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Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Pharmacology

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Receptors and Cellular Pharmacology is a collection of the proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Pharmacology held in Helsinki, Finland, on July 20-25, 1975 and organized by the Finnish Pharmacological Society. The papers explore developments relating to receptors and cellular pharmacology and address a wide range of topics such as the hydrophobic properties of the neuromuscular blocking agents and the use of toxins as tools in receptor studies.  Comprised of 21 chapters, this volume begins with an introduction to histamine receptors, their pharmacological taxonomy and classification, their presence in the gastric mucosa, and their applications in medicine. The discussion then turns to pharmacological investigations on cells in culture; the acetylcholine receptor of intact and cultured chicken retina cells; actions of neurotoxins on the acetylcholine receptor; and the isolation and characterization of membrane receptors. Subsequent chapters deal with cyclic nucleotides as mediators of drug action, with particular reference to the mechanism of the relaxation-promoting effects of epinephrine on the mammalian heart.  This book should be of interest to pharmacologists, internists, psychiatrists, neurologists, and anesthesiologists.

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Annotated Bibliographies of Mineral Deposits in Africa, Asia (Exclusive of the USSR) and Australasia

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Annotated Bibliographies of Mineral Deposits in Africa, Asia (Exclusive of the USSR) and Australasia brings together annotated bibliographies of mineral deposits in Africa, Asia (with the exception of the USSR), and Australasia. Each bibliography is followed by notes to show the deposit's location; geological framework; age and type; structural and stratigraphic relations; conditions of formation; and position in the modified Lindgren classification.

Comprised of 25 chapters, this volume begins with an introduction to the more important sources of references in the bibliographies, set down in alphabetical order with the number of references provided by each source. The distribution of deposits by continent and country follows. The deposits include molybdenum, nickel, copper, lead, and tin. Eruptive rocks, the metamorphic cycle, and the mineralization process are addressed, along with liquid immiscibility between silicate magmas and sulfide melts; the geology, mineralogy, and petrology of ore deposits in various mines; and the significance of mineralized breccia pipes.

This book will be of value to mineralogists, geologists, and earth and mineral scientists as well as students interested in ore deposits.

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A Basic Compendium with Exercises for Use in Set Theory for Non Logicians, Working and Teaching Mathematicians and Students

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Sets: Naive, Axiomatic and Applied is a basic compendium on naive, axiomatic, and applied set theory and covers topics ranging from Boolean operations to union, intersection, and relative complement as well as the reflection principle, measurable cardinals, and models of set theory. Applications of the axiom of choice are also discussed, along with infinite games and the axiom of determinateness.  Comprised of three chapters, this volume begins with an overview of naive set theory and some important sets and notations. The equality of sets, subsets, and ordered pairs are considered, together with equivalence relations and real numbers. The next chapter is devoted to axiomatic set theory and discusses the axiom of regularity, induction and recursion, and ordinal and cardinal numbers. In the final chapter, applications of set theory are reviewed, paying particular attention to filters, Boolean algebra, and inductive definitions together with trees and the Borel hierarchy.  This book is intended for non-logicians, students, and working and teaching mathematicians.

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D. Van Dalen, H. C. Doets, H. De Swart, I. N. Sneddon

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International Conference on Infrared Physics (CIRP)

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Proceedings of a Conference Held in Zurich, 1115 August 1975

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International Conference on Infrared Physics (CIRP) is a collection of papers from the proceedings of a conference held in Zurich on August 11-15, 1975.   The book reviews the study of thermal radiation with emphasis on the spectral energy density of small blackbody cavities. The text also deals with the concept of density of states of quantum-size effects in statistical mechanics of finite non-interacting systems. One paper discusses the interaction of radiation with matter, while another presentation reviews the theory of cavity radiation based on multiple reflections within the cavity. The book then presents developments in infrared detectors, particularly the performance of photon and thermal detectors in the heterodyne mode. One paper examines the materials that can be used for making filters in the far infrared region using a Michelson interferometer to determine the region of spectra and a germanium bolometer as the detector. The book then cites an example where a high resolution Michelson interferometer is used on a NASA C141 infrared airborne telescope where scientists study the far infrared emission lines from the HII regions.   The collection will prove useful to nuclear physicists and scientists, academicians, and researchers whose works are concerned with infrared physics and engineering.

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Neuropharmacology is a collection of papers presented at a symposium of the XXVI International Congress of Physiological Sciences, held in New Delhi, India in 1974. Contributors focus on the neurochemical action of central analgesics and their biochemistry, particularly Viminol R2 and azidomorphine, based on evidence derived using neurohistochemical techniques.  This text is comprised of six chapters; the first of which deals with cholinergic mechanisms in narcotic analgesics. This topic is followed by a discussion on the research on the effects of drugs such as morphine on the central nervous system using amine fluorescence histochemistry; the effect of dextromoramide and methadone on dopamine metabolism in comparison with haloperidol and amphetamine; and the use of pharmacological models to predict opiate dependence. A chapter is devoted to a pharmacological study of the in vivo increase in the cyclic AMP content of rat striatum and nucleus accumbens due to the action of amphetamine, apomorphine, opiates, and antipsychotic drugs, along with the effect of this change on dopamine receptors.  This book will appeal to scientists representing all the major areas of pharmacology, including clinical pharmacology and toxicology, as well as to internists, psychiatrists, neurologists, and anesthesiologists.

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Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Series

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Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics, Second Edition is a five-chapter text that covers some basic thermodynamic concepts, including thermodynamic system equilibrium, thermodynamic properties, and thermodynamic application to special systems.  Chapter 1 introduces the concept of equilibrium, maximum work of thermodynamic systems, development of Gibbs and Helmholtz functions, thermodynamic system equilibrium, and conditions for stability and spontaneous change. Chapter 2 deals with the general thermodynamic relations for systems of constant chemical composition; the development of Maxwell relations; the derivatives of specific heats; coefficients of h, p, T, Clausius-Clapeyron equations; the Joule-Thomson effect; and application of van der Waals gas-inversion curves to liquefaction system. Chapters 3 and 4 describe the thermodynamics of ideal gases, ideal gas mixtures, and gas mixtures with variable composition. These chapters also discuss processes involving dissociation-Lighthill ideal dissociating gas, extension to ionization and real gas effects, and characteristics of "frozen" and equilibrium flows. Chapter 5 surveys the thermodynamics of elastic systems, surface tension, magnetic systems, reversible electrical cell, and fuel cell. This chapter also provides an introduction to irreversible thermodynamics, Onsager reciprocal relation, and the concept of thermoelectricity.   This book will prove useful to undergraduate mechanical engineering students and other engineering students taking courses in thermodynamics and fluid mechanics.

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Principles of Field Ionization and Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry

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International Series in Analytical Chemistry

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Principles of Field Ionization and Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry delves deeper into field ionization and field desorption.  The book covers the five main subareas of field ionization and field desorption mass spectrometry that has grown in importance. Coverage includes the theory of field ionization and field desorption; field ionization and field desorption techniques and sources; high field surface chemistry; kinetics and mechanisms of decompostion of field ions in the gas phase; and qualitative and mixture analysis with field ionization and field desorption mass spectrometry.  The text is recommended for students, experts, and researchers in chemistry, especially those who wish to learn more or have an in-depth study about field ionization and field desorption, its principles, and its applications in chemistry.

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The More Developed Realm: A Geography of its Population is concerned with the population geography of the more developed economically advanced countries in the world. This book is organized into five parts encompassing 10 chapters that cover Europe, the Soviet Union, Anglo-America, Japan, and southern hemisphere countries.  After a brief overview of the classification of large scale diversity in the more developed realm, this book goes on describing the relationship between population, culture, and environment. The first part deals with the extent of influence of the three components of population change, namely, mortality, birth, and migration, in the demographic change or population patterns in East-Central and Mediterranean Europe. The second part examines the population growth and spatial redistribution over the vast domain of the USSR, as well as its population characteristics, including nationalities, education, occupation, and rural-urban composition. The remaining three parts explore the development of the spatial arrangement of population, areal population distribution, and population and migration patterns in Anglo-American countries, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand.  This book is intended for a wide non-professional audience, including college undergraduates and the general reading public.

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Chemical Transmission of Nerve Impulses: A Historical Sketch is a translation of the French edition ""Les Transmissions chimiques de l'influx nerveux"" published by Gauthier-Villars in Paris.  Organized into 12 chapters, this book begins with a discussion on the definition and importance of the phenomenon of chemical transmission, with chapters specifically devoted to both cholinergic and adrenergic ones. This text then elucidates the general organization of the nervous system in vertebrates. The opposition to the theory of chemical transmission and the state of comparative physiology with regard to chemical transmission are also explained.

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Hidden Factors in Technological Change examines the educational implications of living in an advanced technological society and suggests ways in which teaching programs and learning situations in schools might be appropriately reoriented. Trends in technological innovation and design are discussed, along with their likely social, aesthetic, environmental, economic, moral, and political consequences.   This book is comprised of 20 chapters and begins with an assessment of the wider implications of technological innovation from a variety of different viewpoints, with emphasis on television. More specifically, the social, economic, aesthetic, scientific, moral, and political implications of technology are considered. The next section focuses on various aspects of living with technology, including the use of resources, the quality of life in cities, and transport and communication. The consequences of technology for education, especially the school curriculum, are also discussed. Other chapters explore ways in which schools might begin to develop in their pupils critical, informed, and constructive attitudes to the many opportunities and problems associated with technological change, and thereby help to make technology more accountable to society and more responsive to the wishes of ordinary people.  This monograph will be of interest to educators and school administrators, education officials, and science and technology policymakers.

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Edward Semper, Philip Coggin, Harry Armytage

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Anti-Chance: A Reply to Monod's Chance and Necessity is a critique of Jacques Monod's essay on the natural philosophy of modern biology. It explores the concepts of chance and necessity, central themes of Monod's work, and specifically whether life is the result of coincidence of diverse independent chains of causality or, on the contrary, whether it obeys the more fundamental concept of chance as proposed by the Danish School of physicists. Questions such as the chance or the inevitability of it all, the sites and sizes of the knowledge gaps and as to whether they will be filled with physics and chemistry on the one hand or seasoned with metaphysics on the other, are examined.  This book is comprised of 10 chapters and begins with reflections on biology and the argument that biology can only enrich itself by abandoning a teleological or finalist mode of thought. The discussion then turns to probabilities of chance, with emphasis on three different mechanisms of the intervention of chance. Subsequent chapters focus on the link between thermodynamics and biological order; the basis for a theoretical biology and 14 propositions to which the fundamental attributes of cells can be reduced; the molecular basis of instinct; and the relationship between speech and consciousness. The applicability of cybernetics to biological systems and their component metabolic cycles is also considered, along with the structure of chance.   This monograph will be of interest to scientists in fields ranging from biology and natural philosophy to physics, chemistry, and physiology.

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Recommended Reference Materials for Realization of Physicochemical Properties

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Recommended Reference Materials for Realization of Physicochemical Properties deals with recommended reference materials for realization of physicochemical properties, including water, mercury, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, cyclohexane, and trans-bicyclo[4,4,0]decane for density measurement. Nomenclature and units are given, and the methods of measurement are described.  This book first presents the nomenclature and units used in the determination of densities of liquids and solids, followed by a general description of the apparatus and the methods used in the measurement of density, with particular reference to the pycnometric, hydrostatic weighing, magnetic float, and temperature flotation methods. The use of water as a density reference material is then explained, focusing on the isotopic composition of Standard Mean Ocean Water (SMOW) and the absolute density of SMOW as a function of temperature. Problems due to the effect of pressure and dissolved gases on the density of water are also considered. Finally, the use of mercury, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, cyclohexane, and trans-bicyclo[4,4,0]decane as reference materials in density measurement is discussed.  This monograph will be a useful resource for physical chemists and chemistry students.

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Papers Presented at a Meeting of the U.S. Speciality Group on Infrared Detectors

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Infrared Detectors is a collection of papers presented at a meeting of the U.S. Speciality Group on Infrared Detectors and deals with a variety of topics related to infrared detectors, such as PbSnTe diodes and detectors, charge coupled devices (CCD), photodiodes, and HgCdTe photoconductive detectors.  This text has 11 chapters; the first of which investigates the effects of ionizing radiation on CCDs in order to assess their signal processing advantages in a high natural (Van Allen belt) or artificially induced radiation environment. Attention then turns to defects suffered by n-type HgCdTe due to electron irradiation; thermal recovery processes in HgCdTe and PbSnTe photovoltaic detectors; and thermal limitations in PbSnTe detectors. The following papers present experiments that examine the performance of PbSnTe diodes at moderately reduced backgrounds; preparation of vapor grown lead-tin telluride for 814 micrometer photodiodes; and detectivity limits for diffused junction PbSnTe detectors. The optical immersion of HgCdTe photoconductive detectors and far infrared atmospheric transmission measurements conducted in North-Norway are also addressed.  This book will be of interest to researchers and students who want to have a better understanding of how infrared detectors work.

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Reflections on Biochemistry: In Honour of Severo Ochoa offers reflections on a wide range of topics relating to biochemistry, including energy metabolism, lipids and saccharides, regulation, nucleic acids and the genetic code, protein biosynthesis, and cell biology. The essays celebrate Severo Ochoa's outstanding contributions to biochemistry spanning nearly half a century.  This book is comprised of 47 chapters and begins with a biography of Ochoa and his scientific work in the field of biochemistry, particularly his research on intermediary metabolism, RNA synthesis, and the genetic code. The discussion then turns to energy metabolism, photosynthesis, and fermentation, touching on topics such as the role of lactic acid in the development of biochemistry and the biosynthesis of cell components from acetate. The next section is devoted to lipids, saccharides, and cell walls and includes chapters that deal with biotin, sulfur biochemistry, and dipicolinic acid. Subsequent chapters explore hormonal regulation of adipose tissue lipolysis; the structural relationship between genes and enzymes; bacteriophages, colicins, and ribosomes; and cell biology and neurobiology.  This monograph will be of interest to biochemists and students of biochemistry.

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A. Kornberg, B. L. Horecker, L. Cornudella

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Plenary and Sectional Lectures Presented at the International Symposium on Macromolecules (the Third Aharon Katzir-Katchalsky Conference)

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Macromolecular Chemistry  11 is a collection of lectures presented at the International Symposium on Macromolecules (The Third Aharon Katzir-Katchalsky Conference) held in Jerusalem, Israel, on July 13-18, 1975. The papers explore a wide range of topics related to macromolecular chemistry, including polyelectrolytes, biologically active synthetic polymers, and spans of polymer chains. The use of polymers as chemical reagents is also considered.  This book is comprised of 19 chapters and begins with an introduction to the close relation between polyelectrolytes and hydrophilic colloids. A survey of polyelectrolyte knowledge that has accumulated since about 1940 is also presented. The discussion then turns to biologically active synthetic polymers; polymers and other composites; theories of the condensed polymer state; polymer adsorption inferred from electrical double layer measurements; and mobility and conductivity of ions in and into polymeric solids. The structure and viscoelastic properties of ion-containing polymers in the solid state are also examined, along with the use of graphite insertion compounds as chemical reagents in organic chemistry. The results of research on chemical modification of cellulose are also presented.  This monograph will be of interest to chemists.

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Pharmacology of Central Synapses deals with the pharmacology of the central nervous system and the mode of action of neurotropic drugs based on their influence on synaptic transmission. The neuronal structure of the nervous system, the structure of the synapses, and the phenomena of electrochemical transmission are discussed in this context. The main propositions of the synaptic theory of the action of neurotropic drugs, based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical findings, form the conceptual basis of this book.  Comprised of eight chapters, this book examines the effect of neurotropic drugs on the synaptic transmission in reflex, projection, and association (commissural) tracts. The specific effects of various narcotics, neuroleptics, tranquillizers, analgesics, antidepressants, and stimulants on synaptic transmission in various structures of the central nervous system and at its different levels are described. This text also considers the differences in the sensitivity to such drugs of various synapses and their influence on the selectivity of drug action. This book explains the influence of neurotropic drugs on such aspects of nervous activity as impulse summation, after-discharge and functional lability, central inhibition, and the neurochemical mechanisms, particularly those involving monoaminergic, cholinergic, serotoninergic, and GABA-ergic components of synaptic transmission. The final chapter focuses on the effect of psychotropic drugs on behavior.  This book will be helpful to scientists representing all the major areas of pharmacology, including clinical pharmacology and toxicology, as well as to internists, psychiatrists, neurologists, and anesthesiologists.

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Proceedings of the Second International Banff Conference on Man and His Environment. Held in Banff, Canada, May 1922, 1974

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Man and His Environment, Volume 2 covers the proceedings of the Second International Banff Conference of Man and His Environment, held in Banff Springs Hotel, Alberta, Canada on May 19-22, 1974. The conference addresses the broad environmental issues in relation to man and his natural environment.  This book is organized into six sessions encompassing 17 chapters. The first session deals with the continuing development of the Canadian mineral resources and the role of the National Energy Board in the country's energy management. This session also provides an overview of the world hydrocarbon energy resources. The second session discusses various problems in overpopulated and industrially and technologically underdeveloped countries and developments in the environmental restraints on production practices to protect the environment. The subsequent two sessions look into the effects of human activities on his environment. Topics covered in these sessions include the use and misuse of technology; social, economic, and political impact of urbanization; and government environmental policies. The concluding sessions outline the ethical structure of Western Society and the development of a theoretical model of public morality. These topics are followed by discussions on the essential nature of the environmental problems and the systematic relations between the Western culture and Western environment.

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International Series in Natural Philosophy

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Gravitation and Relativity generalizes Isaac Newtons theory of gravitation using the elementary tools of Albert Einsteins special relativity. Topics covered include gravitational waves, martian electrodynamics, relativistic gravitational fields and gravitational forces, the distortion of reference frames, and the precession of the perihelion of Mercury. Black holes and the geometry of spacetime also receive consideration.  This book is comprised of 10 chapters; the first of which briefly reviews special relativity, with the emphasis on the Lorentz covariance of the equations of physics. This topic is then followed by a short discussion on accelerations in the framework of special relativity. Two problems related to the gravitational deflection of light and how to detect a gravitational acceleration by observations within a freely falling laboratory are discussed in this book. The chapters that follow focus on the Eotvos-Dicke experiments that established the identity of inertial and gravitational mass; the equations of electrodynamics and electrostatics; force laws and equations of motion; and the precession of the perihelion of Mercury. The reader is also introduced to the nature of gravitational radiation; its generation and detection; and the relation between the metric tensor and gravitational potentials. The book concludes with a chapter on black holes and how they may manifest themselves to the astronomer.   This monograph will appeal not only to professional physicists but also to undergraduates in physics who want to know a great deal about gravitation and relativity.

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Hybrid Microcircuit Reliability Data provides test and operational data on the hybrid device in both highly summarized and detailed format. Organized into five sections, this book begins with a comparison of hybrid device users' experienced failure rate with predicted failure rate. Subsequent chapters focus on the screening summary for the hybrid devices, as well as the failure classifications involved. A tabulated test data on the device is also shown. This book will provide helpful data for government and industrial use.

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Decision-Making for Schools and Colleges

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Decision-Making for Schools and Colleges contains activities and exercises designed to present decision-making principles to pupils and college students and guide them in their life choices. This book is divided into 16 units that cover the principles, limitations, and objectives of various decision-making programs.  The opening units of this book provide the participants of the decision-making program the means to discriminate between important and unimportant decisions and a glimpse of decision-making in a wider than vocational frame. These topics are followed by the interrelationship between the aims, interests, and value of the program. The subsequent units present certain aspects of information and decision theories and their applications to the construction of Expectancy Tables. These units also provide simulated experiences that may, or may not, be directly applicable to participants eventual job choices. This book also deals with the value of consistent yardsticks for testing information of the written kind and checklist instruments of this kind in vocational and personal decision-making. Other units present the methods of judging a range of alternative courses of action based on their relation to the values and interests of the person who has to take a decision between them. Another unit focuses on various stages of contingency planning, together with their interconnections and the limits of the strategy. Some important and negligible consequences of decisions are tackled based on experiments, personal histories, and structured discussions. The concluding units deal with the structure of a considered decision in terms of the aim, information, and decision.