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Adsorption Processes for Water Treatment

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Adsorption Processes for Water Treatment discusses the application of adsorption in water purification. The book is comprised of 10 chapters that detail the carbon and resin adsorptive processes for potable water treatment.  The text first covers the elements of surface chemistry and then proceeds to discussing adsorption models. Chapter 3 tackles the kinetics of adsorption, while Chapter 4 deals with batch systems and fixed fluid beds. Next, the book talks about the physical and chemical properties of carbon. The next two chapters discuss the adsorption of organic compounds and the removal of inorganic compounds, respectively. The eighth chapter presents operational, pilot plant, and case studies. Chapter 9 discusses the biological activated carbon treatment of drinking water, and Chapter 10 covers the adsorption of macroreticular resins.  The book will be of great use to both researchers and professionals involved in the research and development of water treatment process.

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SteroidCell Interactions describes the processes involved in the intracellular binding of steroids (and related compounds) in mammalian cells. Serum binding proteins and steroid-immunoglobulin interaction are also discussed, along with the relationship of these binding processes to the biological action of the steroid.  This book consists of 10 chapters and begins by presenting an elementary account of the factors contributing to the interaction between a steroid hormone and another molecule. The discussion then turns to the three types of methods used to study the interaction between steroids and tissue receptors: cell fractionation, autoradiography, and the separation of specifically and non-specifically bound steroids. The next chapter deals with the metabolism of steroid hormones in relation to their binding and mechanism of action, focusing on testosterone and progesterone. The reader is also introduced to the intracellular binding of androgens, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and estrogens and to how binding is related to biological activity. The final chapter reviews the clinical and immunological data relevant to steroid-protein binding.  This text will be of interest to students and practitioners of biology, biochemistry, and physiology.

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Pig Production in Australia is a comprehensive book that presents the aspects and advances on Australian pig production.   The text contains chapters on a very wide variety of topics relevant to the pig production industry. There are sections on production aspects of the industry such as genetics, reproduction, marketing, education and training and financial management. There is a comprehensive section on health and disease aspects. Other sections relevant to consumers such as the nutritional value and quality of pig meat and those factors which influence them are detailed. There is also coverage of important issues such as housing, waste disposal, the use of agricultural and veterinary chemicals, and animal welfare.  The book will be invaluable to pig producers, academics and researchers, and extension workers.

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Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers

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Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers: 7 is a collection of papers dealing with horse nutrition and ruminant nutrition. This collection of papers is divided in four parts. Part 1 deals with the evaluation of the dietary needs of ruminants, finding the need to replace their feeding systems by replacing the starch equivalent system with the metabolizable energy system. Feed and energy value calculation are likewise explained where metabolizable energy (ME) is shown to be easily calculated with reference to the Agricultural Research Council system and later analyses. Observations on the efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy in meat and milk follow, as feeding not only involves the efficient use of energy from the feed but also of nutritional contents and composition of the feed.   Practical application and calculation are then discussed to achieve best practices. In Parts 2 and 3, the evaluation of the dietary energy for pigs, poultry nutrition, food intake of practice broilers and laying fowl, and formulation problems are discussed. Part 4 discusses horse nutrition with detailed descriptions of the anatomy of the digestive tract, digestion and absorption of nutrients, and the horses' protein requirement. Energy requirements for the maintenance, growth, and reproduction of the horse using calculations based on the National Research Council basal allowance is discussed.   Students and professors of veterinary medicine, stable owners, horse feed manufacturers, horse enthusiasts and equestrians will find this volume helpful.

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Mammalian Cell Membranes, Volume 5: Responses of Plasma Membranes compiles broadly based reviews of specific areas of plasma membranes and introduces concepts and techniques from non-mammalian systems that may be useful in the application to eukaryotic cells.  This book discusses about the turnover of mammalian surface membranes; influence of the solute environment on membrane; effects of hydrostatic pressure and radiation on cell membranes; and stimulation by hormones and regulation by nucleotides of adenylyl cyclases. Other topics include endocytosis; cell surface and growth in vitro; membranes and aging; host cell membranes in animal virus reproduction; and cytoplasmic membranes in somatic cell interaction and hybridization.  This volume aims to provide a background of information and stimulation of interest to specialists and generalists working on mammalian cell membranes.

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Antibiotics and Antibiosis in Agriculture

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Antibiotics and Antibiosis in Agriculture: With Special Reference to Synergism is a collection of papers dealing with the properties of penicillins, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, as well as the synergistic combinations of these and other antibacterial substances. One paper discusses issues regarding antibiotics such as the sufficiency of supply, the need for more and new antibiotics, and the period of obsolescence of antibiotics. Another paper explains the use of pairs of agents as synergic combinations, for example, novobiocin and tetracycline combined together as albamacyn T. Synergy types in chemotherapy includes those used in antibacterial, penetration, and internal synergies; the paper also notes that possible complications can arise from antibiotic interactions of drug synergies. Some papers discuss applications of antibiotics, antibiosis, stress effects, and food microbiology. These applications include the use of nisin, an antibiotic, as an aid in heat preservation of food. The use of starvation as a stress mechanism in a culture of Enterobacter aerogenes to accelerate exhaustion of glycerol, which the microorganisms need, lead to glycerol-deficiency related deaths. Other papers discuss the relationships of antibiotics and antibiosis to animals and animal feeds. This collection will benefit pharmacologists, bio-chemists, agriculturists, chemotherapists, veterinarians, and medical practitioners.

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Mammalian Cell Membranes, Volume 1: General Concepts is a collection of papers that deals on the physical and chemical studies focusing on membrane structure and function.   This collection reviews the interpretation of the anatomy of the mammalian cell, including its separation and cultivation. The different methods of isolation of its surface membrane are then evaluated to bring some understanding of the subject. More descriptions of the various physical techniques adopted to membrane constituents and to cell membrane research, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, electron spin resonance, fluorescence, and flash photolysis spectroscopy are given. Discoveries of mitochondrial DNA and other techniques have increased investigation of the synthesis and components of functional mitochondria, leading to different perspectives on models of membrane structure.   This book can serve the needs of biochemists and microbiologists in advancing their work, research, and understanding of mammalian cell membranes.

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Principles of Enzyme Kinetics discusses the principles of enzyme kinetics at an intermediate level.  It is primarily written for first-year research students in enzyme kinetics.  The book is composed of 10 chapters. Chapter 1 provides the basic principles of enzyme kinetics with a brief discussion of dimensional analysis. Subsequent chapters cover topics on the essential characteristics of steady-state kinetics, temperature dependence, methods for deriving steady-state rate equations, and control of enzyme activity. Integrated rate equations, and introductions to the study of fast reactions and the statistical aspects of enzyme kinetics are provided as well.  Chemists and biochemists will find the book invaluable.

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Man meets Microbes: An Introduction to Medical Microbiology is concerned with the infective aspects of disease in man. It considers the role of organisms in causing disease and also with the response to, and defense of man against these organisms.  The book begins with a general introduction, providing a survey of the history of microbiology and a classification of micro-organisms and parasites capable of causing disease in man. Subsequent chapters are devoted to discussions on such topics as host-parasite relationships, parasites, bacteria and viruses, and organ systems and how they get infected with disease. The final chapter covers certain topics such as infection during pregnancy, fever, and nursing being a hazardous occupation.  Microbiologists and those in the medical profession will find the book very useful.

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Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers

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Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers: 8 is a collection of papers that discusses world protein supplies, protein nutrition of farm livestock, alternative sources of protein, problems of amino- acid availability, and the use of synthetic amino-acids. Several papers deal with non-protein nitrogen as an alternative nitrogen source, the nutritive value of silages, and the use of dried grass or processed straw in ruminant feeding. One paper evaluates the protein and amino-acid requirements of poultry, pigs, and ruminants. Another paper examines the reduced availability of amino-acid in some batches of feeding stuffs and notes that the problem has been approached by correcting low estimates and the adoption of improved manufacturing practices. One paper points out the possibility of producing all the amino acids required for feedstock either synthetically or by fermentation, but the animal feed industry will be interested only in methionine and lysine. The paper also notes that France can save almost a quarter of its protein imports by adopting a generalized use of lysine and a better use of methionine. The collection will prove valuable to agriculturists, food technologists, bio-chemists, veterinarians, economists, livestock owners, and scientists involved in livestock food production or research.

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VIth International Symposium on Carbohydrate Chemistry

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Carbohydrate Chemistry  VI (Madison 1972) covers the proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Carbohydrate Chemistry, held in Madison, USA on August 14-18, 1972.   Chapter 1 focuses on the study of complex formation of sugar-metal complexes using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Chapter 2 describes the three types of reaction in the synthesis of fluoro sugars, namely, nucleophilic displacements with fluoride salts, epoxide cleavage, and glycal addition. Chapter 3 discusses the influence of pure, applied, and analytical research studies on the changes in carbohydrate marketing and industrial sugar production. Chapter 4 examines the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate, which exemplifies the formation of connective tissue polysaccharides. This chapter also considers the properties and substrate specificities of enzymes used in the biosynthesis. Chapter 5 explores the developments in cellulose and related polysaccharides found in plant cell walls.  This book will be of great benefit to carbohydrate chemists and researchers.

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Studies in the Agricultural and Food Sciences

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Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition1983 is a collection of papers that tackles the nutritional concerns of raising livestock. The text presents 14 studies that are organized into four parts.  The first part covers the evaluation of nutritional data. This part discusses the interpretation of response data from animal feeding trials and errors in measurement and their importance in animal nutrition. Next, the book deals with topics relevant to pig nutrition, such as predicting the energy content of pig feeds and the use of fat in sow diets. Part III discusses the systems of calf rearing and milk replacers of calves. The remaining chapters tackle the concerns in ruminant nutrition, including nutritional aspects of high yielding dairy herds and copper in animal feeds.  The text will be most useful to both researchers and practitioners of animal related disciplines, such agriculture and veterinary medicine.

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Quantum Pharmacology, Second Edition discusses molecular pharmacology, molecular quantum mechanics, and the applications of theory to experiment. The book reviews molecular and quantitative pharmacology, as well as acetylcholines, catecholamines, and histamines. The text also discusses the central nervous system in relation to monoamines, acetylcholines, amino acids, and peptides. The book explains wave functions and orbitals, secular equations, matrix elements, and self-consistent molecular orbitals. One way to improve wave functions as a result of a self-consistent field or as an approximate calculation, is to permit different configurations to interact. Linear mixing will lead to improved wave functions. The investigator can compute wave functions and energies of molecules for any set of nuclear coordinates. Quantum chemical calculations treat conformation as similar with geometry; calculations are performed for a series of positions in one part of a molecule relative to another. The investigator can then compare the energies found in each position. The book points out that calculations of conformational internal energy surfaces for flexible pharmacological molecules treating the molecule or ion as isolated in space fit in with observed results of crystallographic experiments. The text is suitable for pharmacologists, and scientists involved in molecular pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, and quantum chemistry.

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Environmental Pollutants - Selected Analytical Methods (SCOPE6) presents a number of carefully chosen analytical methods for use in the determination of trace amounts of certain substances in the environment. This compilation is prepared by the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE), an international council of scientists who provide advice with respect to environmental problems.  The book contains a wide variety of methods in the determination of chemical elements and compounds in various segments of the environment, in air, water, soil and biota. The methods described in the compendium include Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry in the determination of airborne particulate lead, cadmium, cobalt, and vanadium. The use of the Ring Oven Technique in the determination of airborne particulate zinc, nickel, and copper is discussed. The determination of mercury in the air, water, and biological media is also elucidated.  The book will be of great use to chemists, ecologists, biologists, and researchers concerned with environmental pollution monitoring.

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First International Conference on Organic Synthesis

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Organic Synthesis is a collection of papers dealing with synthetic tools, the effect of pressure on the electronic states of organic solids, and some novel approaches to alkylations. Some papers explain the cyclopropanation of silyl enol ethers and the two-phase reactions in the chemistry of carbanions and halocarbenes as useful tools in organic synthesis. One paper investigates the "biogenetic-type" synthesis of the bicyclic penicillin-cephalosporin antibiotics from an acyclic tripeptide equivalent. Another paper explains the advantages of the two-phase system to generate trihalomethylanions and dihalocarbenes as it allows the investigator to carry out all the reactions typical for these species easily. The system also readily applies to the reactions of some carbanions with aromatic nitrocompounds. Thallium(III) nitrate (TTN) can be used as an oxidant in organic synthesis; reactions that follow it use include the oxidations and oxidative rearrangements of olefins, acetylenes, ketones and compounds containing carbon-nitrogen double bonds. Another paper presents some examples that use singlet oxygen in synthetic organic chemistry. This collection is useful for researchers, technicians, and scientists whose works involve organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and other related fields of chemistry, such as physical chemistry and inorganic chemistry.

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Aluminum Alloys: Structure and Properties is a reference book that provides a concise description of the practical aspects of structures and properties of aluminum alloys.  The book first covers the traits of pure and commercial aluminum, which include the composition, physical and thermal properties, and radiation. Next, the text covers the various classifications of aluminum alloys, such as binary, ternary, and commercial alloys.  The text will be of great use to metallurgical engineers, inorganic chemists, and other researchers and practitioners who deal with aluminum and its alloys.

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Third International Symposium on Carotenoids Other Than Vitamin A

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Carotenoids Other Than Vitamin A-III represents the plenary lectures presented at the Third International Symposium on Carotenoids other than Vitamin A held at Cluj, Romania in September 1972.  The book is a collection of lecture papers on a wide range of topic concerning carotenoids. Several papers deal with such topics as carotene biosynthesis in fungi, studies of carotenoid biosynthesis in bacteria, and an investigation of the violaxanthin cycle. The text also contains research papers focusing on photoregulated carotenoid biosynthesis in non-photosynthetic microorganisms, structure of carotenoids, and studies on carotenoids and related compounds.  Chemists and pharmacologists will find the book insightful and interesting.

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First International Symposium on Advances in Microbial Engineering

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Microbial Engineering is a collection of invited lectures presented at the First International Symposium on Advances in Microbial Engineering held in Marianske Lazne, Czechoslovakia, from August 28 to September 1, 1972. Contributors explore significant developments in the field of microbial engineering and cover topics ranging from the role of microbial films in fermentation and fundamentals of fermenter design to aeration and agitation in antibiotic fermentations; kinetics of hydrolase production by microorganisms; and kinetics of product synthesis in continuous alcoholic fermentation.  This book is comprised of nine chapters and begins by introducing the reader to the role of microbial films in fermentation, with emphasis on the mechanism of microbial adhesion as well as the important characteristics of the surfaces and the microorganisms. The next chapter examines the effects of environmental (macro) conditions and those on the cell level in relation to heat and mass transfer in microbial systems. The discussion then turns to the self-regulating mechanisms in bacterial cells; methods used to disintegrate cells to release unstable substances; and the influence of environmental factors on the kinetics of biosynthetic processes. A method for controlling aeration and agitation in the course of antibiotic fermentation is also described. The final chapter presents the results of experiments that investigated the continuous production of ethyl alcohol using starchy materials converted to hexoses by externally formed enzymes.  This text will be of interest to microbiologists and biochemists as well as researchers in pure and applied chemistry.

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VIIth International Symposium on Carbohydrate Chemistry

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VIIth International Symposium on Carbohydrate Chemistry is a collection of papers discussing thio sugars, pathways of synthesis for specific polysaccharides, and the structural chemistry of plant glycuronoglycans. Other papers explain ion binding on polyuronates as alginate and pectin, the effects of acetate substituents on the conformations of di- and polysaccharides, as well as the immunochemical approaches to the structural chemistry of polysaccharides. One paper investigates the stereochemical assignment in some 2-thio sugar derivatives and the stereochemical lability of 2-thioaldoses in basic media. Another paper examines the synthetic chemistry of oligosaccharides, particularly, the synthesis of trisaccharides, one of which is a repeating unit of O-antigenic polysaccharide from Salmonella anatum. One paper notes that plant acidic polysaccharides should be classified in terms of their basal core structures to enable groupings and comparisons of glycuronoglycans isolated from various sources. Another paper shows that the structure of the carbohydrate moiety of glycoproteins points to the biological role of carbohydrate moieties as possible cell recognition signals. This collection can prove valuable for bio-chemists, cellular biologists, micro-biologists, and developmental biologists.

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Ab Initio Valence Calculations in Chemistry

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Ab Initio Valence Calculations in Chemistry describes the theory and practice of ab initio valence calculations in chemistry and applies the ideas to a specific example, linear BeH2. Topics covered include the Schrodinger equation and the orbital approximation to atomic orbitals; molecular orbital and valence bond methods; practical molecular wave functions; and molecular integrals. Open shell systems, molecular symmetry, and localized descriptions of electronic structure are also discussed.  This book is comprised of 13 chapters and begins by introducing the reader to the use of the Schrodinger equation to solve the electronic structure of molecular systems. This discussion is followed by two chapters that describe the chemical and mathematical nature of orbital theories in quantum chemistry. Two general ways of using chemical and physical information in looking for approximate solutions of the Schrodinger equation are highlighted: model approximations and numerical approximations. Attention then turns to atomic orbitals as the basis of a description of molecular electronic structure; practical molecular wave functions; and a general strategy for performing molecular valence calculations. The final chapter examines the nature of the valence electronic structure by using invariance with respect to transformations among the occupied molecular orbitals and among the atomic orbitals.  This text will be of interest to students and practitioners of chemistry, biochemistry, and quantum mechanics.