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Multiple Choice Questions in Anatomy and Neurobiology for Undergraduates

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Multiple Choice Questions in Anatomy and Neurobiology for Undergraduates is a collection of multiple choice questions in anatomy and neurobiology for undergraduate students. Questions are grouped for each visceral system and the nervous system. In the case of the body framework (including peripheral nerves and blood vessels), however, a regional grouping is used. Each question has the corresponding correct answer.  This book is comprised of eight chapters covering the upper limb, head and neck, musculoskeletal trunk, lower limb, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, gastrointestinal and genito-urinary systems, and neurobiology. Each chapter contains three types of questions designed to test knowledge in different ways. Type A items involve choosing a single correct answer from five available choices. Type L items are used to elicit information on the cause-effect relationship between sets of data. Type E items call for the perception of one or more correct responses among four alternatives, and the responses may be grouped in five different ways. Most questions are also accompanied by an indication of the percentage of students who obtained the correct answer on occasions of previous settings and by a biserial correlation coefficient (r biserial), indicative of the capacity of the question to distinguish between more able and less able students.  This monograph is primarily intended for medical undergraduates and will also be useful to academic anatomists building up their own question banks.

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Proceedings of Previous Easter Schools in Agricultural Science

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Computer Applications in Agricultural Environments talks about the influence of computers on the industry of agriculture. The text explains how computers help to simplify calculations and other duties related to the field.  The book's 21 chapters revolve around the relationship of computers, agriculture, and the environment. The majority of the chapters talks about the different simulation controls that the computer can do. Controls include climate control, greenhouse control, greenhouse climate feedback/feed-forward control (GCFFC) control, glasshouse control, crop drying control, sulfur dioxide control, retort control, animal control, broiler-house ventilation control, and poultry-house control. Other topics related to computers and agriculture are also discussed, such as monitoring rainfall interception, grain drying, monitoring techniques for ammonia, and various techniques for remote monitoring.  The text covers a wide range of topics in the mentioned fields, and can therefore serve as an excellent reference for students or professors in the field of agriculture.

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Atomic and Nuclear Chemistry, Volume 1: Atomic Theory and Structure of the Atom presents the developments in classical atomic chemistry in the 19th century. This book discusses the atomic theory in terms of existing ideas on nuclear structure and the wave mechanics of electrons in atoms.  Organized into six chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the origin of the atomic theory. This text then explores Berzelius's atomic weight tables. Other chapters consider Dalton's conception of an atom as a hard dense sphere. This book discusses as well the significant results of the simple wave mechanical treatment. The final chapter deals with the determination of the Avogadro's number, which enabled the actual masses of atoms and molecules to be determined.  This book is a valuable resource for atomic physicists, chemists, and research workers. First-year university students who are taking chemistry as a subsidiary subject will also find this book useful.

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Clinical, Psychological and Medicolegal Aspects

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Amnesia: Clinical, Psychological and Medicolegal Aspects, 2nd Edition explores the clinical, psychological, and medicolegal aspects of amnesia. Experimental studies of the organic amnesic syndrome are presented and memory disorders associated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are described. The role of amnesia in cerebral disease, the neuropathology of amnesic states, and psychogenic memory loss are also considered.  This book is comprised of 11 chapters and begins with a discussion on experimental studies of the organic amnesic syndrome, along with certain associated studies of normal memory. The reader is then introduced to the link between amnesia and cerebral pathology; transient global amnesia and its clinical manifestations; the amnesic syndrome and its relation to Korsakoff syndrome; traumatic amnesia; amnesias of temporal lobe origin; and memory disorders following ECT. A neuropathological examination of the human brain in cases of amnesia is presented, and examples of the psychopathology of memory are provided. The final chapter analyzes amnesia from a medicolegal point of view.   This monograph will be of interest to clinicians, neurologists, psychiatrists, psychopathologists, psychologists, and medicolegal practitioners.

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Histochemical Techniques, 2nd Edition deals with different methods of tissue processing and their application to histochemical procedures, including freeze drying and freeze substitution. Topics covered include fixation, production of paraffin and frozen sections, and principles of enzyme histochemistry. The use of histochemical methods to demonstrate carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, lipids, nucleic acids, pigments, and various enzymes is also discussed.  This book is comprised of 20 chapters and begins with an overview of the problems and values of histochemistry. The discussion then turns to carbohydrates, along with concepts and methods in carbohydrate histochemistry such as blocking and enzyme methods. Other chapters focus on amyloids, pigments, minerals, phosphatases, and esterases. The principles of enzyme histochemistry are also considered, with emphasis on preservation and factors affecting enzyme activity. The final chapter is devoted to ultra-histochemistry, the application of histochemistry to electron microscopy.   This monograph will be of interest to histochemists, histopathologists, and technologists involved in histochemical work.

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Biochemical Disorders of the Skeleton explores the biochemical and clinical aspects of skeletal disorders, including osteoporosis, osteomalacia, Paget's disease of bone, osteogenesis imperfecta, and Marfan's syndrome. Homocystinuria, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, mucopolysaccharidoses, hyperphosphatasia and hypophosphatasia, and fibrous dysplasia are also considered.  Comprised of 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the physiology of bone, with emphasis on the structures produced by bone cells and the different hormones that influence them. The symptoms, signs, and investigation of metabolic bone disease are then described and compared. The following chapters focus on the biochemistry and clinical aspects of disorders affecting the skeleton, from osteoporosis and osteomalacia to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, fibrous dysplasia, osteopetroses and hyperostoses, and fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium. The final chapter offers a short description of advances that have been made in understanding these  biochemical disorders, including the significance of low-plasma calcitonin in women; the role of mithramycin in Paget's disease; and the identification of the different types of osteogenesis imperfecta.  This monograph will be a valuable resource for physicians, pediatricians, and orthopedic surgeons.

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Cytochemical Bioassays: Techniques and Clinical Applications describes the techniques and clinical applications of cytochemical bioassays, particularly with respect to polypeptide hormones. This book discusses the clinical and research implications of studies that use these techniques.  This text is comprised of 14 chapters; the first of which introduces the reader to the origins and general principles of cytochemical bioassays, along with their advantages. This discussion is followed by a chapter that explains what is meant by ""an assay""; for what purpose assays are done; the basic components of an assay method; and the nature of the difference between in vivo and in vitro hormone bioassays, in vitro ligand assays, and enzyme assays. Attention then turns to the techniques of cytochemical bioassays and the cytochemical bioassay procedures for adrenocorticotropic hormones; thyroid-stimulating hormones; the thyroid-stimulating antibody of Graves' disease; thyroid growth stimulating and blocking immunoglobulins; and luteinizing hormones. The next chapters focus on the technique and clinical relevance of a cytochemical bioassay for gastrin-like activity and for measurement of antidiuretic hormones, parathyroid hormones, angiotensin II, natriuretic hormones, and hypothalamic regulating hormones.  This book will be of interest to clinicians and practitioners of biology, biochemistry, and endocrinology.

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Case Presentations in Neurology presents a selection of case histories demonstrating how patients with often quite simple problems may present and to bring out aspects of their diagnosis and management. All the patients presented to the Department of Neurology including those with more obscure diagnoses. The book consists of 12 exercises, each of six cases broadly corresponding to the style of the MRCP (UK) written case history papers. Each case is set out with the history and physical findings given first. There follows either a series of questions or true/false statements on one side of the page which the reader should attempt before continuing on to the answer section on the other side. There then follows a short discussion about each case and a single reference. This book is intended for those doctors studying for higher professional qualifications such as the MRCP, although it may be of interest and use to medical students approaching their final examinations.

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G. S. Venables, D. Bates, N. E. F. Cartlidge

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Fetal Physiology and Medicine: The Basis of Perinatology, Second, Revised Edition documents many of the major advances in fetal medicine, including developmental physiology, pathology, and therapy. This book covers the most important areas of maternofetal medicine and presents different views of the critical problems of development. The various components of fetal metabolism are highlighted to demonstrate how animal experimentation has given a clear view of the interrelationship of the mother, placenta, and fetus.  This text is comprised of 24 chapters; the first of which describes the use of ultrasound in antenatal diagnosis of congenital structural anomalies. This topic is followed by a discussion on sexual differentiation, acquired immunity, and endocrine changes, as well as the physiology of breathing, the control of the fetal cardiovascular system, lung maturation, fetal infections, and the effects of hypoxia on the fetal brain. This book also provides comprehensive reviews of fetal regulatory mechanisms, such as the reninangiotensin system, water metabolism, and fetal and placental hormone production. Other chapters focus on clinical applications, such as antenatal fetal heart rate monitoring, the technical aspects of fetal and uterine pressure measurements, fetal acid-base balance, and the prevention of preterm delivery. A section that explores the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life concludes this book.  This source is of great potential value to all students and practitioners of reproductive medicine.

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Vascular Surgical Techniques describes a number of complex and controversial operations performed by the most eminent vascular surgeons from around the world.  This book focuses on operations in which special maneuvers or aspects of technique are important in determining a successful outcome, such as arterial surgery that includes procedures for revascularization of the brain, operations on the larger arteries, and microvascular surgery. The problems associated with aortic surgery and its important branches to the kidneys and viscera are also covered.  This text likewise considers surgery to the profunda femoris artery and lower limb revascularization that involves a bypass technique of one sort or another. The method s of performing one of surgery's main controversies that concerns the most effective way to reconstruct the femorodistal segment are also deliberated.  This publication is intended for practicing general and vascular surgeons, but is also valuable to general surgical trainees with an interest in the field of vascular surgery.

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The Commonwealth and International Library: Selected Readings in Analytical Chemistry

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Coulometry in Analytical Chemistry reviews significant developments concerning the applications of coulometry, particularly constant-current coulometry and constant-potential coulometry, to analytical chemistry. Topics covered include the equipment and technique for constant-current coulometry and controlled-potential coulometry; titrations in organic and inorganic analysis using constant-current coulometry; and applications of controlled-potential coulometry to analysis of organic and inorganic compounds.  This book is comprised of seven chapters and begins by introducing the reader to the principles of electrolysis and the emergence of coulometry as a technique in analytical chemistry. The distinction between coulometry at constant current and coulometry at constant potential is considered, along with the difficulties associated with each technique. The next chapter examines the electrochemistry of each system. The discussion then turns to the equipment and technique for constant-current coulometry, coulometers for controlled-potential coulometry, and controlled-potential coulometric titrators. The use of controlled-potential coulometry in the analysis of organic and inorganic compounds is also discussed. The final chapter presents some papers of major importance in the historical development of coulometry as an analytical method.  This book will be of interest to undergraduate students and practicing analytical chemists, as well as those who wish to learn the great development in analytical chemistry in general, or electro analytical chemistry in particular.

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G. W. C. Milner, G. M. Phillips, R. J. Magee

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Annual Reports in Organic Synthesis1982 presents an annual review of synthetically useful information that would prove beneficial to nearly all organic chemists, both specialist and nonspecialist in synthesis. It should help relieve some of the information storage burden of the specialist and should aid the nonspecialist who is seeking help with a specific problem to become rapidly aware of recent synthetic advances. In producing this volume the editors abstracted 48 primary chemistry journals, selecting useful synthetic advances. All reactions and methods which are new, synthetically useful, and reasonably general are included. Each entry is comprised primarily of structures accompanied by very few comments. The purpose of this is to aid the reader in rapidly scanning the book.  Chapters I-III are organized by reaction type and constitute the major part of the book. Chapter IV deals with methods of synthesizing heterocyclic systems. Chapter V covers the use of new protecting groups. Chapter VI is divided into three main parts and covers those synthetically useful transformations that do not fit easily into the first three chapters. The first part deals only with functional group synthesis. The second part covers ring expansion and contraction, and the third part involves useful multistep sequences.

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High Technology Aids for the Disabled presents some technical aids and microcomputers for the disabled. This technology could herald a major advance in improving the quality of life of many disabled people.  Organized into four parts, this book begins with an assessment of disability. This book then presents a very wide variety of bioengineering approaches to replacement of function. Subsequent chapters explore the reduction of handicap using computer technology, following three main themes: microcomputer systems, user input controls, and speech training and recognition. The last part discusses the collaboration with user organizations in the development of technological aids.  This book will be useful for disabled people in coping with their respective difficulties and for those people involved in helping disabled people maximize their human potential.

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Annual Reports in Organic Synthesis  1990

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Annual Reports in Organic Synthesis1990 is a bibliography of papers on organic synthesis from primary chemistry journals. Topics covered range from carbon-carbon bond forming reactions to oxidations, reductions, synthesis of heterocycles, and synthetic preparations.  This book consists of seven chapters and begins with a list of papers on carbon-carbon bond forming reactions, including carbon-carbon single, double, and triple bonds as well as cyclopropanations and synthesis through organometallics. The following chapters focus on oxidations and reductions; methods of synthesizing heterocyclic systems such as lactams and lactones; and the use of protecting groups. Synthetically useful transformations are considered next, with emphasis on functional group synthesis, additions to alkenes or alkynes, and sulfur compounds. The final chapter deals with other reviews of topics ranging from asymmetric synthesis and molecular recognition to reactive intermediates; organometallics and organometalloids; halogen compounds and halogenation; and natural products.  This monograph will appeal to organic chemists, both specialist and nonspecialist in synthesis.

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Kenneth Turnbull, Phillip Weintraubull, Daniel M. Ketcha

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Physics of Thin Films: Advances in Research and Development, Volume 12 reviews advances that have been made in research and development concerning the physics of thin films. This volume covers a wide range of preparative approaches, physics phenomena, and applications related to thin films.  This book is comprised of four chapters and begins with a discussion on metal coatings and protective layers for front surface mirrors used at various angles of incidence from the ultraviolet to the far infrared. Thin-film materials and deposition conditions suitable for minimizing reflectance changes with angle of incidence are described, along with novel oxide protective coatings with enhanced chemical stability and mechanical durability. The next chapter offers a comprehensive treatment of photoemissive materials. After giving a rather detailed review of the physics of photoemission, the main classes of thin-film photoemitters, including Ag-O-Cs, alkali antimonides, and negative-electron affinity photocathodes, are considered. A description of field-assisted cathodes potentially suitable for wavelengths beyond 1.1 micrometers, such as transferred-electron structures and field-emission arrays, is also given. The reader is then introduced to spray pyrolysis and the solution growth technique for chemical solution deposition of inorganic films. This text concludes with a chapter on plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of thin films, paying particular attention to the experimental conditions required for a range of element and compound materials as well as some of the unusual film properties and structures achieved by this approach.  This monograph will be useful to students and practitioners of physics, especially those interested in thin films.

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Georg Hass, Maurice H. Francombe, John L. Vossen

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A Physiological Approach to Clinical Neurology

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A Physiological Approach to Clinical Neurology, Third Edition is a 13-chapter book that first describes pain and other sensations, weakness, neuromuscular disorders, spinal reflexes, as well as muscle tone and movement. This text also explores the disordered muscle tone, a term used to describe the sensation of resistance felt by the clinician as he manipulates a joint through a range of movement with the subject attempting to relax. Other chapters discuss the basal ganglia and their disorders and the cerebellum and its disorders. The anatomy and physiology of the special senses, cranial nerves, and autonomic nervous system are also explained. The last three chapters elucidate consciousness, unconsciousness, epilepsy, and the relationship between brain and mind. This book will be useful to those in the field of clinical neurology.

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Lake and Reservoir Restoration deals with the eutrophication process and the methods to protect, restore, and manage lakes and reservoirs. The most common in-lake techniques or procedures, plus nutrient diversion, are reviewed with regard to their scientific basis, methods of application, known effectiveness, feasibility, drawbacks, and costs. Areas for further research and development are also highlighted.   This book is comprised of 16 chapters organized into four sections. After an introduction to the theory of the problem and the restoration technique, the discussion turns to the various restoration methods such as those used for physical and chemical control of nutrients. Diversion and advanced waste treatment, hypolimnetic withdrawal, and dilution and flushing are considered along with phosphorus precipitation and inactivation, sediment oxidation, sediment removal, and hypolimnetic aeration. Case studies and success stories are presented and the costs and potential negative impacts of the methods are examined. The following chapters focus on methods to control plant biomass, including artificial circulation, water-level drawdown, harvesting, biological control, and surface and sediment covers. A chapter on liming acidified lakes concludes this text.  This monograph will be useful to professional limnologists and engineers, on-site lake or reservoir managers, and those who are interested in learning about the problems and management of lakes and reservoirs.

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G. Dennis Cooke, Eugene B. Welch, Spencer A. Peterson

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Annual Reports in Organic Synthesis1984 is a bibliography of papers on organic synthesis from primary chemistry journals. Topics covered range from carbon-carbon bond forming reactions to oxidations, reductions, synthesis of heterocycles, and synthetic preparations.  This book consists of seven chapters and begins with a list of papers on carbon-carbon bond forming reactions, including carbon-carbon single, double, and triple bonds. The chapters that follow focus on oxidations and reductions, methods of synthesizing heterocyclic systems, and the use of protecting groups. Synthetically useful transformations that do not fit easily into the first three chapters are considered next, with emphasis on functional group synthesis, ring expansion and contraction, and useful multistep transformations. The final chapter deals with miscellaneous reviews on topics ranging from cycloadditions to asymmetric catalysis, metalation, electrophilic substitutions, and pyrylium-mediated transformations of primary amino groups into other functional groups.  This monograph will be of value to organic chemists, both specialist and nonspecialist in synthesis.

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Annual Reports in Organic Synthesis1983 presents an annual review of synthetically useful information that would prove beneficial to nearly all organic chemists, both specialist and nonspecialist in synthesis. It should help relieve some of the information storage burden of the specialist and should aid the nonspecialist who is seeking help with a specific problem to become rapidly aware of recent synthetic advances. In producing this volume the editors abstracted 47 primary chemistry journals, selecting useful synthetic advances. All reactions and methods which are new, synthetically useful, and reasonably general are included. Each entry is comprised primarily of structures accompanied by very few comments. The purpose of this is to aid the reader in rapidly scanning the book.  Chapters I-III are organized by reaction type and constitute the major part of the book. Chapter IV deals with methods of synthesizing heterocyclic systems. Chapter V covers the use of new protecting groups. Chapter VI is divided into three main parts and covers those synthetically useful transformations that do not fit easily into the first three chapters. The first part deals only with functional group synthesis. The second part covers ring expansion and contraction, and the third part involves useful multistep sequences.

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Opportunities for Creativity, Innovation and New Activities

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Children in the Information Age: Opportunities for Creativity, Innovation and New Activities contains selected papers from the Second International Conference and Exhibition ""Children in the Information Age: Opportunities for Creativity, Innovation and New Activities,"" held in Sofia, Bulgaria, 19-23 May 1987. The contributions made by researchers at the conference covered topics such as the past, present, and future of school informatics in the USSR; the family computer boom and its implications for computer literacy; the new meanings of literacy related to new information and communication technologies; computer use in education; and literacy in the information age.  Other papers dealt with computer-based training in India; knowledge based systems for use in pedagogical contexts; informatics competitions in Germany; the information age; information and communication technology in the French educational system; and the role of information technology in education in Australia. The final two chapters present the recommendations that emerged from the conference as well as the recommendations of the Working Meeting of Editors of Journals and Magazines on Informatics in Education.