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The availability of the photosynthetic reaction center's structure at an atomic resolution of less than three angstroms has revolutionized research. This protein is the first integral membrane protein whose structure has been determined with such precision. Each volume of the Photosynthetic Reaction Center contains original research, methods, and reviews. Together, these volumes cover our current understanding of how photosynthesis converts light energy into stored chemical energy.Volume I describes the chemistry and biochemistry of photosynthesis, including green plant photosynthesis; it is devoted to the overall features and implications of the bacterial reaction center for green plant research. It features a new description of the structure of the reaction center, followed by coverage of the antenna and light functions. Volume I also details new manipulations of the reaction center including chemical and genetic modifications. It describes how the reaction center provides reducing power via electron transfer chemistry coupled to proton uptake and release; coupling of electron transport between the oxidized reaction center and the aqueous periplasm; and the general operation of membrane-bound proteins. Additionally, this volume contains five chapters detailing facets of green plant photosynthesis important for future research.

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This textbook presents the scientific basis for understanding the nature of food and the principles of experimental methodology as applied to food. It reviews recent research findings and specific technological advances related to food. Taking an experimental approach, exercises are included at the end of each chapter to provide the needed experience in planning experiments. Emphasizing the relationships between chemical and physical properties, basic formulas and procedures are included in the appendix. Demonstrates the relationships among composition, structure, physical properties, and functional performance in foods Suggested exercises at the end of each chapter provide students with needed experience in designing experiments Extensive bibliographies of food science literature Appendix of basic formulas and procedures

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Steve Taylor, Marjorie P. Penfield, Ada Marie Campbell

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Any explanation of the physiological ecology of plant growth--why plants survive in particular environments--requires the measurement of the effects of environmental factors. This book reviews the history, development, and current status of instruments and measurement techniques that have been particularly useful in field studies of plant physiological ecology. It will be of interest to researchers and students in plant physiology and biochemistry, crop scientists, horticulturalists, and foresters. Miniaturized, portable gas exchange measurement systems Permanent field installation for transportationo measurements Automated plant-water sensing system Use of chlorophyll fluorescence for screening of tolerant genotypes

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Yasushi Hashimoto, Hiroshi Nonami, Paul J. Kramer, Boyd R. Strain

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Three-Dimensional Confocal Microscopy: Volume Investigation of Biological Specimens

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Volume Investigation of Biological Specimens

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The integration of confocal microscopy and volume investigation has led to an unprecedented ability to examine spatial relationships between cellular structure and function. The goal of this book is to familiarize the reader with these new technologies and to demonstrate their applicability to a wide range of biological and clinical problems. Volume investigation Three-dimensional reconstruction Fluroescent probe design Biological applications of confocal microscopy, including calcium imaging, receptor movement, and diagnostic pathology Confocal data display and analysis Twenty-eight pages of color

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Dennis E. Buetow, Ian T. Cameron, G. M. Padilla, A. M. Zimmerman, John K. Stevens, Linda R. Mills, Judy E. Trogadis

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Handbook of Quality Integrated Circuit Manufacturing

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Here is a comprehensive practical guide to entire wafer fabrication process from A to Z. Written by a practicing process engineer with years of experience, this book provides a thorough introduction to the complex field of IC manufacturing, including wafer area layout and design, yield optimization, just-in-time management systems, statistical quality control, fabrication equipment and its setup, and cleanroom techniques. In addition, it contains a wealth of information on common process problems: How to detect them, how to confirm them, and how to solve them. Whether you are a new enginner or technician just entering the field, a fabrication manager looking for ways to improve quality and production, or someone who would just like to know more about IC manufacturing, this is the book you're looking for. Provides a readable, practical overview of the entire wafer fabrication process for new engineers and those just entering this complex field Enables engineers and managers to improve production, raise quality levels, and solve problems that commonly occur in the fabrication process Presents the latest techniques and gives special attention to Japanese IC manufacturing techniques, showing how they obtain outstanding quality

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Transgenic animal technologies and the ability to introduce functional genes into animals have revolutionized our ability to address complex biomedical and biological questions, as well as to make practical applications to production agriculture. This well-illustrated handbook covers the technical aspects of gene transfer in animals--from molecular methods to whole animal considerations--for the important laboratory and domestic animal species. It describes methodologies as employed by leading laboratories and is a key resource for researchers, as well as a tool for training technicians and students. Contains a comprehensive collection of transgenic animal and gene transfer methods Discusses background and introduction to techniques and animal systems Teaches practical step-by-step protocols Describes mouse model systems Covers laboratory and domestic animal species Illustrated with diagrams and photographs Includes useful tables and charts

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Sophisticated techniques for signal processing are now available to the biomedical specialist! Written in an easy-to-read, straightforward style, Biomedical Signal Processing presents techniques to eliminate background noise, enhance signal detection, and analyze computer data, making results easy to comprehend and apply. In addition to examining techniques for electrical signal analysis, filtering, and transforms, the author supplies an extensive appendix with several computer programs that demonstrate techniques presented in the text.

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Designed for easy use by both new and experienced protein crystallographers, this much-needed book is for anyone interested in solving protein structures by the method of crystallography. It contains many examples ofactual experiments and data, including electron density maps. Computer methods and computer code samples are presented. Practical Protein Crystallography is loaded with new information on area detectors, synchrotron radiation techniques, and the latest computer methods, and features the XtalView software system. Graduate students and teachers in physical biochemistry and pharmaceutical researchers will find this text a timely and convenient aid.

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The study of energetic materials is emerging from one primarily directed toward practical interests to an advanced area of fundamental research, where state-of-the-art methods and theory are used side by side with modern synthetic methods.

This timely book integrates the recent experimental, synthetic, and theoretical research of energetic materials. Editors George Olah and David Squire emphasize the importance of structure and mechanism in determining properties and performances. They also explore new spectrometric methods and synthetic approaches in this useful reference.
Discusses structural analysis by x-ray crystallography Explains chemical dynamics by photofragmentation translational spectroscopy Covers kinetic analysis by ultrafast absorption and emission spectroscopy Details syntheses of polycyclic caged amines, fuel additives, and polynitro compounds Examines computer-aided design of monopropellants Includes contributions by two Nobel laureates and five members of the National Academy of Sciences

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This guide for the practicing chromatographer who wants a ready source of information on HPLC detection explores and compares existing detection systems and detectors, outlines the common problems associated with a given detector, and offers proven approaches to avoiding such problems. Addresses the practical aspects of HPLC detection, including: basic theory, when a particular type of detector can be used, how detectors from various manufacturers differ, common problems of detectors and ways to avoid them Presents an overview of today's most common techniques Discusses the advantages and disadvantages of HPLC, dispelling common misconceptions

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Real-Time Optical Information Processing covers the most recent developments in optical information processing, pattern recognition, neural computing, and materials for devices in optical computing. Intended for researchers and graduate students in signal and information processing with some elementary background in optics, the book provides both theoretical and practical information on the latest in information processing in all its aspects. Leading researchers in the field describe the significant signal processing algorithms architectures in optics as well as basic hardware concepts, such as the fundamentals of spatial light modulators. Each chapter begins with a review of basic concepts and follows with a discussion of recent advances in the field. A complete bibliography on the fundamentals of each topic is also included to aid the reader.

Contributors are among the leading researchers in the area
Chapters begin with reviews of basic concepts
Complete bibliographical information is included

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Introduction to Electronic Document Management Systems

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Introduction to Electronic Document Management Systems provides an in-depth overview of the technology of electronic document management using modern electronic image processing. It will prove to be a key source of information for management and technical staff of organizations considering a transformation from traditional micrographics-based document storage and retrieval systems to new electronic document capture systems. It will also be useful for those organizations considering improving productivity through electronic management of large volumes of data records.

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Physiological Aspects of Digestion and Metabolism in Ruminants

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Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology

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This volume is comprised of invited papers presented at the Seventh International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology, held in Sendai, Japan, in September 1989. Papers are invited on the recommendations of 300 international experts. The proceedings of this symposia provides the most comprehensive coverage available of current research in ruminant physiology.

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An expanded version of the first edition published in 1971, each section of this second edition has been updated and a new section on nematodes has been added. It is aimed at all workers interested in nematodes irrespective of whether they do research on nematodes that are parasites on animals or plants or free-living in the soil. Up-to-date literature review of the structures of all types of nematodes, both free living and parasitic More than 100 photographs and illustrations New chapter on the pathology of nematodes Comparisons throughout between the two major groups of nematodes - the Secernentea and Andenophorea

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Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis is written by experts in the measurement of radioactivity. The book describes the broad scope of analytical methods available and instructs the reader on how to select the proper technique. It is intended as a practical manual for research which requires the accurate measurement of radioactivity at all levels, from the low levels encountered in the environment to the high levels measured in radioisotope research. This book contains sample preparation procedures, recommendations on steps to follow, necessary calculations, computer controlled analysis, and high sample throughput techniques. Each chapter includes practical techniques for application to nuclear safety, nuclear safeguards, environmental analysis, weapons disarmament, and assays required for research in biomedicine and agriculture.

The fundamentals of radioactivity properties, radionuclide decay, and methods of detection are included to provide the basis for a thorough understanding of the analytical procedures described in the book. Therefore, the Handbook can also be used as a teaching text.
Includes sample preparation techniques for matrices such as soil, air, plant, water, animal tissue, and surface swipes Provides procedures and guidelines for the analysis of commonly encountered na

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Dynamic Aquaria is the outgrowth of years of research aimed at studying how to accurately model and construct living ecosystems in mesocosms, microcosms, and aquaria. It is a unique book, presenting scientifically sound information for a growing new area of science--synthetic ecology, or the construction of living ecosystems. At the same time, the authors present thoughtful perspectives on how knowledge gained by creating these smaller ecosystems helps us to understand our wild ecosystems and biosphere as a whole.

For the scientist:
n This book presents an array of new approaches, some revolutionary, to the development and operation of experimental ecosystems
For the professional aquarist:
n This book demonstrates the ever-expanding possibilities for creating functioning ecosystems for educational display
For the hobbyist:
n The book demonstrates the practical potential for building and operating true, "natural" ecosystems, rather than artificial habitats that house a few selected organisms

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The Entrepreneur's Guide to Commercial Food Preparation

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This book contains all the factual, technical, and resource information anyone would need to successfully market and establish a food manufacturing business. It covers such topics as choosing a food product, developing that product,legal and economic aspects of the food marketing business, successful marketing, advertising, packaging, and food safety. It is a must for the would-be entrepreneur!

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This book is the first comprehensive treatment of Aotus, the nocturnal New World owl monkeys often used in behavioral and biomedical studies. Found in tropical forests from Nicaragua to Argentina, owl monkeys have been used in laboratories as model organisms for studies of diseases like malaria, and various forms of cancer, as well as studies of reproductive physiology and neuroanatomical structure and function. These and other recent studies of this fascinating primate are included in this new volume. As the only book devoted exclusively to owl monkeys, this volume is an invaluable addition to the library of anyone interested in primate biology, evolution, ecology, and behavior. Only book devoted entirely to owl monkeys Surveys issues that pertain to wild and captive populations Represents the breadth of studies that model organisms can engender

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Janet F. Baer, Richard E. Weller, Ibulaimu Kakoma

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This Second Edition, is the new, thoroughly revised edition of the established and well-respected authoritative text in the field. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology is hypothesis driven and firmly based on numerous experiments performed by experts in the field. Seven new chapters (five new and two totally rewritten) complement and expand on the first edition and are written in a way that encourages students to ask questions. Additionally, new, groundbreaking research data on dendritic processing is presented in a very easy-to-understand format.

* A presentation that is hypothesis driven and firmly based on experiment
* A concise but in depth explanation of molecular properties and functions of excitable cells
* Over 400 two-colour illustrations
* Appendices describing neurobiological techniques

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This is the first book to explain, illustrate, and compare the most widely used methods in optics: photoluminescence, infrared spectroscopy, and Raman scattering. Written with non-experts in mind, the book develops the background needed to understand the why and how of each technique, but does not require special knowledge of semiconductors or optics. Each method is illustrated with numerous case studies. Practical information drawn from the authors experience is given to help establish optical facilities, including commercial sources for equipment, and experimental details. For industrial scientists with specific problems in semiconducting materials; for academic scientists who wish to apply their spectroscopic methods to characterization problems; and for students in solid state physics, materials science and engineering, and semiconductor electronics and photonics, this book provides a unique overview, bringing together these valuable techniques in a coherent wayfor the first time.

Discusses and compares infrared, Raman, and photoluminescence methods
Enables readers to choose the best method for a given problem
Illustrates applications to help non-experts and industrial users, with answers to selected common problems
Presents fundamentals with examples from the semiconductor literature without excessive abstract discussion
Features equipment lists and discussion of techniques to help establish characterization laboratories