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Economic Analysis in Historical Perspective

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Economic Analysis in Historical Perspective offers a wide discussion on economics and its history. One of the books main principles is to place the several major areas of economic analysis in historical perspective.  The books first topic is about monetary economics; it includes subtopics such as concepts of money, supply and demand of money, monetary control, and rate of interest. The next chapter highlights the economics of welfare, including its nature, modern issues, classical paradigm, and advancements. In Chapter 4, the main topics are public finance, taxes, and the governments role in all of it. This chapter also elaborates on public expenditure, taxation, and income redistribution. In the last remaining chapters, the discussion circles around the topics relevant theories, metrics, and statistics.  The text serves as a valuable reference to undergraduates or postgraduates of economics.

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Taxation and Tax Policies in the Middle East

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Butterworths Studies in International Political Economy

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Taxation and Tax Policies in the Middle East evaluates the general role that tax policies have played in the economic development of the Middle East since 1945 and proposes some recommendations on how fiscal tools could be better used to promote further advancement in this region.  This book is divided into six parts. Part I contains the purpose and outline of the study, while Part II discusses the economic aspects of the major categories of taxes used in most developing countries. The fiscal history and categorical breakdown of the tax profiles of 16 Middle Eastern countries are reviewed in Part III. Part IV analyzes the literature on econometric models that explain differences among countries in tax effort. In Part V, the differences in relative tax efforts across 16 countries with considerations in Islamic history, culture, and natural resource endowment are elaborated. The last part summarizes the entire study.  This publication is a good reference for economists and specialists concerned with the taxation and tax policies in the Middle East.

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Hossein Askari, John Thomas Cummings, Michael Glover, Susan Strange, Ladd Hollist

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Heat Loss from Animals and Man: Assessment and Control represents the Proceedings of the Twentieth Easter School in Agricultural Science, held at the University Of Nottingham in 1973.  The book explores the theme of heat loss, beginning with statements about physical principles and progressing through a review of physiological and behavioral knowledge to a final session on a few of the economic implications of attempting to control human and animal environments. A final chapter focusing on the topic of thermal neutrality, where all participants were asked to comment on is added to the Proceedings in an attempt to reach a common view on this controversial matter.  Physicists, physiologists, and agriculturists will find the text interesting.

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Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium Held by the Uranium Institute, London, 1  3 September, 1982

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Uranium and Nuclear Energy: 1982 compiles and summarizes papers presented at the Seventh International Symposium by The Uranium Institute held in London on September 1-3, 1982.  This book consists of six main topics: nuclear power and energy policy, uranium supply and demand, nuclear power economics and finance, market stability, government policy including non-proliferation, and communications with the public. This compilation specifically discusses Japan's energy strategy and significance of nuclear energy; electrification, economic growth and uranium power; and uranium equation in 1982. The utility procurement policies in the USA, nuclear power for the oil-exporting countries, and past attempts to stabilize other commodity markets are also elaborated. This text likewise covers nuclear energy in the twilight of the oil era and public knowledge of nuclear power.  This publication is suitable for economists, chemists, geologists, and researchers interested in uranium and nuclear energy.

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Ultrasonics International 83 contains the proceedings of the Ultrasonics International Conference held in Halifax, Canada, on July 12-14, 1983. The papers focus on the role of ultrasound in various fields such as non-destructive testing, aerospace, high power, and medicine.  The papers are organized into 24 sessions, which first discuss the applications of ultrasonics in aerospace. The session on non-destructive testing then describes ultrasonic applications including automatic in-motion inspection of the tread of railway wheels by EMA excited Rayleigh waves; effect of material deformation on the velocity of critically refracted shear waves in railroad rail; and crack depth estimation using wideband laser generated surface acoustic waves. The next session is concerned with medical ultrasonics and includes papers exploring the use of reflectivity tomography in attenuating media, wave propagation in biological tissue, and ultrasonic Doppler measurement of blood flow volume rate in the abdomen. The sessions that follow consider acoustic emission, visualization, material characterization, optoacoustics, and the physics of ultrasonics. High power and underwater ultrasonics, acoustic microscopy, transducers, and instrumentation are also discussed.  This monograph will be of value to physicists and other scientists interested in ultrasonics.

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Measurement of Pressure, Level, Flow and Temperature

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Instrument Technology, Volume 1 focuses on the instruments used in the measurement, recording, and control of critical variables in industrial processes. More specifically, measurements of pressure, liquid level in a tank or vessel, flow, and temperature are discussed. Instruments are classified according to the physical principle upon which they are based.  The discussion begins by introducing the reader to the system of units of measurement used throughout the text. This topic is followed by four chapters, each dealing largely with the mathematics and physics of the instruments, which are classified according to the decimal system. The first chapter describes the principles on which the measurement of pressure and the transmission of force by a fluid depend. Before considering the actual methods of measuring pressure, the book first explains the difference between absolute and differential pressure. The second chapter discusses how the level of liquid in a tank or vessel is measured using direct methods and pressure-operated types. The third chapter focuses on the measurement of flow using quantity meters and rate-of-flow meters. The final chapter is concerned with temperatures measured on different thermometers and the two fixed points used to compare such measurements: the lower fixed point (ice-point) and the upper fixed point (steam-point).  This book is intended for instrument and chemical engineers, as well as for students studying both craftsmen and technician courses.

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Information Symposium Measurement and Control Techniques in Rolling

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Information Symposium: Measurement and Control Techniques in Rolling covers the proceedings of the 1981 Information Symposium on Measurement and Control Techniques in Rolling, held in Luxembourg, sponsored by the Commission of the European Communities. This book is organized into five parts encompassing 25 chapters that assess the impact of research and development on steel-making technology.  The opening part presents an overview of the developments in the rolling mill technology and measuring instruments. The next part discusses the requirements and advances in the reheating processes in rolling mills, with a special emphasis on the conditioning of the steel in preparation for the recrystallization and transformation process to obtain the desired mechanical properties of the product.  This part also examines the non-destructive testing techniques for internal and surface defects determination in steel. The third part of this text tackles the progress made in the rolling of long products, particularly in rod, merchant bar, and medium and heavy section rolling lines. The discussion then shifts to various research programs sponsored by the European Economic Community that have made a number of practical contributions to solving problems in the field. The concluding part focuses on the condition monitoring approach to maintenance and the development of monitoring techniques.  This book is of great benefit to steel researchers, designers, engineers, and manufacturers.

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Materials Technology, Volume 2: The Fabrication of Materials deals with the processes of materials fabrication. This book focuses on systems used to transform raw materials into shaped states suitable for practical service. Principles of manufacture are discussed, along with the advantages and disadvantages of each method of fabrication and the diverse manufacturing sequences that are possible. The administrative aspects of manufacture are also considered.  This volume is comprised of eight chapters and begins by introducing the reader to casting methods, including solidification casting, gravity-flow mold-filling, and pressurized mold-filling. Emphasis is placed on how materials that are reduced to a liquid state and then solidified can be prepared for service or formed to a useful shape. The chapters that follow explore powder preparation, mixing, compacting, and consolidation; mechanical means of fabrication; fabrication by bonding and machining; and the role of inventors and designers in fabrication. This volume concludes by assessing the economic aspects of fabrication, with particular reference to essential needs, conveniences, and luxuries.  This book will be useful to first-year university undergraduates in engineering technician courses and more specialized technician courses.

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Studies in the Agricultural and Food Sciences

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Mineral Nutrition of Animals reviews the research on the mineral nutrition of animals. This book explores the biological function and metabolism of minerals in the body, as well as mineral feeding of various species of farm animals. Topics range from water metabolism and mineral composition of feeds to the physiological role of macroelements such as calcium and potassium and microelements such as iron and copper.  This text is comprised of 16 chapters; the first of which provides a historical overview of the science of mineral feeding of animals; mineral elements and their function in animal nutrition; and mineral feeding of animals under industrial conditions. The chapters that follow present general information on minerals, describe the link between biogeochemical regions and biochemical ecology, and analyze the factors affecting the mineral composition of animals' bodies. The reader is also introduced to water metabolism and the water requirements of animals; the metabolism of minerals absorbed into the digestive tract; and the kinetics of mineral metabolism in the blood, organs, and tissues. The next section is devoted to mineral feeding of various species of farm animals such as cattle, sheep, pigs, and poultry. This text concludes by looking at methods of controlling the adequacy of farm animals' mineral diet.  This book will be of interest to students and practitioners in agriculture and food science.

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V. I. Georgievskii, B. N. Annenkov, V. T. Samokhin

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Pneumatic Conveying Design Guide is a guide for the design of pneumatic conveying systems and includes detailed data and information on the conveying characteristics of a number of materials with a wide range of properties. This book includes logic diagrams for design procedures and scaling parameters for the conveying line configuration. It also explains how to improve the performance of pneumatic conveyors by optimizing, uprating, and extending the system or adapting it for a change of material.  This book consists of 15 chapters divided into three sections and opens with an overview of the state of the art on pneumatic conveying, along with definitions of the terms used in pneumatic conveying. The next chapter describes the various types of pneumatic conveying systems and the parameters that influence their capabilities in terms of material flow rate and conveying distance. The discussion then turns to feeding and discharging of the conveying line; selection of a pneumatic conveying system for a particular application; and design procedures for pneumatic conveying system. The theory and use of compressed air in pneumatic conveying are also considered, along with the effect of material properties on conveying performance; troubleshooting; and operational problems and some solutions. The final chapter is devoted to the use of bench-scale test methods to determine the material properties relevant to pneumatic conveying.  This monograph is intended for designers and users of pneumatic conveying systems.

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Metallurgical Microscopy provides the general principles, methods, and techniques in metallurgical microscopy.  The book initially provides the techniques for specimen preparation for macroscopic and microscopic examination. Subsequent chapters are devoted to the discussion of light-optical microscopy and photography, interferometry and contrast-raising methods, and microhardness measurement. Topics on high-temperature microscopy, a brief review of the electron microprobe and its applications, and the construction, properties and applications of the electron microscope are presented as well.  Metallurgists and materials scientists will find the book very informative and useful.

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Subcellular Components: Preparation and Fractionation talks about cells and particles' components, including their preparation and fractionation. The book includes theories and answers to questions that are relevant to the study.  The first chapter of the book details various facts about homogenization of mammalian cells. This chapter presents the results of studies on solid tissues and single-cell suspensions; the author then offers his conclusion of the study. The next two chapters highlight the methods on isolating nuclei, including the guides for standard assessment and the procedure of isolation, along with analysis of nuclei biochemical properties. The main topics in Chapter 4 are mitochondria from animal tissues and yeasts; this chapter also discusses the preparation for a rat-liver, blowfly flight-muscle, yeast, and brain mitochondria. The chapter that follows widely talks about lysosomes, including its historical background, centrifugal method, and related topics. In the next several chapters, the topics covered include purification, isolation, preparation, and separation of cells including plasma-membrane, polysomes, ribosomes, microsomes, and microvilli.  The book serves as a great reference for undergraduates and postgraduates in the field, as it contains a thorough discussion of various relevant studies.

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Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium Held by the Uranium Institute, London, 2  4 September, 1981

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Uranium and Nuclear Energy: 1981 is a collection of 27 papers presented at the Sixth International Symposium on Uranium and Nuclear Energy, held by The Uranium Institute, London on September 2-4, 1981. This six-part volume represents a true cross-section of world opinion on nuclear matters.    After briefly discussing the leading problems linked to worlds energy and ideas concerning possible solutions, this book goes on presenting the Uranium Institute analysis on uranium supply and demand, the growth in stockpiles of natural and enriched uranium, and the effect of these stockpiles on the market for natural uranium. Part III examines the principles and applicability of the geological, geophysical, and geochemical uranium exploration techniques, while Part IV highlights the possibility of utilizing nuclear energy in a number of countries, with a particular emphasis on the involvement of public and the organizations in nuclear plant construction for project implementation. Part V considers the controversy in supply assurances in the nuclear field and the prospects of reaching new international consensus concerning uranium utilization. Part VI deals with the growing maturity of the nuclear industry, the nature of the worlds energy crisis, and the plight of the developing countries in nuclear energy.       This book will be of value to nuclear energy researchers and economists.

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Immunological Aspects of Reproduction in Mammals

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Immunological Aspects of Reproduction in Mammals contains papers presented during a symposium at the University of Nottingham Easter School. The scholarly presentations provide a wealth of information on the field of reproductive immunology and indicate just how complex this field is and how many questions still remain to be answered.  The book begins with reviews of the current status of the complexities and uncertainties of the cellular basis of the immune response and the structure and function of antibodies. This is followed by separate chapters on the assessment and interpretation of the phenomena surrounding autoimmune and isoimmune reactions to spermatozoa; advances in defining the distribution and degree of exposure of major histocompatibility antigens; the reproductive immunology of the mouse, horse, and sheep; and fetal and neonatal immunity. Subsequent chapters present studies of immunization of several species with either the hypothalamic hormone LH-RH, pituitary gonadotrophins, or ovarian steroids; and studies directed towards efforts to enhance animal production by either active or passive immunization of female farm animals against steroid hormones.  This book will be a valuable reference text for those already involved in the field and a stimulus for others to enter this complex and fascinating area of research.

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Butterworths Monographs in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

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Silicon in Organic Synthesis provides an introduction to the organic chemistry of silicon. This book places particular emphasis on the concept of silicon as a ferryman, mediating the transformation of one wholly organic molecule into another.  The book begins by reviewing the discovery and development of organosilicon compounds. This is followed by separate chapters on the physical properties of organosilicon compounds; the preparation of a-metallated organosilanes, which play a key role in preparative organosilicon chemistry; migration/rearrangement reactions of silicon; the preparation and chemistry of vinylsilanes, allylsilanes, arylsilanes, and organosilyl metallic compounds. Subsequent chapters cover the synthesis of compounds such as alkene, alkynylsilanes, allenylsilanes, silylketenes, alkyl silyl ethers, acyloxysilanes, and silyl enol ethers.  This book aims to serve as a timely introduction to organic chemistry for students and practitioners of synthetic organic chemistry, as well as provide a source of useful information and possibly of new ideas to those already experienced in the area.

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Ernest W. Colvin, Patrick Perlmutter, A D Buckommgham, S Danishefsky

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European Environmental Policy: East and West focuses on areas of cooperation between Eastern and Western Europe in the field of environmental protection. This text explores the various economic and political circumstances in East and West within which the environmental problem arises, and which will determine the possibilities of reaching a solution. This book also examines results and opportunities still open for East-West environmental cooperation.  This text has 10 chapters and begins with a brief presentation of the problem areas, followed by a survey of existing legislative and organizational arrangements. The next chapters analyze the forms of environmental cooperation practiced in Comecon countries; the influence of the structural characteristics of socialist economic integration on collaboration in the environmental field; and the causes of environmental problems that are specific to East and West. The limitations and possibilities of cooperation between East and West are then discussed, with emphasis on sub-regional cooperation between those countries faced with a specific transnational pollution problem, namely, the countries bordering the Baltic and the river Danube.  This book will be of interest to planners and decision makers involved in environmental policy and protection, especially in Europe.

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Semiconductor Opto-Electronics focuses on opto-electronics, covering the basic physical phenomena and device behavior that arise from the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and electrons in a solid.  The first nine chapters of this book are devoted to theoretical topics, discussing the interaction of electromagnetic waves with solids, dispersion theory and absorption processes, magneto-optical effects, and non-linear phenomena. Theories of photo-effects and photo-detectors are treated in detail, including the theories of radiation generation and the behavior of semiconductor lasers and lamps. The rest of this text deals with the group IV elements, III-V compounds, and selection of the most important chalcogenides.  This publication is intended primarily for physicists engaged in academic research or commercial device development and for honors students specializing in solid-state physics.

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Proceedings of Previous Easter Schools in Agricultural Science

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Upgrading Waste for Feeds and Food considers how wasted or underutilized nutrients could be recovered and upgraded in order to make more food available, either directly or through animal intermediaries.  This book assesses what progress had already been made in seeking a solution to the problem of large quantities of food being wasted. The topics discussed include the world outlook for food, sources of food waste, and recovery and utilization of protein from slaughterhouse effluents by chemical precipitation. The silage production, use of microbiological agents in upgrading waste for feed and food, and underutilized proteins for beverages are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the crude pectate gelling agents in heat processed foods and utilization of food wastes as raw material in the pet-food industry.  This publication is a good source for agriculturists, nutritionists, and food technologists concerned with recovering wasted food.

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David Ledward, A. J. Taylor, R. A. Lawrie

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New Perspectives in Adipose Tissue: Structure, Function and Development reviews the state of knowledge on adipose tissue. The book begins with discussions of the anatomy and morphology of adipose tissue. This is followed by separate chapters on the nervous control of circulation and metabolism in white adipose tissue; hormonal regulation of biosynthetic activities in white adipose tissue; hormonal control of lipid degradation; and plasma membrane properties and receptors in white adipose tissue. Subsequent chapters cover topics such as lipoproteins and adipose tissue; brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and energy balance in animals and man; methodological approaches to the study of the adipose tissues; adipose tissue growth following lipectomy; the adipocyte precursor cell; and adipose tissue dysfunction and its consequences.  In addition to being authoritative source material, the chapters presented in this book are wide in their coverage and appeal.

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International Accounting and Transnational Decisions explores a wide range of significant international accounting issues with special reference to the comparative development of national systems of accounting, international accounting standards, transnational financial reporting issues and financial planning and control in the multinational corporation.  The book is organized into five parts. Part I discusses the international dimensions of accounting including both the financial reporting and managerial decision-making perspectives. The second part is concerned with the comparative international aspects of accounting. The Part III presents developments and questions relating to international accounting standards. The fourth part considers a number of selected transnational financial reporting issues of concern both to managers and financial statement users. The last part takes a managerial perspective in its coverage of important problems of transnational financial decision making and control.  Accountants and students of accounting will find the book useful.