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The Characteristics of Mechanical Engineering Systems

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Pergamon International Library of Science, Technology, Engineering and Social Studies

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The Characteristics of Mechanical Engineering Systems focuses on the characteristics that must be considered when designing a mechanical engineering system. Mechanical systems are presented on the basis of component input-output relationships, paying particular attention to  lumped-parameter problems and the interrelationships between lumped components or ""black-boxes"" in an engineering system. Electric motors and generators are treated in an elementary manner, and the principles involved are explained as far as possible from physical and qualitative reasoning.   This book is comprised of five chapters and begins with an introduction to the engineering system and how it works, citing a number of examples such as internal combustion engines, electric generators, and power converters in series. The discussion then turns to power conversion, with emphasis on general forms of converter output characteristic, demand characteristic, and efficiency characteristic. Power transmission is also considered, along with dynamic performance and energy storage. The final chapter examines the linear dynamics of mechanical systems and covers topics such as small excursion dynamics, integral control, and sinusoidal disturbance. Examples of control systems are given.  This monograph should be of interest to mechanical engineers.

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Photochemical Processes in Polymer Chemistry - 2

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Invited Lectures Presented at the Second IUPAC Symposium on Photochemical Processes in Polymer Chemistry, Leuven, Belgium, 2 - 4 June, 1976

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Photochemical Processes in Polymer Chemistry-2 contains invited lectures presented at the Second IUPAC Symposium on Photochemical Processes in Polymer Chemistry held at Leuven, Belgium on June 2-4, 1976.  This book contains 11 papers separated as chapters. Topics include energy transfer processes; photoinitiation of polymerization; solid-state polymerization mechanisms; photoinduced ionic polymerizations; and photoconductive polymers. This text also discusses energy transfer phenomena in high polymer systems; laser spectroscopical methods for the study of primary processes during the photodegradation; photooxidation of high polymers; and reaction selectivity and molecular association in photochemical reactions of nucleic acids and their constituents. New developments in photochromic polymers and related phenomena, as well as the design of photoreactive polymer systems for imaging processes are also explained.

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Experimental Methods for Social Policy Research

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Pergamon International Library of Science, Technology, Engineering and Social Studies

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Experimental Methods for Social Policy Research explains how experimental methods can be used in social policy research to help solve contemporary human problems and to preserve and improve the world's physical and social climates. This book argues that scientists can make a major contribution to the solution of social problems by aiding the society in incorporating scientific methods into the social decision-making process. Two principal methods required for solving social problems are highlighted: methods for evaluating social models aimed at solving particular problems, and methods for disseminating those models that are beneficial to the state, the region, and the nation.  This book is comprised of 14 chapters and begins with the argument that contemporary social policy decision making is inadequate for the late 20th and 21st centuries. It then defines the basic ingredients for an adequate social policy decision-making apparatus and explains how it can be accomplished. The next chapter outlines the basic parameters of social models and dissemination processes from a conceptual point of view. The remaining chapters describe general experimental procedures from the inception of the ideas to the implementation of social models found to be beneficial. The final chapter is reserved for a discussion of a proposed center for experimental social innovation that would provide research and training.  This monograph will be a valuable resource for social scientists and researchers as well as social policymakers, public officials, and citizens who are committed to the improvement of living conditions for all members of society.

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George W. Fairweather, Louis G. Tornatzky, Arnold P. Goldstein, Leonard Krasner

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International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

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International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry: Nomenclature, Symbols, Units and their Usage in Spectrochemical AnalysisIII: Analytical Flame Spectroscopy and Associated Non-Flame Procedures covers the analytical application of flame spectroscopy and related procedures, which is not encompassed in the first two parts of the series. Parts I and II of the series deal with general recommendations.   Section 1 of this document presents a classification of the methods and instruments used in the different branches of analytical flame spectroscopy. Section 2 lists terms and symbols for common quantities and constants in analytical spectroscopy.  The subsequent section discusses the terms, symbols, and units for the description of the analytical flame spectrometer and similar devices.  Section 4 explains the general terms and symbols relating to the methods of flame spectroscopy.  The final section deals with the terms, symbols and units relating to optical radiation.   This document is valuable to practical analysts who are looking for well-defined terminologies and consistent set of symbols in the field of analytical flame spectroscopy.

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People: An International Choice: The Multilateral Approach to Population focuses on the United Nations Fund for Population Activities' (UNFPA) international population policy, with emphasis on its multilateral approach to the world population problem. It examines how the UNFPA has tied its population programs with general social and economic progress. The methods that were used in building up the Fund to serve as an honest broker between the developed and the developing countries, as well as its successes and failures in responding to requests for aid, are discussed.  This book is comprised of 10 chapters and begins with an overview of the UNFPA and its principles with respect to population problems. UNFPA has three quite different constituencies within the United Nations system whose support it needs to remain viable and to develop effective programs: the donors (primarily in the developed world), the recipients (primarily in the developing world), and the organizations carrying out UNFPA-financed programs. Subsequent chapters consider the UNFPA's early population programs and the steps it has taken to address the growing population worldwide, including staff recruitment and fundraising.  This monograph should be of interest to those concerned with public sector management, development assistance, and population programs, or with improving international relations.

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Low Molecular Weight Sulphur Containing Natural Products

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Plenary Lectures Presented at the International Symposium on Low Molecular Weight Sulphur Containing Natural Products, Jablonna, Warsaw, 12-16 July 1976

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Low Molecular Weight Sulphur Containing Natural Products contains plenary lectures presented at the International Symposium on Low Molecular Weight Sulphur Containing Natural Products held at Jablonna, Warsaw on July 12-16, 1976.  This book contains six papers separated as chapters. Topics include low molecular weight sulfur-containing compounds in nature; oxidation of some biologically active and related sulfur containing compounds; and the a-mercapto-a-amino acids and dehydro amino acids. This text also explores properties of sulfur containing nuphar alkaloids; new aspects of the chemistry of biotin and of some analogs; and the glucosinolates.

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Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Pharmacology

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CNS and Behavioural Pharmacology is the third volume of the proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Pharmacology, organized by the Finnish Pharmacological Society and held in Helsinki, Finland, on July 20-25, 1975. Contributors focus on the findings concerning the central nervous system (CNS) and on the developments in behavioral pharmacology and related areas of research.  This volume has 33 chapters divided into five sections. After discussing the application of psychopharmacology to the conservation of wild animals such as ungulates, this book turns its attention to alcohol dependence and the interactions between neurotransmitters and the hypothalamic releasing hormones. The reader is methodically introduced to the pharmacology of emotive behavior, with emphasis on drug effects in mental and emotional disorders as well as the action of psychotropic drugs on emotions, motivations, and social behavior of animals. The final section is devoted to the pharmacological aspects of the cerebrospinal fluid-transport system. This section covers topics such as the metabolism of biogenic amines in the human CNS; the importance of dopamine metabolism for the clinical effects and side effects of neuroleptics; and composite transport systems for organic acids and bases in choroid plexus.  This book will be of interest to scientists representing all the major areas of pharmacology, including clinical pharmacology and toxicology, as well as to internists, psychiatrists, neurologists, and anesthesiologists.

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Modified Polymers, Their Preparation and Properties

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Main Lectures Presented at the Fourth Bratislava Conference on Polymers, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, 1-4 July 1975

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Modified Polymers, Their Preparation and Properties brings together the main lectures presented at the Fourth Bratislava Conference on Polymers held in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, on July 1-4, 1975. Contributors explore the properties of modified polymers and their preparation, covering topics ranging from radiation crosslinking of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate to chemical modification of polymers and the influence of chemical structure on the properties of polymers.  This book is comprised of eight chapters and begins with a discussion on crosslinking of PVC in the presence of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, studied by microcalorimetry, electron spin resonance, and structure investigation. The next chapter examines some characteristic features of chemical transformations of polymers on three examples: reactions of various organo-lithium bases onto the ester carbonyls of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA); reaction of phenyl-lithium onto the carbonyl groups of PMMA; and chemical modification of polyvinylalcohol by metallation and subsequent reactions of alkylhalides or of propane sulfone. Subsequent chapters focus on how chemical structure affects polymer properties; alternating copolymer graft copolymers; acrylonitrile block and graft copolymers; and problems of polymer modification and the reactivity of functional groups of macromolecules. The final chapter is devoted to the separation and characterization of block and graft copolymers by thin-layer chromatography.  This monograph will be a valuable source of information for chemists.

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Main Lectures Presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Carotenoids, Berne, Switzerland, 25-29 August 1975

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Carotenoids  4 brings together the main lectures presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Carotenoids held in Berne, Switzerland, on August 25-29, 1975. The papers explore a wide range of topics relating to carotenoids, including their carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, stereochemistry, and biosynthesis. Carotenoid-protein complexes, carotenoid glycosides, xanthoxin and abscisic acid, and photoregulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants are also discussed.  This book is comprised of 13 chapters and begins with an analysis of the carbon-13 NMR spectra of derivatives of beta-carotene, such as zeaxanthin, isozeaxanthin, violaxanthin, and alloxanthin. The reader is then introduced to carotenoid-protein complexes, with emphasis on the distinction between carotenoid-lipoglycoprotein complexes and astaxanthin-proteins in which the absorption band of the carotenoid is unaltered in shape. Subsequent chapters deal with carotenoid glycosides; the structures, chemical reactions, and stereochemistry of naturally occurring carotenoids; synthesis of carotenoids and related polyenes; and the apocarotenoid system of sex hormones and prohormones in Mucoraceous fungi. The early steps in and later reactions of carotenoid biosynthesis are also examined. The last chapter is devoted to the photoregulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants.  This monograph will be a valuable source of information for chemists.

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Analytical Chemistry Division Commission on Electroanalytical Chemistry

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Classification and Nomenclature of Electroanalytical Techniques contains the revised and updated recommendations on electroanalytical classification and nomenclature. This report follows the general lines of its predecessor, but deviates from it in a number of details.  The electroanalytical techniques are classified according to the techniques in which neither the electrical double layer nor any electrode reaction need be considered; techniques that involve double-layer phenomena but in which any electrode reactions need not be considered; and techniques involving electrode reactions.

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Central Actions of Angiotensin and Related Hormones

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Central Actions of Angiotensin and Related Hormones investigates the centrally mediated actions of angiotensin and related hormones in the central nervous system (CNS). Topics covered include angiotensin I converting enzyme activity in the choroid plexus and in the retina; peptide regulation of neuronal excitability; effects of angiotensin-II and angiotensin-III on catecholamine biosynthesis; and humoral kidney mediation of adrenal catecholamine response to hemorrhage. A systems analysis of CNS-angiotensin interaction is also presented.  This book is comprised of 51 chapters and opens with a discussion on the results of initial studies undertaken at the University of Pittsburgh to probe the centrally mediated hypertensive response of angiotensin II. The following chapters explore angiotensin receptor sites and angiotensin antagonists, along with the mechanisms involved in changes of blood pressure elicited by hypothalamic stimulation. The effects of angiotensin-II and angiotensin-III on the biosynthesis of catecholamines are also analyzed. The last chapter looks at recommendations regarding the nomenclature of the renin-angiotensin system, especially with respect to the extrarenal tissue enzymes.  This monograph will be a valuable source of information for biochemists, biologists, physiologists, and pharmacologists.

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Joseph P. Buckley, Carlos M. Ferrario, Mustafa F. Lokhandwala

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Proceedings of the Third Topical Conference Held at Ukaea Culham Laboratory, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, U.K., 9-12 September 1975

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Pulsed High Beta Plasmas contains the proceedings of the Third Topical Conference on High Beta Plasmas held in Oxfordshire, UK, on September 9-12, 1975. The papers explore various aspects of pulsed high beta plasmas and cover topics such as reversed field pinches; mass flow stabilization of plasma confined by helical magnetic fields; cross-field instabilities in theta-pinch plasmas; and soft X-ray emitting plasma structures during the main neutron emission of plasma foci. Experimental observations of the self-reversal of a toroidal magnetic field in pinches are also presented.  This book is comprised of 98 chapters and begins with a discussion on experimental results concerning a high beta stellarator, followed by a review of toroidal theta-pinch theory. The reader is then introduced to relaxation of toroidal discharges; equilibrium and stability of a diffuse high-beta Tokamak; spectroscopic studies of high beta plasma; and pulsed radiation from focused plasmas. Subsequent chapters explore the compression and kink instabilities of reversed field pinches; self-inductance changes in a plasma focus; interactions of high-energy plasma clusters with a longitudinal magnetic field; and electromagnetic implosion of large-diameter liners. The linear theta pinch as a 14-neutron source is also described.  This monograph will be a valuable source of information for physicists.

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Proceedings of the Symposium and Extraretinal Photoreception in Circadian Rhythms and Related Phenomena

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Quantum Mechanics, Third Edition: Non-relativistic Theory is devoted to non-relativistic quantum mechanics. The theory of the addition of angular momenta, collision theory, and the theory of symmetry are examined, together with spin, nuclear structure, motion in a magnetic field, and diatomic and polyatomic molecules.  This book is comprised of 18 chapters and begins with an introduction to the basic concepts of quantum mechanics, with emphasis on the uncertainty principle, the principle of superposition, and operators, as well as the continuous spectrum and the wave function. The following chapters explore energy and momentum; Schrodinger's equation; angular momentum; and motion in a centrally symmetric field and in a magnetic field. Perturbation theory, spin, and the properties of quasi-classical systems are also considered. The remaining chapters deal with the identity of particles, atoms, and diatomic and polyatomic molecules. The final two chapters describe elastic and inelastic collisions.  This monograph will be a valuable source of information for physicists.

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Spatial Dimensions of Public Policy deals with the spatial dimensions of public policy with particular reference to resource management, urban development, regional development, and poverty alleviation. Emphasis is on the geographer's actual and potential contributions to public policy.

Comprised of 15 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to the nature of geographers' contributions to public policy and the reasons why they have not been as effective as the relationships between their interests and important issues of public policy might suggest. The next chapter describes how policy decisions are made in Canada and reviews the nature of disciplinary contributions to governmental decision-making at the highest level. Subsequent chapters focus on regional policy and broad issues of world strategy; specific contributions to public policy, particularly in the United Kingdom; spatial aspects of pollution policy; and policies outside the United Kingdom. Energy policy in Western Europe is discussed, together with a geographer's contribution to addressing environmental problems in New Zealand; the difficulties of achieving an accurate population census of Nigeria; and the reshaping of the legislative and congressional districts of the State of Washington.

This monograph will be of interest to geographers and public policymakers.

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Foundations of Lifelong Education deals with the interdisciplinary foundations of lifelong education and examines a number of basic issues concerning lifelong education, such as why education should be treated as a lifelong process, or how the functions of lifelong education are related to historical and contemporary developments in society. The goals, contents, and processes of learning appropriate to the aspirations of lifelong education are also explored, as well as the extent to which lifelong education is feasible and practicable in different socio-economic and ideological conditions.  Comprised of eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of methodological considerations in the present study, such as the nature of the foundations content; general steps that may be followed for constructing discipline-based foundations; and the ways of incorporating several elements of interdisciplinarity into the study. The reader is then introduced to the sociological and philosophical aspects of lifelong education, along with the historical background on the concept of lifelong education. In addition to sociology and philosophy, lifelong education in relation to anthropology, ecology, psychology, and economics is also analyzed. The book concludes by presenting illustrative analyses and syntheses of the ideas discussed in the preceding chapters based on selected disciplines.   This monograph is intended for educators, social reformers, and educational policymakers.

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Proceedings of the USERC Environment, Resources and Urban Development Workshop

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Urban Alternatives contains the proceedings of the USERC Environmental Resources and Urban Development Workshop held at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Maryland in November 1975. The workshop aims to obtain information on the technical implications of various possible urban development decisions.   This book details the descriptions of the workshop and the process used to arrive at the recommendations. The workshops are organized into topics of urban development, energy, communications, meteorology, water resources, public health, in-situ sensing, remote sensing, socio-economic problems, and science technology and government.

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An Operational Research Approach to the Processes of Public Planning

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Local Government and Strategic Choice, Second Edition discusses decision-making in local government, in particular, to those more strategic levels of choice which tend to be linked with the terms 'planning' and 'policy-making.'  This book is organized into four parts. Part I centers on an appraisal of planning in a major local authority. Part II details the nature of the planning process in any governmental setting and the characteristic types of operational and organizational problem to which it gives rise. Parts III and IV use the medium of case examples to suggest how the planning process can be made more effective, first through the development of an appropriate technology of choice, and secondly through the adaptation of organizational forms to allow the technology to become a workable instrument of democratic control.

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The Politics of African and Middle Eastern States

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The Politics of African and Middle Eastern States: An Annotated Bibliography is a record of books written about the politics, history, and the lives of the leaders of Africa and the Middle East.  The book is divided per chapter according to the geographical area being discussed. Each chapter contains a list of books that fall under the following categories: Political History; Political Systems and Government; Biographies, Memoirs, Speeches, and Writings; and External Relations. Chapters I to VII cover different regions of Africa, while Chapters VIII to XI cover the Middle East.  The text is a recommended for historians and political scientists, especially those interested in the areas mentioned in the book. The selection also serves a guide to those who plan to have further readings or make a paper about the political history, government, and development of the areas mentioned .