently running animal and poultry farms, as well as for scientists who wish to study the phenomenon of growth for the betterment of agriculture.

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Unbound Aggregates in Roads contains the proceedings of the International Symposium on Unbound Aggregates in Roads (UNBAR3) held at the University of Nottingham, England, on April 11-13, 1989. The papers focus on unbound aggregates used in road construction and cover topics ranging from drainage and permeability to placement and compaction of unbound aggregates, design philosophy, specification, and compliance.  This book consists of 49 chapters divided into eight sections and opens with an overview of the functions of unbound aggregates in roads, followed by a discussion on the mechanical properties of different aggregates and theoretical aspects of granular materials. The following chapters focus on granular drainage layers in pavement foundations; residual stresses caused by compaction in granular materials; and alternative materials for road construction such as steel slags and natural and waste materials. The use of unbound road aggregates in various countries such as Italy, France, Germany, and Portugal is also considered.  This monograph will be a useful resource for designers, aggregate producers, contractors, specification writers, and materials engineers.

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Introduction to Marine Engineering explains the operation of all the ship's machinery, with emphasis on correct, safe operating procedures and practices at all times.  Organized into 17 chapters, this book begins with an overall look at the ship. Subsequent chapters describe the various ship machineries, including diesel engines, steam turbines, boilers, feed systems, pumps, auxiliaries, deck machinery, hull equipment, shafting, propellers, steering gear, and electrical equipment. Other aspects of marine engineering, particularly, fuel oils, lubricating oils, refrigeration, air conditioning, ventilation, firefighting and safety, watchkeeping, and equipment operation, are also described.  This book will be useful to anyone with an interest in ships' machinery or a professional involvement in the shipping business.

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New Techniques in Sheep Production is an eight-part book that first reviews sheep production systems and scope for improvement. Subsequent chapter focuses on methods of increasing fecundity. Parts III and IV describe reproduction methods and genetic improvement techniques. Other chapters discuss breed development; feeding systems; management and health control; and evaluation of techniques in sheep production.  This book will be of value to the pioneer farmers, their advisers, and supporters in the associated marketing and supply organizations, as well as to students at agriculture and veterinary universities and colleges.

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Thermomechanical Processing of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels considers some advanced techniques and metallurgical bases for controlled-rolling.  This book contains 12 chapters. In Chapter 1, the purpose of thermomechanical processing and historical survey is described, while in Chapter 2, the kinetics of phase transformations and refinement of grain size in steels are elaborated. The techniques and metallurgical bases for controlled-rolling in the recrystallization, non-recrystallization, and (? + y) regions are reviewed in Chapters 3 to 5. Chapters 6 and 7 discuss the deformation resistance during hot-rolling and restoration processes. The phase transformations during cooling following hot-rolling are mentioned in Chapter 8, followed by a summarization of the effects of alloying elements in Chapter 9. Chapters 10 and 11 deal with the mechanical properties of controlled-rolled steel and prediction and control of microstructure and properties by thermomechanical processes. The problems faced and possibilities for future developments are stated in the last chapter.  This publication is recommended for physicists, metallurgists, and researchers concerned with controlled-rolling, including non-specialists who have some knowledge of metallurgy.

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Imao Tamura, Hiroshi Sekine, Tomo Tanaka

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Broadcast Sound Technology provides an explanation of the underlying principles of modern audio technology. Organized into 21 chapters, the book first describes the basic sound; behavior of sound waves; aspects of hearing, harming, and charming the ear; room acoustics; reverberation; microphones; phantom power; loudspeakers; basic stereo; and monitoring of audio signal. Subsequent chapters explore the processing of audio signal, sockets, sound desks, and digital audio. Analogue and digital tape recording and reproduction, as well as noise reduction, are also explained.

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Spun Yarn Technology provides a comprehensive review of the principles of spun yarn technology.  Chapters are devoted to topics on spun yarn technology such as yarn production, properties of yarn, opening and cleaning loose fibers, fiber blending, the process of carding, and roller drafting, doubling, and fiber control. The spinning process, yarn folding, yarn preparation (winding, tensioning, splicing, and steaming and storage), and the kinds of specialty yarn are presented as well.  Textile technologists will find the text very useful.

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1992-Planning for Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology provides a summary of the relevant legislation, research programs, and proposals for the establishment of a single European market for the chemical, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology industries. The development of the European Community's (EC) policy and the implications of its implementation for the EC and third country markets are discussed. The views from a number of major organizations that operate in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology markets are considered to provide an insight into some of the factors influencing strategic planning for 1992.  This book consists of 10 chapters and opens with an overview of the EC's goal of establishing a single market for the European Union by 1992, followed by a discussion on the implications of this single market for industry, commerce, and individuals. The following chapters focus on the Single European Act; corporate issues such as mergers and acquisitions; standards of good practice in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology sectors; and implications of a single European market for these industries. The final chapter is devoted to the views of organizations in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology sectors such as the European Chemical Industry Federation (CEFIC), Bayer AG, and COLIPA (European Cosmetic Industry Federation) in terms of the opportunities, problems, and challenges of the single European market.  This monograph will be a useful resource for corporate managers, especially those in the IT sector, as well as policymakers and industry regulators.