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The Administration of Civil Justice in England and Wales

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The Commonwealth and International Library: Pergamon Modern Legal Outlines

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The Administration of Civil Justice in England and Wales provides information of how both criminal and civil law is administered. This book discusses the jurisdiction and composition of the country courts, civil work of the magistrates' courts, as well as of the High Court of Justice.  Organized into 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the historical origins from which the modern courts have emerged. This text then explains the various strata of courts, namely country courts, magistrates' courts, the Court of Justice including its various divisions, and the appeal facilities that are available to litigants. Other chapters consider the different administrative tribunals and inquiries. The final chapter deals with the costs and the availability of legal aid and advice.  This book is a valuable resource for readers who are interested in the administration of civil and criminal justice. Law students and newly qualified practitioners will also find this book useful.

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R. W. Vick, C. F. Shoolbred, W. A. J. Farndale

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The Commonwealth and International Library: Mathematics Division

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Elementary Classical Hydrodynamics deals with the fundamental principles of elementary classical hydrodynamics, with emphasis on the mechanics of inviscid fluids. Topics covered by this book include direct use of the equations of hydrodynamics, potential flows, two-dimensional fluid motion, waves in liquids, and compressible flows. Some general theorems such as Bernoulli's equation are also considered.  This book is comprised of six chapters and begins by introducing the reader to the fundamental principles of fluid hydrodynamics, with emphasis on ways of studying the motion of a fluid. Basic concepts and quantities such as viscosity, density, and pressure, are considered, along with hydrostatics and the equation of motion. The discussion then turns to Bernoulli's equation, the motion of a small element of fluid, velocity potential, and the kinetic energy of a uniform incompressible fluid. The chapters that follow explore  two-dimensional fluid motion; a uniform inviscid, incompressible liquid having a free surface and upon which the only body force acting is uniform gravity; and a compressible gas with undisturbed uniform pressure and density, paying particular attention to the propagation and reflection of sound waves.  This book is intended as an elementary introduction to the mechanics of inviscid fluids for first and second year undergraduates.

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B. H. Chirgwin, C. Plumpton, W. J. Langford, E. A. Maxwell

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Physics of Thin Films: Advances in Research and Development, Volume 6 reviews the rapid progress that has been made in research and development concerning the physics of thin films, with emphasis on metallic films. Topics covered include anodic oxide films, thin metal films and wires, and multilayer magnetic films.  This volume is comprised of five chapters and begins with a discussion on the dielectric properties and the technique of plasma anodization which are relevant to the applications of anodic oxide films in electronic devices. Conduction, polarization, and dielectric breakdown effects are also considered. The next chapter examines studies on size-dependent electrical conduction in thin metal films and wires, paying particular attention to both classical and quantum size effects and some of the anisotropic characteristics of epitaxial metal films. The reader is then introduced to the optical properties of metal films and interactions in multilayer magnetic films. This text concludes with a chapter that looks at diffusion in metallic films and presents experimental results for phase-forming systems, miscible systems, and lateral diffusion.  This monograph will be of value to students and practitioners of physics, especially those interested in thin films.

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Maurice H. Francombe, Richard W. Hoffman

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Selected Readings in Physics: Applied Group Theory provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of applied group theory. This book discusses the properties of symmetry of a system in quantum mechanics.  Organized into two parts encompassing nine chapters, this book begins with an overview of the problem of elastic vibrations of a symmetric structure. This text then examines the numbers, degeneracies, and symmetries of the normal modes of vibration. Other chapters consider the conditions under which a polyatomic molecule can have a stable equilibrium configuration when its electronic state has orbital degeneracy. This book discusses as well the effect of an electric field having a given symmetry upon an atom. The final chapter deals with the symmetry of crystals with a magnetic moment.  This book is intended to be suitable for final-year students and fresh postgraduate students in physics. Physicists and researcher workers will also find this book extremely useful.

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Biological Phosphate Removal from Wastewaters

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Proceedings of an IAWPRC Specialized Conference held in Rome, Italy, 28-30 September, 1987

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Biological Phosphate Removal from Wastewaters contains the proceedings of an International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control Specialized Conference held in Rome, Italy on September 28-30, 1987. Contributors review advances that have been made in the removal of biological phosphates from wastewaters, both at the fundamental scientific level and in the practical application of the process. Topics range from the fundamental microbiology and biochemistry of the enhanced biological removal of phosphate to the practical full-scale plant experiences with phosphorus removal and sludge handling from such processes.  This text is comprised of 43 chapters; the first of which describes the utilization of polyphosphate as an energy reserve in Acinetobacter sp. and activated sludge. Attention then turns to metabolic control in polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria and its role in enhancing biological phosphate removal. The biochemistry and energetics of biological phosphorus removal are also considered. The next section is devoted to process modeling and includes chapters that explore the kinetics of biological excess phosphorus removal; factors affecting anaerobic stabilization during biological phosphorus removal; and the behavior of magnesium in biological phosphate removal. In the next section, bench/pilot-scale studies are presented; one of which investigated the reduction of returned phosphorus from a sludge treatment process. The book concludes with a discussion on phosphate removal mechanisms and pilot- and full-scale experiences.  This book will be of interest to students, practitioners, and policymakers in water pollution control.

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Society, Schools and Progress in England

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The Commonwealth and International Library: Education and Educational Research

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Society, Schools and Progress in England examines the role of education in society and its contribution to progress. This text presents a descriptive analysis of changing purposes in English education, highlighting the plans and crises as well as the constant efforts in the past hundred years to fit education and meet the needs of an evolving industrial society.  This book is comprised of eight chapters and begins by providing the historical and institutional background, followed by a discussion on administration, the school system, family influences, and background social forces. In particular, the function of Parliament in relation to education is considered, along with the relationship between education and industry; the widening of educational opportunity in connection with concerns over the crude social and economic barriers to further progress; and the proposed reforms for the educational system. This book also looks at the efforts of the early twentieth century to create a national system of secondary education and concludes by assessing what has been achieved so far and what still needs to be done in improving the education in England.  This reference material is intended to serve students of sociology, government and politics, and education.

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A Mathematical Model for Handling in a Warehouse

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The Commonwealth and International Library: Social Administration, Training, Economics and Production Division

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A Mathematical Model for Handling in a Warehouse presents the formulation of a mathematical model for goods handling in a warehouse. This 11-chapter text specifically serves as a guide in decision-making in terms of the capacity, shape, and layout of a warehouse for a variety of available handling equipment under minimized total cost.  The first seven chapters cover the overview, purpose, and applicability of the model; the role of stock distributions in movement within the warehouse; the problem of order picking; and the effect of time dependent storage policies on the model. The following chapters outline a formula for building cost and its link to handling effort, followed by a discussion on the use of the model when considering warehouse automation. These chapters also examine the mathematical aspects of the model. The concluding chapter provides some numerical examples to illustrate the use and applicability of the model in a specific warehouse handling condition.  Mathematician and researchers in the related subjects of goods handling in a warehouse will find this work invaluable.

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E. Kay, R Brown, G. Chandler, W. A. Davis

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Organicum: Practical Handbook of Organic Chemistry focuses on the theory, laboratory practice, and aspects of technical use related to organic chemistry.  This book discusses the standard apparatus for organic reactions, heating of inflammable liquids, performance of a simple distillation, and partition chromatography in separating columns. The time factor in organic chemical reactions, distribution of the electron density in organic molecules, and synthesis of ethers from alkoxides or phenoxides are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the mechanism of electrophilic aromatic substitution, quinones from aromatic hydrocarbons, and reduction of carbonyl compounds by means of complex hydrides. Other topics include the reaction with ammoniacal solution of a silver salt, preparation of the dimedone derivatives, and saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons.  This publication is suitable for chemists and researchers conducting work in organic chemistry.

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Heinz Becker, Werner Berger, Günter Domschke

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A Parent's Guide to Examinations: From Primary School to University provides an account of examinations in Wales and England from the primary school stage to the university. This book discusses the intense competition in universities that led to procedures being adopted for the administration of students.  Organized into 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the examinations taken in the primary school in relation with selection for secondary schools. This text then describes the examinations themselves as well as some aspects of the system that has produced them. Other chapters consider the differences between the different types of schools, the organization of Local Education Authorities, and the administration of technical colleges and universities. This book discusses as well the courses for operatives, draftsmen, and technicians. The final chapter deals with grants for students at teacher training colleges.  This book is a valuable resource for readers who are interested in the working of the system.

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Selected Readings in Physics: Wave Mechanics provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of wave mechanics. This book discusses the discovery of quantum mechanics.  Organized into two parts encompassing five chapters and eight papers, this book begins with an overview of the essential parts of a theory, including a mathematical system, a domain of determinable facts, and a system of prescriptions correlating mathematical quantities and physical facts. This text then describes the classical model of electrons as mass points. Other chapters consider the connections between mathematically calculated quantities and physically measured quantities. This book discusses as well the relationship between the concepts of frequency and energy. The final paper deals with the theory of collision processes in which the transition probabilities are determined by the asymptomatic behavior of aperiodic solutions.  This book is a valuable resource for physicists, scientists, and research workers.

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International Review of Neurobiology, Supplement 1: Neurobiology of the Trace Metals Zinc and Copper represents a first report in the study of the neurobiology of zinc and copper. Topics covered by this supplementary volume include the effects of zinc deficiency; the link between acute stress and trace element metabolism; the effects of trace elements on behavior; the pathophysiology of zinc; and the role of copper in schizophrenia.  This book consists of seven chapters and begins with a historical overview of zinc deficiency syndrome in humans, followed by a discussion on the metabolism of zinc, effects of its deficiency, and its biochemical functions. Gross congenital malformations in zinc-deficient rats are highlighted. The reader is then introduced to the effect of acute stress on the metabolism of a trace element; the importance of trace elements to development and behavior; and the biological effect(s) of zinc. The next chapter is devoted to idiopathic hypogeusia with dysgeusia, hyposmia, and dysosmia, its symptoms, clinical pathology, and treatment.  This monograph will be of value to neurobiologists, biochemists, and nutritionists.

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Tests in Education: A Book of Critical Reviews is a collection of reviews of tests used in education. Topics covered by the reviews include early development, language, mathematics, composite attainments, general abilities, and personality and counseling.  In the introduction, the tests reviewed, their range, and their accessibility and availability are discussed, along with the issues taken into account by the reviewers in the preparation of their reviews. Some of the desiderata for published tests are considered and the principles and issues frequently referred to by the reviewers are highlighted. The next section is devoted to the test reviews, which cover early development, language, mathematics, composite attainments, general abilities, and personality and counseling. The final chapter focuses on a number of other reviews for tests such as the Comprehension Test for College of Education Students, Garnett College Test, Maitland Graves Design Judgement Test, The Meier Art Tests, Modern Language Aptitude Test, Seashore Measure of Musical Talents, and Wing Standardized Tests of Musical Intelligence.  This monograph will be of value to a wide range of professionals, including teachers, higher administrative staff and educational advisers, educational psychologists, medical officers, speech therapists, pediatricians, psychiatrists, and social workers.

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Instrumentation, Control and Automation of Water and Wastewater Treatment and Transport Systems

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Proceedings of the 5th IAWPRC Workshop Held in Yokohama and Kyoto, Japan, 26 July3 August 1990

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Instrumentation, Control and Automation of Water and Wastewater Treatment and Transport Systems documents the proceedings of the 5th IAWPRC Workshop held in Yokohama and Kyoto, Japan, 26 July-3 August 1990. The papers presented at this Workshop have emphasized the following aspects:    new sensor technology based on developments in electrochemistry, fiber optics, and electro-optics;   research into materials such as those needed to produce membranes of the required selectivity, for immobilization of reactive species, and for addition of reagents and standards;    the use of inferential measurements coupled with expert system technology;   the ever-increasing power of microprocessors and the continuing reduction in their unit costs;   better communications capability;   improved mathematical modeling;   an increased awareness of the improved management that results from the timely availability of relevant data to the appropriate levels in the management hierarchy.  This book, together with the proceedings of previous workshops, provides what is probably the most comprehensive account of the state of the art and recent developments in instrumentation, control, and automation as applied to the water and water-using industries, and as such will be invaluable to the practitioner, the researcher, and the student community.

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The Commonwealth and International Library: Electrical Engineering Division

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Electrical Installations Technology covers the syllabus of the City and Guilds of London Institute course No. 51, the Electricians B Certificate. This book is composed of 15 chapters that deal with basic electrical science and electrical installations.  The introductory chapters discuss the fundamentals and basic electrical principles, including the concept of mechanics, heat, magnetic fields, electric currents, power, and energy. These chapters also explore the atomic theory of electric current and the electric circuit, conductors, and insulators. The subsequent chapter focuses on the chemistry of an electric cell, which is classified into two types, namely, the primary and secondary cells. This text also describes the principles, construction, types, and specifications of direct current machines. A chapter emphasizes the storage of energy for short periods in a capacitor, along with a brief discussion of its theory and construction. Other chapters are devoted to alternating-current systems. The remaining chapters cover the commonly used electrical measuring instruments in electrical installation work.  This book is an invaluable source for electricians.

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Basic Instrumentation for Engineers and Physicists

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The Commonwealth and International Library: Applied Electricity and Electronics Division

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Basic Instrumentation for Engineers and Physicists provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of instrumentation and measurements. This book discusses the method of building up an instrumentation system.  Organized into eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of the instruments designed for use by human operatives that are usually of the visual reading type. This text then examines the common methods of length measurement by means of scales and by means of gauge blocks. Other chapters consider kilogram as the internationally recognized fundamental unit of mass, which is defined by a standard mass known as the International Prototype Kilogram. This book discusses as well the importance of precise determination of time. The final chapter deals with the assembly of apparatus appropriate for the measurements that have to be made in carrying out a specific project.  This book is a valuable resource for engineers, physicists, scientists, students, and research workers.

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Learning to Give as Part of Religious Education attempts to answer the question: what is actually to go on in a lesson about "life" or "reality"? It takes as its starting point a sure ground of adolescent concern: the compassion for human suffering which is normally awakened and keenly felt in the middle teens. It then proceeds to inform this compassion: it explores the depth and shape of the need; it amasses the facts of the situation; it illustrates the human meaning of it, with quotation from biography and poetry and personal documents; it describes the efforts made, in active compassion, to relieve the need; and it makes suggestions of ways in which the young can share in the work of relief. Finally, it marches on to biblical and other statements about the human situation that set these specific agonizing points of suffering against the vast problem of evil, viewed in the light of a belief in a God who cares, thus lifting the human adventure from its sublunar situation on to a cosmic level.

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Precipitation Hardening deals with precipitation hardening, an important method by which the resistance to plastic deformation of a metal crystal may be increased. The impact made by X-ray methods, dislocation concepts, and electron microscopy is highlighted.   This book is divided into four sections and begins by outlining the broad basis of age-hardening, touching on topics such as the mechanisms of diffusion, phase equilibria, and nucleation. The X-ray metallography and electron microscopy of aging are examined next, along with changes in mechanical and physical properties on aging. This discussion is followed by a chapter on the metallography of aged alloys and theories of the mechanisms of hardening. The next section discusses the slip interference theory of the hardening of metals; precipitation hardening of aluminum-magnesium-zinc alloys and reversion through age-hardening; and the influence of small additions of silver on the aging of aluminum alloys. The final section outlines some theories of the mechanisms of hardening.  This monograph will be useful to students and practitioners in the field of metallurgy.

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Advances in Surface Treatments provides information on technologies, applications, and effects of surface treatment processes on different materials. The text is composed of papers that are presented at the AST World Conference, ""Advances in Surface Treatments and Surface Finishing"", held in Paris in December 1986.  The book is divided into six parts; each of which discusses a different topic in the field of surface treatment. These topics include thermal and thermochemical surface treatments; mechanical surface treatments and their effects; quality control of surface treated materials; surface finishing; surface coating; laser surface of hardening materials; and the relationship of surface treatment with the environment. Topics such as metallic coatings and special surface treatments are also covered in the book.  The text is recommended for engineers who are not yet familiar with surface treatments as well as those who wish to contribute to the research in this field.

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The Commonwealth and International Library: Computing Science and Cybernetics Division

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Digital Computers in Action is an introduction to the basics of digital computers as well as their programming and various applications in fields such as mathematics, science, engineering, economics, medicine, and law. Other topics include engineering automation, process control, special purpose games-playing devices, machine translation and mechanized linguistics, and information retrieval.  This book consists of 14 chapters and begins by discussing the history of computers, from the idea of performing complex arithmetical calculations to the emergence of a modern view of the structure of a general purpose computing machine. Some of the most important applications of computers are also considered. This text introduces the structure and capabilities of the modern electronic digital computer; what operations can be performed by a typical machine and how these operations make the process of automatic calculation a useful one; and the uses of digital computers in mathematics, science, engineering, economics, medicine, and law. This book also examines the applications of computers to the automation of production engineering, process control in refinery transportation and the factory, and machine translation and mechanized linguistics. The final chapter deals with the use of computers in information storage and retrieval.  This reference material is intended for students who wish to know how computers can be of assistance in their own disciplines.

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Proceeding of Second IAWPRC Asian Conference on Water Pollution Control Held in Bangkok, Thailand, 9-11 November, 1988

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Water Pollution Control in Asia documents the proceedings of the Second IAWPRC Asian Conference on Water Pollution Control, held in Bangkok, Thailand, 9-11 November 1988. The conference brings together the various factors that must be considered when investigating the development of water supply and control of sewage disposal systems, especially for small villages or towns and large communities in Asia which are situated too far from a piped system of water supply, thus requiring its own sources treatment and sewage disposal.  The contributions made by researchers at the conference are organized into seven parts. Part 1 examines the various aspects of water quality management. The papers in Part 2 deal with the analysis and cleanup of river, lake, and marine pollution. Part 3 discusses the treatment of human waste while Part 4 is devoted to industrial waste treatment approaches. Part 5 focuses on water treatment methods. Part 6 contains studies on water reuse and groundwater contamination. The papers in Part 7 cover various topics such as wastewater management in developing countries and the treatment of phenolic wastewater using rotating biological contactors.