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Proceedings of the Open Meeting of the Working Group on Space Biology of the Sixteenth Plenary Meeting of COSPAR

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Life Sciences and Space Research, Volume XII documents the proceedings of the Life Sciences sessions of the 16th Plenary Meeting of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) held in Konstanz in May and June 1973.  This compilation includes several studies on the biological effects of radiation produced by particles of very high energy, including the kind of cellular damage these particles cause and the technique for recording particle tracks in relation to biological objects. The effects of weightlessness upon developmental processes in biology and the interaction between weightlessness and other effects of space flight are also deliberated. This book likewise provides a brief discussion on the field of planetary quarantine, implying that all the planets should be protected from unwise contamination.  This publication is valuable to students and researchers conducting work on exobiology, radiation biology, gravitational biology, or planetary quarantine.

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Pergamon Mechanics Today Series, Volume 4

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Mechanics Today, Volume 4 focuses on solid mechanics and applied mathematics.  This book is divided into six chapters. Chapter I provides a general description of the basic features and relevant concepts of mixed boundary-value problems in mechanics. The problem of crack extension in a solid under arbitrary loads is discussed in Chapter II, emphasizing the crack growth that leads from a planar to a nonplanar configuration. The third chapter reviews various methods of solving the scattering of elastic waves by inclusions. The interactions of electromagnetic field with deformable bodies in motion are elaborated in Chapter IV, while problems involving solids carrying high electric currents or being placed in high magnetic fields are deliberated in Chapter V. The last chapter concentrates on the implications of the second law of thermodynamics, and consequences of thermodynamic material stability and its corresponding restrictions on the evolutionary equations for internal variables.  This publication is useful to specialists, but is also beneficial to non-experts with sufficient background in applied mechanics.

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Curriculum Evaluation for Lifelong Education

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Developing Criteria and Procedures for the Evaluation of School Curricula in the Perspective of Lifelong Education: A Multinational Study

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Curriculum Evaluation for Lifelong Education describes the procedures, results, and implications of a two-year effort by research teams from Japan, Romania, and Sweden to develop and utilize a set of criteria for evaluating school curricula.  The research summarized in this book is a step toward the concretization of the principles of lifelong education, which seeks to isolate the salient characteristics of a curriculum that incorporates the principles of lifelong education and to describe several procedures for applying the resulting criteria to written and operational curricula. This compilation draws heavily on the work of the cooperating teams who, after an initial joint planning conference, developed their own versions of the lifelong education criteria and in various ways applied those criteria to their own national curricula.  This book is a good reference for school and institute administrators aiming to acquire knowledge on the principles of lifelong education.

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Plenary Lectures Presented at the International Mass Spectrometry Symposium on Natural Products, Rehovot, Israel, 28 August - 2 September 1977

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Mass Spectrometry of Natural Products covers the plenary lectures presented at the International Mass Spectrometry Symposium on Natural Products, held in Rehovot, Israel from August 28 to September 2, 1977. The book focuses on the sequencing, spectroscopy, chromatography, and spectrometry of natural products.  The selection first discusses mass spectrometric sequencing of peptides and proteins and mass spectroscopic investigation of nucleic acid degradation products. The book then examines advances in the mass spectrometry of steroids, including sterols with unsaturated side chains and ring D fragmentation of saturated sterols and steranes.  The text evaluates the mass spectrometry and language of biological fluids. Topics include separation by glass capillary chromatography and structure of determination of unknown compounds. The book also focuses on structural and sequencing studies on peptides, proteins, and glycopeptide by mass spectrometry and directed fragmentation in mass spectrometry by the introduction of functional groups.  The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in mass spectrometry of natural products.

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The Evaluation of Toxicological Data for the Protection of Public Health

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Proceedings of the International Colloquium, Luxembourg, December 1976

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The Evaluation of Toxicological Data for the Protection of Public Health: Proceedings of the International Colloquium, Luxembourg, December 1976 focuses on the review of toxicological tests and methods used in toxicological evaluation of chemicals and reconsideration of these procedures in identifying decision-making processes involved in the protection of public health.  The selection first discusses reviews of toxicological tests, including introductory remarks and comments on acute toxicity; problems associated with the testing of environmental mutagens; and the testing of carcinogenic potentials. The publication also examines the uncertainties related to the evaluation of the health hazards of environmental chemicals from toxicological data and epidemiological monitoring of indices of chemical hazards.   The book takes a look at safety factors and their application in toxicological evaluation; ecotoxicological approaches for the protection of environment and health; and use of biological materials as environmental pollution gauges. The text also discusses acute toxicity, teratogenic effects of pollutants, and examples of ecotoxicological research.   The selection is a dependable source of data for readers interested in the evaluation of toxicological data relative to the protection of public health.

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Track/Train Dynamics and Design: Advanced Techniques reviews the progress that has been made in the development and applications of advanced analytical techniques for improving the dynamic stability, safety, and reliability of current generation rail freight vehicle components and track structures. Topics covered range from structural mechanics and stress analysis methods to and material science techniques for the prediction of fracture and wear in railroad applications. The nature of technology transfer from other application areas, notably aerospace, is considered, along with the unique nature of some railroad problems.  This book is comprised of 26 chapters and opens with an overview of Phase II of the Cooperative Track-Train Dynamics Program, including its main goals, tasks, and progress. The reader is then introduced to the state Of the art of rail analytical techniques and cost/benefit issues associated with railways and railroad transportation. The following chapters explore body centerplate fatigue cracking; mathematical models for track/train dynamics; wheel and rail wear during freight car curving; and application of advanced stress analysis techniques in the design of freight car components. The application of finite element analysis to the study of railroad wheel failure phenomena is also outlined.  This monograph will be a useful resource for transportation and mechanical engineers, especially those dealing with railroads.

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Gerald J. Moyar, Walter D. Pilkey, Barbara F. Pilkey

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Advances in Research on The Strength and Fracture of Materials

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Advances in Research on the Strength and Fracture of Materials: Volume 3BsApplications and Non-Metals contains the proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Fracture, held at the University of Waterloo, Canada, in June 1977. The papers review the state of the art with respect to testing of fracture in a wide range of non-metals such as ceramics, glass, composites, polymers, biomaterials, and concrete.  This volume is divided into five sections and opens by discussing the role of acoustic emission in fracture toughness testing and the relation between static and dynamic fracture toughness of structural steels. The reader is then introduced to methods for determining stress-intensity factors of simplified geometries of structural parts; stress analysis of pressure vessels by thermal shock; the fracture toughness of constructional steels in cyclic loading; and fracture processes and fracture toughness in powder forged steels. The remaining chapters explore the influence of low-cycle damage on fracture toughness; fracture of structural alloys at temperatures approaching absolute zero; fracture mechanisms in Si-Al-O-N ceramics; propagation and bifurcation of cracks in quartz; and the effect of pressure and environment on the fracture and yield of polymers.  This monograph will be a useful resource for metallurgists, materials scientists, and structural and mechanical engineers.

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Kinetic Theory of Nonideal Gases and Nonideal Plasmas

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International Series in Natural Philosophy

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Kinetic Theory of Nonideal Gases and Nonideal Plasmas presents the fundamental aspects of the kinetic theory of gases and plasmas.  The book consists of three parts, which attempts to present some of the ideas, methods and applications in the study of the kinetic processes in nonideal gases and plasmas. The first part focuses on the classical kinetic theory of nonideal gases. The second part discusses the classical kinetic theory of fully ionized plasmas. The last part is devoted to the quantum kinetic theory of nonideal gases and plasmas. A concluding chapter is included, which presents a short account of the kinetic theory of chemically reacting systems and of partially ionized plasmas, in order to espouse further studies in the field.  Physicists, scientific researchers, professors, and graduate students in various fields will find the text of good use.

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Session Lectures Presented at the Twentysixth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan, 4-10 September 1977

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26th International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Volume 4: Organic Chemistry is a collection of session lectures presented at the 26th International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, held in Tokyo, Japan on September 4-10, 1977.  This volume is composed of six chapters and starts with a discussion of the problems related to the understanding orders of nucleophilic reactivity. The succeeding chapters deal with the synthetic approaches to the pentagonal dodecahedrane and several designs and concepts in natural product synthesis. These topics are followed by the examination of the full structures of tissue culture adducts formed from polyaromatic hydrocarbons and nucleic acids. The final chapters describe the biosynthesis of aspulvinone metabolites from Aspergillus terreus and a mathematical model for the deductive solution of chemical problems using computer programs.  This book is intended for organic chemists, researchers, and students.

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Proceedings of the Conference on Assessing the Effects of Power-Plant-Induced Mortality on Fish Populations

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Proceedings of the Conference on Assessing the Effects of Power-Plant-Induced Mortality on Fish Populations

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Enlarged and Revised Edition of the Popular Book Describing Insects That Live in Our Homes

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Twelve Little Housemates focuses on the characteristics, health hazards, life cycle, feeding habits, transfer, and control of insects that generally live in the house.   The manuscript first offers information on the house-flies, and particularly emphasized are the distinguishing characteristics of these insects from other insects, their life cycle, how they can be health hazards, and how they are considered in the medical field. The text also examines the different species of lice and their preferences, including the ways they are transferred and controlled.   The book focuses on the appearance, feeding habits, and control of cockroaches. The feeding habits and control of ants and bed-bugs are also discussed. The text also elaborates on the life cycle, appearance, characteristics, and health hazards of spiders, ticks, and gnats. The protection measures and control procedures against these insects are underscored. The manuscript also focuses on fleas and clothes moth.   The text is a dependable source of information for readers wanting to be familiar with common insects in the house.

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Critical Evaluation of Some Equilibrium Constants Involving Alkylammonium Extractants

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Critical Evaluation of Some Equilibrium Constants Involving Alkylammonium Extractants reviews the data on equilibrium constants involving long-chain alkylammonium salt extractants.  The book considers only two types of pertinent heterogeneous equilibria: the formation constants of alkylammonium salts; and the constants of the aggregation equilibria of these salts in organic solvents employed as diluents in solvent extraction processes. The basic principles of the most reliable and recommended experimental procedures; and the methods of treatment of numerical data and the calculations involved are also reviewed.  Chemists will find this book a good reference.

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The Stopping and Ranges of Ions in Matter

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Handbook of Stopping Cross-Sections for Energetic Ions in All Elements

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Stopping Cross-Sections for Energetic Ions in All Elements shows the stopping cross-sections of energetic ions in various elements in both solid and gas phase targets.  The book plots chosen ion and target combinations to allow accurate linear interpolation between plots for all elemental ions and all elemental targets (atomic number 1 through 92). Existing stopping data and summaries of the experimental data are presented as well. Chapters are also devoted to electronic and nuclear stopping of ions.  Physicists, researchers, physicians, nuclear scientists, radiologists, and engineers will find the book a good reference material.

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Proceedings of the International Congress on the Human Environment (Hesc) (Kyoto, 1975)

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Science for Better Environment: Proceedings of the International Congress on the Human Environment (HESC) focuses on the applications of science in health, human settlements, and protection of the environment.  The selection first offers information on the background of HESC, including human settlements and habitat, environment and development, natural disasters, and energy. The text then discusses humans place in natural ecosystems, along with essential properties of ecosystem, auto-regulation in ecosystem, and collapse of symbiosis between human and nature.  The compilation presents a summary of the environmental problems in Japan, including progress and outstanding issues in the environmental field. The water pollution from 1970 to 1975 and air pollution control in the country are underscored. The text also explains the development of antipollution laws in the country. Topics include local government antipollution laws, creation of antipollution laws, and clarifying the responsibility of industries in antipollution drives.  The book also touches on the role of scientists in the task of achieving a better environment; challenges of stress on human health in urban ecosystems; and environmental problems on a global scale.  The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in the application of science for the improvement of the environment.

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Session Lectures Presented at the Twentysixth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan, 4-10 September 1977

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26th International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Volume 5: Macromolecular Chemistry is a collection of session lectures presented at the 26th International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, held in Tokyo, Japan on September 4-10, 1977.  This volume is divided into nine chapters and starts with an examination of the photomechanical effects in photochromic systems. The succeeding chapters deal with the synthesis and characterization of polyquinolines; the general concept of no catalyst alternating copolymerization; the synthesis of various condensation polymers with functional groups, such as ether, hydroxyl, epoxy; or formal groups; and the application of excited state quenching to macromolecular photostabilization. These topics are followed by discussions of the viscoelastic properties of dilute polymer solutions and the developments in the use of polymers as reactants in organic reactions. The last chapters consider the determination of the helix-coil stability constants of the naturally occurring amino acids using random copolymers. These chapters also examine the structure and dynamics of solid polymers using elastic and inelastic neutron scattering.  This book will prove useful to polymer chemists, researchers, and students.

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The Proceedings of a Seminar Sponsored by the UN Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) and the Ministry for Research and Technology of the Federal Republic of Germany Held in Gottingen, October 1976

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Microbial Energy Conversion documents the proceedings of a seminar in Gottingen in October 1976.  This book discusses the potential of microorganisms to use solar energy or convert biomass produced by solar energy in such a way that new microbial energy sources can supplement or partially replace conventional sources.  This compilation reviews biomass production and elaborates on in detail the microbial processes that are involved in the conversion of the primary biomasseither freshly harvested or disposed of as wasteinto energy sources that are similar to hydrogen, methane, propane, gasoline, Diesel oil, methanol, ethanol, or electricity. The microbial processes that contribute to the development of known energy resources, such as mining of low grade ores of copper, zinc, and uranium; reclamation of oil from oil shale; and recovery of conventional and heavy oil and gas, are also deliberated. This text likewise elaborates on the study of photosynthetic enzyme systems, hydrogenase, immobilization of enzymes and pigments on membranes, and construction of artificial photosynthetic units.  This book is beneficial to students and researchers conducting work on microbial energy conversion.

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Session Lectures Presented at the Twentysixth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan, 4-10 September 1977

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26th International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Volume 3: Analytical Chemistry is a collection of session lectures presented at the 26th International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, held in Tokyo, Japan on September 4-10, 1977.   This book is divided into six chapters and begins with the features of the general purpose microcomputer data system, which is a cost-effective means to bring the power of machine intelligence to a wide variety of chemical instruments. The succeeding chapters deal with the application of sequential as kinetics by relaxation and correlation NMR spectroscopy and the design of chelating ligands for metal buffering in aqueous solution. These topics are followed by a discussion of the applications of collisional activation/mass spectrometry to ion and molecular structure determination and to the analysis of complex mixtures. The last chapter describes the advantages and limitations of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy as a trace metal analytical technique.  This book is of great value to analytical and organic chemists, researchers, and students.

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Session Lectures Presented at the Twentysixth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan, 4-10 September 1977

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Physical Chemistry covers the session lectures presented at the 26th International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, held in Tokyo, Japan on 4-10 September 1977. The book focuses on the processes, reactions, properties, and transformations of molecules, including energy transfer and spectroscopy.  The selection first discusses the applications of lasers in chemical spectroscopy and dynamics; microwave spectral studies of interstellar molecules; and molecular reaction dynamics by the crossed molecular beam technique. The text also reviews the chemical applications of ionizing excited atom-molecule collisions, including penning ionization by metastables and non-metastables, ionization in collisions with high-N-Rydberg atoms, and true associative ionization.  The manuscript examines the picosecond time-resolved measurements of vibrational energy transfer and relaxation phenomena in large polyatomic molecules and microwave spectroscopy of short-lived molecules. The text also ponders on the electronic structures of aromatic hydrocarbons with high spin multiplicities in the electronic ground state and non-stoichiometry and structural disorder in inorganic compounds.  The selection is a dependable reference for chemists and readers interested in pure and applied chemistry.

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Proceedings of The Open Meetings of The Working Group on Space Biology of The Twentieth Plenary Meeting of COSPAR, Tel Aviv, Israel, 7-18 June 1977

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Cospar Life Sciences and Space Research, Volume XVI covers the proceedings of the Open Meetings of the Working Group on Space Biology of the 20th Plenary Meeting of COSPAR, held in Tel Aviv, Israel, on June 7-18, 1977. The book focuses on the developments in space explorations; approaches for the creation of extraterrestrial intelligence; and biochemical mechanism of the visual-light-flash phenomena.

The selection first discusses the Viking Lander biology experiments on Mars. The experiments returned detailed picture of the Martian soil surface chemistry. The text also takes a look at a preliminary search for narrowband signals at microwave frequencies; observational program options and system requirements for the search of extraterrestrial intelligence; and public health considerations related to a Mars surface sample return mission. The book reviews planetary protection guidelines for outer planet missions, including Viking clean room technology, efficacy of clean room assembly, and Jupiter Orbiter Probe PP appraisal. The text also focuses on the effects of temperature, salinity, and other factors on the growth and formation of UV-absorbing substances by the fungus aspergillus; effects of gravitational and magnetic fields on transplanted neuroblastoma vascularity; and the roles of body mass and gravity in identifying the energy requirements of homoiotherms.

The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in space research.

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A Social Geography of England and Wales considers the theoretical concepts of the social geography of England and Wales. This book is composed of 11 chapters that discuss the theories of industrialization and urbanization.  The opening chapters deal with the origins and settlement of English people, as well as the workings of feudal society with its hierarchy of groups of different legal status, ranging from the king through the base of the system. The succeeding chapters examine the vital formative phase in British social history. Other chapters explore the strengths and weaknesses of several ecological and economic models of urban structure that are transported from North America to Great Britain. A chapter looks into the variations in housing type and quality form intriguing reflections of fundamental differences in British Society based on a theory of housing classes. This text also surveys residents of the inner areas of many British cities now experience substantial social problems, which are compounded in areas of multiple deprivation. The final chapters cover the dispersion of urbanism into the countryside where it has provoked fundamental social and spatial changes related to commuting, retirement migration and tourism.  This book is of value to historians, sociologists, researchers, and undergraduate students.

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Richard Dennis, Hugh Clout, W. B. Fisher