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The Commonwealth and International Library: Readings in Sociology

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Readings in the Sociology of Migration deals with migration as a sociological problem, with greater emphasis on internal migrations than on international migrations. Some of the problems covered by sociological inquiry in the study of migration are discussed, along with theories of migration such as the push-pull theory, differential migration, and motivation for migration.  This book is comprised of 16 chapters and opens by outlining types of migration according to the professional and social composition of migrants: mass migration, economic migration from an underdeveloped country, economic emigration from an industrial country, and immigration into an industrial nation. A general typology of migration is then presented before the problem of migration in various countries such as Britain, France, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and the United States is considered. The final chapter presents preliminary findings from a demographic and socioeconomic sample survey of the population of the metropolitan area of San Salvador, El Salvador.  This monograph will be a useful resource for sociologists and policymakers concerned with migration.

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Metals: Thermal and Mechanical Data covers the thermal and mechanical data of metals. The book presents topics on atomic heat; phase changes and vapor pressure; and elastic constants. The text also includes topics on plasticity properties, such as stress strength, activation energy for and change in creep, and hardness; internal friction; and data for liquid metals close to the melting point including viscosity and surface tension. Engineers, technicians, physical chemists as well as specialists in metallurgy will find the book invaluable.

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Structure and Properties of Inorganic Solids

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International Series of Monographs in Solid State Physics

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Structure and Properties of Inorganic Solids, Volume 7 is a reference book that describes the structure of metals, intermetallics, halides, hydrides, carbides, borides, and other inorganic phases as well as some of their properties. Among the inorganic solids discussed are CsCl, NaCl, ZnS, NiAs, perovskite, spinel, corundum, beta tungsten, and graphite.  This volume is comprised of 12 chapters and opens with an overview of crystallography and material properties, followed by a discussion on the structural relationships of elemental solids. The reader is then introduced to the ZnS, NiAs, CsCl, NaCl, graphite, perovskite, spinel, corundum, and beta tungsten type structures. The final chapter offers a brief summary of the structure of various types of inorganic compounds covered in the text.  This book is written to meet the needs of teachers of advanced undergraduate and graduate courses and of researchers in the various disciplines that make up the field of materials sciences. It will also be of interest to those with diverse backgrounds such as engineering, chemistry, metallurgy, physics, ceramics, and mineralogy.

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Francis S. Galasso, Balak Das Kurmi, R. Smoluchowski

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Scientific and Technological Communication deals with the fundamental aspects of the elements and media of scientific and technological communication, with emphasis on the critical issues involving them as well as the opportunities and techniques for exploiting them. Topics covered include informal information exchange; specialized information and analysis centers; mechanization and information handling; and international aspects of scientific and technical communication.  This book is comprised of nine chapters and begins with an overview of the scientific communication process, its evolution, and its elements, as well as the importance of the scientific literature to the integrity, correctness, and viability of this process. The following chapters explore the social role of the scientific literature in establishing priority of effort with respect to the research and engineering process; primary and secondary literature on scientific and technological communication, including scientific journals, monographs, and technical reports; informal information exchange; and specialized information and analysis centers. The final chapter is devoted to the international aspects of scientific and technical communication.  This monograph will be a useful resource for scientific and technical practitioners, as well as users, generators, and managers of communication systems in private and government sectors.

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Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Naval Structural Mechanics

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Mechanics of Composite Materials contains the proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Naval Structural Mechanics held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on May 8-10, 1967. The papers explore the mechanics of composite materials for naval applications. The structural requirements of a system and the fundamental mechanical properties of composite materials, as well as the behavior of such materials under various environmental conditions, are discussed.  This book is comprised of 40 chapters and begins with an analysis of missile and aircraft systems constraints and operational requirements, along with ship systems constraints and operational requirements, for composite materials. The following chapters focus on structural uses of composites, particularly in naval ships, aircraft, re-entry vehicles, and space vehicle structures; and the micromechanics, structural mechanics, and failure mechanics of composite materials. Problems in the design of joints and attachments are considered, along with the stability of pre-strained laminated media; environmental factors in the design of composite materials; and the effect of water on glass-reinforced plastics.  This monograph will be a useful resource for scientists and engineers who are particularly concerned with the mechanics of composite materials.

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Churchill at Chartwell is an account of Winston Churchill's years at Chartwell, his home at Kent from 1924 until his death in January 1965 at the age of ninety. This book traces Churchill's relationship with the house and its contents, particularly the garden. It chronicles the events of his career as they emerge from Chartwell or reflect upon it.  This book is comprised of six chapters and begins with a background on Chartwell, from the time Churchill bought it in 1922 and his move, together with his family, to the place in 1924, until his death. The next chapter discusses the changes made by Churchill to the property, from the entrance to the interior. The approach to Chartwell is then described, paying particular attention to the garden and the lakes, along with the interior of the house including the hall, the drawing room, the library, Lady Churchill's bedroom, the anteroom, the museum room, the study room, and the dining room. After describing the garden, the book explores the studio, where Churchill and his friends, Walter Sickert and William Nicholson, the two most distinguished artists of his day, stayed and painted.  This monograph will be a useful resource for historians and students interested in the life of Winston Churchill.

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The Commonwealth and International Library: Pergamon Educational Guides

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Awakening the Slower Mind deals with the education of and teaching special-needs children. More particularly, this book concerns children in special schools for the ""educationally subnormal,"" whom the author differentiates from the ""ineducable"" child.   The first part of this book discusses these children by noting conditions before and during their birth and the background environment of immigrant children and school transferees. The second part of this text is a discussion on the educational system as to how it affects these children, and discusses when the child with difficulties cannot keep up with his teachers, with the other students, and with the system. In a highly industrialized country, literacy becomes an important tool for communication. By making these special students appreciate the value of using language properly through the teacher's efficient use of expressive arts and similar activities, their personality can develop and grow, to the point that they will learn to appreciate the value of learning appropriate and correct language skills. The author points out that in this way, these children will become functionally literate.   This book is recommended for school administrators for special learning institutions, school counselors, education majors, pediatricians, and parents of special-needs children.

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Anglo-American Microelectronics Data 1968-69, Volume Two: Manufacturers R-Z presents information on the features of the design, construction and application of microelectronic devices. The book discusses the features of the design, construction and application of radiation integrated circuits; Raytheon integrated circuits; RCA integrated circuits; and Signetics integrated circuits. The text also describes the features of the design, construction and application of Siliconix integrated circuits; Sperry integrated circuits; Sprague integrated circuits; and STC thick film circuits. The features of the design, construction and application of Stewart-Warner micro circuits; Sylvania integrated circuits; Texas instruments semiconductor networks; and transitron integrated circuits are also encompassed. The book further tackles the features of the design, construction and application of Varo hybrid film integrated circuits; Welwyn thick film and thin film resistor networks; Westinghouse integrated circuits; and Zeltex hybrid integrated circuits. Designers, buyers, and users of microelectronic devices will find the book useful.

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Talking about Puddings presents a collection of recipes of home-made puddings. The book describes cooking methods and preparation, dressing, and storage suggestions for each recipe. The text also provides recipes of traditional Christmas and winter puddings, fritters, pancakes and sweet omelets, creamy milk puddings, junkets and custards, and pies. The book covers recipes of other baked puddings, pies, tarts, flans, meringue delicacies, and lush cakes. Recipes of cheese or curd cakes and other delicacies made with cottage cheese and sour cream; cold sweets; ice cream and food with ice cream; and petits fours, friandises, and dessert biscuits are also provided. The book concludes by discussing useful fundamentals such as pastry-making, sweet sauces, flavorings and simple garnishes, handy measures, and British and American measures. Home cooks and professional chefs will find the book invaluable.

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The Commonwealth and International Library: Selected Readings in Physics

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The Solid State Maser presents readings related to solid state maser amplifier from the first tentative theoretical proposals that appeared in the early 1950s to the successful realization of practical devices and their application to satellite communications and radio astronomy almost exactly 10 years later. The book discusses a historical account of the early developments (including that of the ammonia maser) of solid state maser; the properties of paramagnetic ions in crystals; the development of practical low noise amplifiers; and the characteristics of maser devices designed for communications use. The text also contains reprints of several important papers that illustrate various aspects of solid state maser. Physicists will find the book useful.

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J. W. Orton, D. H. Paxman, J. C. Walling, D. Ter Haar

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Bibliographic Guide to Refrigeration 19651968

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Bibliographic Guide to Refrigeration 1965-1968 is a bibliographic guide to all the documents abstracted in the International Institute of Refrigeration Bulletin during the period 1965-1968. The references include nearly 7,000 reports, articles, and communications, classified according to subjects, and followed by a listing of books.  This book is divided into 10 parts and begins with a listing of references on thermodynamics, heat transfer, and other basic physical phenomena relating to refrigeration, including desiccation and measurements of temperature, humidity, and pressure. The next sections are devoted to the physics of low temperatures and cryogenics; production and distribution of cold; refrigerating plants (mainly in the food domain); and refrigerated transport and packaging. Other references deal with air conditioning and heat pumps; and industrial, biological, medical, and agricultural applications of refrigeration. The final section focuses on standards and regulations, economics and statistics, and education and trade activities in the refrigeration industry.   This guide is intended to assist researchers, engineers, manufacturers, and operators who are in either constant or occasional contact with the refrigeration domain.

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Based on Papers and Discussions at a Symposium Held at the Welsh Plant Breeding Station Near Aberystwyth on March 13th, 1968

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Weather Economics presents the papers and discussions at a symposium held at the Welsh Plant Breeding Station on March 13, 1968. The book discusses the cost of British weather; the effect of the weather on farm organization and farm management; and the weather and machinery work-days. The text also describes the basic frost, irrigation and degree-day data for planning purpose; the variations in the marginal value of agricultural labor due to weather factors; and the areal patterns in the value of early potato production in Southwest Wales in 1967. The weather and risk in forestry, as well as the use of cost/benefit studies in the interpretation of probability forecasts for agriculture and industry are also encompassed.

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Proceedings of the International Conference on Silicon Carbide, University Park, Pennsylvania, October 20-23, 1968

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Silicon Carbide  1968 presents the proceedings of the International Conference on Silicon Carbide held in University Park, Pennsylvania on October 20-23, 1968.   The book covers papers about the perspectives on silicon carbide; several problems in the development of silicon carbide semiconductors, such as the control of crystal structure and analysis. The thermal properties of beta-silicon carbide from 20 to 2000 degrees and the influence of impurities on the growth of silicon carbide crystals in chemical reactions and by recrystallization are also discussed. The book then presents papers about silicon carbide single crystal growth using the Norton process; the principles of solution and traveling solvent growth of silicon carbide; the growth of silicon carbide from cobalt-silicon solutions; and the growth of silicon carbide from vapor by the Bridgman-Stockbarger method.  Papers about the growth of crystals and epitaxial layers of beta silicon carbide; the heteroepitaxy of beta-silicon carbide employing liquid metals; some aspects of disorder in silicon carbide; and the dependence of physical properties on polytype structure are also considered. The book describes topics about the optical properties of polytypes of silicon carbide as well as the phase stability of silicon carbide against nitrogen. Other papers about the physical and electronic properties of silicon carbide are also discussed in the book.  People involved in semiconductor industries will find the book helpful.

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The Commonwealth and International Library: Pergamon Educational Guides

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Guide to the Sixth Form is a book that addresses the educational needs of sixth formers.   The book starts by introducing the influence of sixth formers and their role as schoolmasters, doctors, lawyers, and other professionals in British society. The author traces the establishment and growth of the sixth form or stage of education. The author points out the usual academic path taken by the sixth form, by passing tests conducted at O-level, and then proceeding onto the university level. Since other sixth formers are shown as not desiring to go onto the university level, the author asks whether the notion of a sixth form is still worth continuing in a changing modern British society. The Crowther Report is then cited as a way to understand this dilemma. The necessity for a university education and entry to other institutions of higher education is also analyzed as a sort of academic extensions of the sixth form. The degree of government assistance rendered to different students is noted, with focus on the state of financial dependence or independence for the sixth form student.   The text can be of interest for a great majority of parents, school administrators, and government education officials.

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D. P. M. Michael, I. R. Maxwell, F. H. Pedley

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Trends in Geography: An Introductory Survey reviews trends in geography, including physical geography, human geography, and applied geography. Topics covered include progress in geomorphology, meteorology, climatology, hydrology, historical geography, transport geography, and industrial geography, along with the geography of rural settlements and the ecology of agricultural systems. The importance of geography in area studies is also discussed.  This book is comprised of 26 chapters and begins by tracing developments in the field of geography, followed by a discussion on the study of soils in geography and the economic geography of agriculture. The following chapters explore the diversity of urban geography; the role of geography in physical planning and economic planning; planning studies in rural areas; and geographical research on local government. A cultural and historical perspective in area studies is presented by citing the case of Latin America. The final chapter is devoted to geographical studies of developing areas, focusing on the case of tropical Africa.  This monograph will be of interest to teachers, students, and practitioners of geography.

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Symposia of The Society for The Study of Human Biology

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Symposia of the Society for the Study of Human Biology, Volume 9: Human Ecology in the Tropics covers papers related to the impact of human on the natural ecosystems in tropical countries.   The volume presents papers about the operation of typical plant-soil systems in relation to human activity in West Africa; the interrelationships of habitat, economy, and society among three Guiana people; tropical health; and the use and production of tropical food potentials. The book also describes papers about the ecology of African schistosomiasis, as well as the interaction between the trypanosome-tsetse-wild fauna ecosystem and the surrounding human communities of southern Busoga in Uganda. The volume concludes by discussing the development of young children in a West African village.   Ecologists and biologists will find the book invaluable.

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The School Teacher in England and the United States

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The School Teacher in England and the United States: The Findings of Empirical Research presents the results of empirical studies that look into what makes school teachers distinct from other people in England and the United States. This book examines a number of critical questions, such as the teachers' family backgrounds, their motives for becoming teachers, or how they ought to behave in and out of school as oppose to how other sections of the community want them to, or anticipate that they will behave.  This monograph is comprised of 10 chapters and begins by comparing the educational settings in England and America. The discussion then turns to the role that society is assumed to expect teachers to fulfill in terms of emancipation, achievement, societal values and norms, role commitment, cognitive or technical skills, role responsibility, manpower selection and allocation, and home-school liaison. The empirical evidence on society's view of what role the teachers should play is then presented, along with a typology of incompatibilities inherent in teacher role. The remaining chapters explore the teachers' expressed motivation in career choice; the stages at which people choose teaching; teacher effectiveness and career satisfaction; and the teachers' professional status. The final chapter outlines some policy alternatives for addressing the training and supply of teachers.  This text will be of interest to teachers, school administrators, and educational policymakers.

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R. K. Kelsall, Helen M. Kelsall, Edmund King

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Proceedings of the Symposium on Interdisciplinary Aspects of Radiative Energy Transfer

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Radiative Energy Transfer presents the proceedings of the symposium on interdisciplinary aspects of radiative energy transfer held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on February 24-26, 1966. The book includes topics on the two main classical directions of radiative transfer: diagnostic techniques and energy exchanges. The text also covers topics on molecular band models, inversion techniques, scattering problems, and shock-wave structure. Topics on high-speed shocks, stellar atmospheres, and meteorology are also encompassed.

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Robert Goulard, Sinclaire M. Scala, Richard N. Thomas

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Ilya Ehrenburg: Selections from People, Years, Life covers volumes of the memoirs of Ilya Ehrenburg, a Soviet writer who witnessed the major historical events both at home and abroad or of making the acquaintance of so many of the leading figures. The book describes the Russian culture of the earlier decades and several popular Russian writers and artists, including Sergei Yesenin, Vladimir Mayakovskii, Andrei Belyi, Andrei Remizov, and Vsevolod Meyerhol'd. The text also covers memoirs of Boris Pasternak Alexander Tairov, Marina Tsvetayeva, Osip Mandel'shtam, Isaak Babel, and Robert Falk. The events during the purge of Jewish culture and during the eve of World War 2 are also covered in the book. Readers and historians interested in topics about the important aspects of Soviet culture will find the book useful.

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The Commonwealth and International Library: Physics Division

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Dealing with Data is an introductory course to problems and techniques dealing with data analysis, with emphasis on the physical and engineering sciences.   The book starts with the basics of data analysis through non-statistical and non-mathematical assessments of error and uncertainty conditions. Experimental and maximum errors and the use of simple graphical methods are briefly described. Applying quick methods on data analysis such as frequency distributions, determination of standard errors, and applications of significance tests are explained. Special attention is given to the statistical quick methods where the range is preferred to traditional methods of calculation. The author notes that the quick methods have more practical applications in physics and engineering. The use of the quick methods of calculation is more precise in error estimation, confidence limits, and tests for outliers that the error is very negligible when applied to actual conditions. Dealing with errors of computation arising from rounding of values, and those arising from the use of slide rules and of the logarithm tables, is explained. The use of numerical methods (integration, differentiation, and interpolation) and graphical methods (like curve fitting) is briefly explained, with the author's emphasis on choosing the simpler methods.   Sixth formers, engineering undergraduates, statisticians, and students of mathematics will find the information in this book useful.