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Immunological Aspects of Reproduction in Mammals

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Immunological Aspects of Reproduction in Mammals contains papers presented during a symposium at the University of Nottingham Easter School. The scholarly presentations provide a wealth of information on the field of reproductive immunology and indicate just how complex this field is and how many questions still remain to be answered.  The book begins with reviews of the current status of the complexities and uncertainties of the cellular basis of the immune response and the structure and function of antibodies. This is followed by separate chapters on the assessment and interpretation of the phenomena surrounding autoimmune and isoimmune reactions to spermatozoa; advances in defining the distribution and degree of exposure of major histocompatibility antigens; the reproductive immunology of the mouse, horse, and sheep; and fetal and neonatal immunity. Subsequent chapters present studies of immunization of several species with either the hypothalamic hormone LH-RH, pituitary gonadotrophins, or ovarian steroids; and studies directed towards efforts to enhance animal production by either active or passive immunization of female farm animals against steroid hormones.  This book will be a valuable reference text for those already involved in the field and a stimulus for others to enter this complex and fascinating area of research.

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Butterworths Monographs in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

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Silicon in Organic Synthesis provides an introduction to the organic chemistry of silicon. This book places particular emphasis on the concept of silicon as a ferryman, mediating the transformation of one wholly organic molecule into another.  The book begins by reviewing the discovery and development of organosilicon compounds. This is followed by separate chapters on the physical properties of organosilicon compounds; the preparation of a-metallated organosilanes, which play a key role in preparative organosilicon chemistry; migration/rearrangement reactions of silicon; the preparation and chemistry of vinylsilanes, allylsilanes, arylsilanes, and organosilyl metallic compounds. Subsequent chapters cover the synthesis of compounds such as alkene, alkynylsilanes, allenylsilanes, silylketenes, alkyl silyl ethers, acyloxysilanes, and silyl enol ethers.  This book aims to serve as a timely introduction to organic chemistry for students and practitioners of synthetic organic chemistry, as well as provide a source of useful information and possibly of new ideas to those already experienced in the area.

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Ernest W. Colvin, Patrick Perlmutter, A D Buckommgham, S Danishefsky

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European Environmental Policy: East and West focuses on areas of cooperation between Eastern and Western Europe in the field of environmental protection. This text explores the various economic and political circumstances in East and West within which the environmental problem arises, and which will determine the possibilities of reaching a solution. This book also examines results and opportunities still open for East-West environmental cooperation.  This text has 10 chapters and begins with a brief presentation of the problem areas, followed by a survey of existing legislative and organizational arrangements. The next chapters analyze the forms of environmental cooperation practiced in Comecon countries; the influence of the structural characteristics of socialist economic integration on collaboration in the environmental field; and the causes of environmental problems that are specific to East and West. The limitations and possibilities of cooperation between East and West are then discussed, with emphasis on sub-regional cooperation between those countries faced with a specific transnational pollution problem, namely, the countries bordering the Baltic and the river Danube.  This book will be of interest to planners and decision makers involved in environmental policy and protection, especially in Europe.

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Semiconductor Opto-Electronics focuses on opto-electronics, covering the basic physical phenomena and device behavior that arise from the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and electrons in a solid.  The first nine chapters of this book are devoted to theoretical topics, discussing the interaction of electromagnetic waves with solids, dispersion theory and absorption processes, magneto-optical effects, and non-linear phenomena. Theories of photo-effects and photo-detectors are treated in detail, including the theories of radiation generation and the behavior of semiconductor lasers and lamps. The rest of this text deals with the group IV elements, III-V compounds, and selection of the most important chalcogenides.  This publication is intended primarily for physicists engaged in academic research or commercial device development and for honors students specializing in solid-state physics.

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Proceedings of Previous Easter Schools in Agricultural Science

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Upgrading Waste for Feeds and Food considers how wasted or underutilized nutrients could be recovered and upgraded in order to make more food available, either directly or through animal intermediaries.  This book assesses what progress had already been made in seeking a solution to the problem of large quantities of food being wasted. The topics discussed include the world outlook for food, sources of food waste, and recovery and utilization of protein from slaughterhouse effluents by chemical precipitation. The silage production, use of microbiological agents in upgrading waste for feed and food, and underutilized proteins for beverages are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the crude pectate gelling agents in heat processed foods and utilization of food wastes as raw material in the pet-food industry.  This publication is a good source for agriculturists, nutritionists, and food technologists concerned with recovering wasted food.

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David Ledward, A. J. Taylor, R. A. Lawrie

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New Perspectives in Adipose Tissue: Structure, Function and Development reviews the state of knowledge on adipose tissue. The book begins with discussions of the anatomy and morphology of adipose tissue. This is followed by separate chapters on the nervous control of circulation and metabolism in white adipose tissue; hormonal regulation of biosynthetic activities in white adipose tissue; hormonal control of lipid degradation; and plasma membrane properties and receptors in white adipose tissue. Subsequent chapters cover topics such as lipoproteins and adipose tissue; brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and energy balance in animals and man; methodological approaches to the study of the adipose tissues; adipose tissue growth following lipectomy; the adipocyte precursor cell; and adipose tissue dysfunction and its consequences.  In addition to being authoritative source material, the chapters presented in this book are wide in their coverage and appeal.

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International Accounting and Transnational Decisions explores a wide range of significant international accounting issues with special reference to the comparative development of national systems of accounting, international accounting standards, transnational financial reporting issues and financial planning and control in the multinational corporation.  The book is organized into five parts. Part I discusses the international dimensions of accounting including both the financial reporting and managerial decision-making perspectives. The second part is concerned with the comparative international aspects of accounting. The Part III presents developments and questions relating to international accounting standards. The fourth part considers a number of selected transnational financial reporting issues of concern both to managers and financial statement users. The last part takes a managerial perspective in its coverage of important problems of transnational financial decision making and control.  Accountants and students of accounting will find the book useful.

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Instrumentation in Process Control details the elements of transducers utilized in doing various measurements. The book also deals with the problems in data gathering from physical processes. The text also examines the different schemes of relaying or showing the data and compares the many ways by which data could be processed.  The first chapter opens with an introduction to the study; it then proceeds to talk about primary measurements and notes the importance of selecting the transducer, having precision in measurements, and having a properly designed system. This chapter also presents various tips with regards to a better measurement and data handling. Chapter 2 is about interpreting a transducer's performance, while the next several chapters revolve around measurements. Measurements discussed include those for temperature, pressure, liquid density, displacement, and flow. The book highlights in Chapter 8 the tachometry and provides in Chapters 9 and 10 the lessons on analogue-to-digital conversions. The last three chapters are reserved for computing corrections, data transmission, and digital control techniques, including the fundamentals of these concepts.  The text is a great reference and beneficial for students, teachers, researchers, and casual readers, as the book offers a wide information on instrumentation.

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Computer-Aided Design International Yearbook 1985 covers developments and trends in computer-aided design. This book examines the role of the computer in making design decisions and surveys the CAD industry. This text also presents a run-down of the latest acquisitions of companies in the field and a survey of the major firms working in CAD. The main part of this yearbook is taken up by a directory of products and vendors and manufacturers of CAD equipment.  This yearbook consists of 13 chapters and begins with a discussion on the importance of computers in design decision-making, as well as historical precedents in the evolutionary stages in the development of human's control over his environment. The next chapter presents an overview of the status of the CAD industry. After providing a profile of Scottish company Lattice Logic, this book turns to Plessey Airports of the UK and its investment in CAD. A directory of products and manufacturers of CAD equipment follows. Entries are organized alphabetically by vendor and are grouped under four headings: turnkey systems, software, system components, and services. This book also provides lists of useful addresses and product indexes.  This monograph will be of interest to CAD users and vendors alike.

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Liquids and Liquid Mixtures, Third Edition explores the equilibrium properties of liquids and liquid mixtures and relates them to the properties of the constituent molecules using the methods of statistical thermodynamics. Topics covered include the critical state, fluid mixtures at high pressures, and the statistical thermodynamics of fluids and mixtures.  This book consists of eight chapters and begins with an overview of the liquid state and the thermodynamic properties of liquids and liquid mixtures, including vapor pressure and heat capacities. The discussion then turns to the thermodynamics of and inequalities at the critical point; measurement of thermodynamic functions in the critical region; experimental values of the critical exponents; and scaling of the free energy. The change of thermodynamic functions with composition is the subject of the next two chapters, followed by an analysis of fluid mixtures at high pressures. The final chapter is devoted to the statistical thermodynamics of fluids and mixtures, paying particular attention to the thermodynamic properties in terms of the forces between the molecules; the balance of intermolecular potentials between like and unlike molecules; and phase behavior.  This monograph will be of interest to students and researchers in the fields of chemistry and chemical engineering.

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J S Rowlinson, F L Swinton, Patrick Perlmutter, A D Buckingham, S Danishefsky

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Fundamentals of Enzyme Kinetics details the rate of reactions catalyzed by different enzymes and the effects of varying the conditions on them.  The book includes the basic principles of chemical kinetics, especially the order of a reaction and its rate constraints. The text also gives an introduction to enzyme kinetics - the idea of an enzyme-substrate complex; the Michaelis-Menten equation; the steady state treatment; and the validity of its assumption. Practical considerations, the derivation of steady-state rate equations, inhibitors and activators, and two-substrate reactions are also explained. Problems after the end of each chapter have also been added, as well as their solutions at the end of the book, to test the readers' learning.  The text is highly recommended for undergraduate students in biochemistry who wish to study about enzymes or focus completely on enzymology, as most of the mathematics used in this book, which have been explained in detail to remove most barriers of understanding, is elementary.

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Metal Resources and Energy was initially aimed at exploring the future availability of metals and the energy required to produce them. During the detailed planning of the book, the authors decided to extend the remit to consider fuel use in relation to resources and future availability. In order to explore this relationship a framework was established which provided an agenda of topics to examine. In the process of systematically working through this agenda a deeper understanding of resource issues and some new insights were obtained.  This book develops a framework for assessing the future availability of metals by first reviewing the activities associated with the production of metals. These can be divided into four broad categories: exploration and establishment, mining, concentrating, and smelting and refining. It then examines factors such as energy economics, forecasting issues, resources and reserves estimation, and trends in technical efficiency. Subsequent chapters deal with the evaluation of fuel use in metals production; the secondary production of metals from scrap and other waste materials; non-technical issues that are potential sources of short-term crises; and other applications of energy data.  This book is intended for final year students of engineering, geology, and economics, all of whom will find all the topics covered relevant to their studies. It attempts to convey the essentials of resource economics, metal production technology, energy analysis, and those aspects of geology and geochemistry which are pertinent to a study of resource issues. The full breadth of topics is covered at a depth which is comprehensible to students from other disciplines.

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P. F. Chapman, F. Roberts, Michael Ashby, J. Charles, A. G. Evans

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Proceedings of Previous Easter Schools in Agricultural Science

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Protein Deposition in Animals explores the factors controlling protein deposition in farm animals including fish, poultry, and ruminants. Topics covered range from protein biosynthesis in eukaryotic cells and protein metabolism in intact animals to whole-body amino acid metabolism, synthesis of egg proteins, and metabolism of the fetus. The energy costs of protein metabolism, dietary constraints on nitrogen retention, and metabolism in muscle are also discussed. Emphasis is placed on the factors that influence protein production by animals.  This book is comprised of 15 chapters; the first of which explains some fundamental aspects of protein synthesis, followed by a topic of the molecular control of protein breakdown. Two chapters then consider the measurement of whole-body protein metabolism and the integration of the metabolism of individual organs with the rest of the animal. Two 'tissues', the muscle and the fetus, are singled out for detailed analysis in subsequent chapters, while another chapter describes the synthesis of egg proteins. The factors that influence overall nitrogen retention by the animals are also examined, along with the energy costs of protein deposition, hormonal influences on protein deposition, and the use of anabolic agents to manipulate growth. Two chapters, one on poultry and the other on ruminants, are concerned with predicting rates of protein deposition. This text concludes by discussing the protein metabolism in fish.  This book will be of interest to scientists working in the fields of applied biochemistry, animal nutrition and physiology, physiology, and agriculture.

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Cases in Economic Development: Projects, Policies and Strategies presents cases on project analysis, sectoral planning, and macroeconomic policies. The cases are set in an imaginary country called Beracia in order to simulate actual planning experience. Beracia has been designed with a greater than normal range of problems, so that it can encompass the features of mineral-rich countries such as Zambia and Peru; agrarian economies such as the Philippines and Ivory Coast; and aspiring exporters of manufactures such as Colombia and Pakistan.  This text has 11 cases divided into five sections. After providing an overview of development planning, development goals and strategies, and planning theory and practice, the book introduces the fictional country in the next section, which presents four reports similar to World Bank economic reports on developing countries (economic and political developments; income and employment; trade and payments; and fiscal and financial developments). Sufficient data are elaborated to explain the economys salient features. The third section focuses on assumptions and controversies surrounding project analysis, while the section on sectorial planning introduces the reader to input-output analysis, efficiency indicators, education planning, and industrial strategy. The section on macroeconomic planning covers macroeconomic forecasts; balance-of-payments crisis; fiscal planning and reform; and income inequality and poverty. The cases span many sectors, from mining and agriculture to manufacturing, transport, education, and health.  This book is written primarily for students, professional economists, and experienced policy analysts.

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Michael Roemer, Joseph J. Stern, Bruce Herrick

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Manufacturing Assembly Handbook identifies the possibilities for the rationalization of assembly in relation to the production rate and the product design.  This book is based on practical experience for practical application and will give experts in the field of rationalization guidelines for the solution of rationalization problems. Topics discussed in the text include the determination of the economic efficiency of assembly concepts, modules for the automation of assembly processes, design of assembly machines, and design of flexible-assembly systems. The integration of parts manufacturing processes into assembly equipment or of assembly operations into parts production equipment, planning and efficiency of automated assembly systems, and the operation of automated assembly systems are covered as well.  Production engineers and managers and students of production technology will find the book very useful.

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Integrated Rural Energy Planning presents a series of case studies and guidelines for developing integrated rural energy centers, particularly in the Third World. This text highlights technical cooperation and information flow between developing countries.  This book consists of 11 chapters and begins with a brief overview of the impact of rural development and rural energy sources on the environment, along with the needs of and strategies for integrated rural development. The chapters that follow describe integrated rural energy systems in selected countries, such as Sri Lanka, India, Indonesia, Philippines, China, Nigeria, and Colombia. The experimental rural energy center established in Niaga Wolof, Senegal and the integrated field project in Basaisa village, Egypt are also discussed. The final chapter offers guidelines for planning, development, and operation of integrated rural energy projects.  This monograph will appeal to energy specialists, policymakers, and others who are interested in constructing, operating, and maintaining integrated rural energy centers in developing countries.

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CAD International Directory 1986 is part of a series of directories of products and suppliers in the field of computer-aided design (CAD). It aims to be an invaluable buyer's guide and a useful all-year-round reference book that tells users who sells what in their field of interest and where to contact them.  The directory begins with four chapters that survey the current state of the CAD field and discuss developments in CAD and computer-aided engineering (CAE); factors to consider in workstation selection; and future developments in the CAD environment. The remainder of the book contains the directory of CAD products and services, which is divided into eight sections. All entries in every section but Section 1 are listed and indexed in alphabetical order of supplier. The software section is listed in alphabetical order of program name and is indexed by both supplier and program name. The suppliers' names, addresses, telephone and telex numbers are listed at the end of the directory.

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Die Casting Metallurgy focuses on developments in the metallurgy of die casting. Ore distribution, smelting methods, and energy requirements for the major non-ferrous metals that are die cast are considered.  This text has 29 chapters; the first of which provides an overview of early developments in die casting. After explaining how metals and alloys are die cast, the book turns to the production of aluminum and its alloys, aluminum alloy die castings, and melting equipment for aluminum alloys. The chapters that follow explore the metallurgy of zinc and magnesium alloys; brass and ferrous die casting; automatic metal transfer systems; metal melting treatments; and the metallurgy of die casting machines. Developments in lubrication, die casting, and finishing processes are also considered. This book also describes pressure die casting dies, thermal fatigue of die casting dies, heat treatment of die steels, and surface treatment of steels. Some comparative alloy specifications are summarized and an attempt is made to correlate units of hardness, strength, and other properties.  This book will be of interest to materials scientists and industrial materials engineers.

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Enlargement and Compaction of Particulate Solids

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Butterworths Monographs in Chemical Engineering

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Enlargement and Compaction of Particulate Solids describes the methodology used in the compaction and size enlargement of particulate solids. The discussions are organized into the following topics: characterization of powders and granules before and after compaction; mixing; shear testing; fluidized bed granulation; mechanisms of size enlargement and compaction; and instrumentation of industrial presses and processes.  This text is comprised of 12 chapters; the first of which deals with the measurement of size and shape of individual particles or collections of individual particles, both spherical and non-spherical. Attention then turns to particle characterization by size, shape, and surface for contacted particles. The application of nitrogen isotherms Types II and IV and mercury intrusion to compacted solids is highlighted. The chapters that follow focus on powder mixing; flow and handling of solids; and pharmaceutical granulation and compaction. The basic mechanisms of size enlargement are reviewed in relation to three common methods of granulation: pan granulation, fluidized bed granulation, and spray drying or prilling. The remaining chapters describe the mechanisms of compaction, compact characterization, instrumentation of tablet machines, compaction of ceramics, and isostatic pressing and compacting techniques.  This book is intended primarily for students and chemical engineers as well as physicists, powder and pharmaceutical technologists, ceramacists, and metallurgists.

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Environmental Aspects of Housing for Animal Production

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Environmental Aspects of Housing for Animal Production is concerned with environmental aspects of housing farm animals. The discussions are organized around physical and physiological principles; environmental influences on reproduction; environmental influences on the productivity of farm animals; optimal housing environments for temperate and cool climates; housing environments for hot climates; engineering and control of the house environment; and the constraints of welfare and disease.  This text consists of 32 chapters divided into nine sections. The first chapter explores the physiological mechanisms whereby the food- or fiber-producing animals maintain a constant body temperature under climatic extremes and the possible impact that these physiological processes may have on productive systems. This discussion is followed by chapters on the influence of climate on the decision to house livestock; the effect of the environment on animal reproduction; thermal influences on poultry; and the importance of ventilation and temperature control. This text also considers the poultry housing problems in tropical and subtropical climates; insulation of animal houses; and the interaction between feathering and egg production in laying hens.  This book will appeal to those working in the field of housing for animal production, both in research and development and at a practical level.