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The Commonwealth and International Library: Pergamon Oxford German Division

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Peter Willig, C. V. Russell, W. D. Halls

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The Costs of Further Education: A British Analysis offers a critique of the organization of further education in Britain, especially education provided in technical colleges. Emphasis is placed on how the resources allocated to education should be divided among various alternatives.  This volume consists of nine chapters organized into three sections. After an overview of further education in Britain, the reader is introduced to the financial costs of providing education courses. The use of information on average costs to estimate marginal financial costs is discussed, along with the imputed costs of student time and the factors that affect the distribution of total cost between various groups. The chapters that follow focus on benefits and their relationship to costs for various courses, along with the principle for project selection. The method of obtaining the cross-section age-earning profiles is described. The concluding chapter includes a summary statement of the present situation and a suggestion for reform.  This book is a valuable resource for educators, administrators, and policy planners involved or are interested in British further education.

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How to Find Out About the Victorian Period

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How to Find Out About the Victorian Period: A Guide to Sources of Information focuses on the Victorian period of Great Britain.  The book first discusses the study of the Victorian period and general guides to the literature. The use of books, periodical articles, theses, and bibliographies in the study of this period in British history is emphasized.  The text underscores the value of Victorian periodicals and newspapers in the study of the Victorian period. Guides to special collections and source materials on this period are discussed. These include guides to collection of books and manuscripts, libraries and their collections, archives and manuscripts, and government publications.  The book also presents guides to the study of the Victorian church. These include encyclopedias and dictionaries, biographical works, and theses. Guides on the kind of education, development of science, visual arts, music, and literature of the Victorian period are also described.  The text is a fine reference for readers who are interested in British history, particularly the Victorian era.

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British Commercial Computer Digest, Eleventh Edition lists the current computers available in Britain including the peripheral equipments used either on-line or off-line. It also gives information on manufacturers and selling organizations of the listed computers. This book also presents a table of memory storage capacity and types of the computers, as well as computers installed in Great Britain and their users. Lastly, lists of all world-wide known computers with number installed are also provided.  This book gives sensible guidance on the computers in Great Britain, viewed through professional eyes, under increasingly complex conditions.

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International Series in Natural Philosophy, Volume 1

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Theoretical Solid State Physics, Volume 1 focuses on the study of solid state physics.  The volume first takes a look at the basic concepts and structures of solid state physics, including potential energies of solids, concept and classification of solids, and crystal structure. The book then explains single-electron approximation wherein the methods for calculating energy bands; electron in the field of crystal atoms; laws of motion of the electrons in solids; and electron statistics are discussed.  The text describes general forms of solutions and relationships, including collective electron interactions, Hartree-Fock and Heitler-London methods, and electron-electron scattering. The volume also reviews the magnetic properties of solids. Paramagnetism and diamagnetism of free electrons, solids, and atoms; behavior of electrons in a magnetic field; and basic concepts of magnetism are discussed.  The book also considers the dielectric properties of solids and dynamics of crystal lattices.  The volume is a dependable source of data for readers interested in solid state physics.

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An Exploration of Psychoanalytical Theories of Human Nature and Their Implications for Culture and Education

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Human Hope and the Death Instinct: An Exploration of Psychoanalytical Theories of Human Nature and their Implications for Culture and Education focuses on the study of human nature.  The manuscript first offers information on psychology as a form of philosophical anthropology and reactions against the Freudian theory, including the origins of love and hate, death instinct, and metapsychology and negation. The book then discusses human nature and the development of object-relations psychology. Topics include the theories of W. R. D. Fairbairn on love and structure of personality; relationships of psychology, poetry, and science; Fairbairns analysis of the logic of hate; and Melanie Kleins concept of phantasy and aggression.  The text evaluates the relationships of identity and social theory, education, culture, and moral development, as well as amorality, progress, and democracy. The manuscript also discusses the connection of psychoanalysis and existentialism, including Jean-Paul Sartres concept of freedom and R. D. Laings position on existentialism.  The book is a vital source of data for readers wanting to study human nature.

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The Commonwealth and International Library: Libraries and Technical Information Division

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How to Find Out in Iron and Steel focuses on guides in conducting research on the manufacture and applications of iron and steel.  The book first emphasizes the role of information services and libraries, literature guides, bibliographies, and periodicals in finding information on iron and steel. Topics include guides to sources of information; select lists of books and sources of information on books; and lists of periodicals. The manuscript then takes a look at the functions of periodical indexing and abstracting services in accessing information, including services dealing with science and technology; services solely focusing on iron and steel; and services dealing with the manufacture of iron and steel.  The text also discusses the contributions of handbooks, dictionaries, monographs, treatises, textbooks, and standard works in conducting research on the two elements. English dictionaries that focus on a specific aspect of iron and steel technology, mechanical working, foundry practice, heat treatment, and mechanical properties and testing are underscored.  The book also explains the different standards used in the manufacture and testing of iron and steel.  The manuscript is a dependable reference for readers wanting to conduct research on the manufacture and applications of iron and steel.

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The Commonwealth and International Library: Mechanical Engineering Division

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General Engineering Science in SI Units, Volume 2 focuses on engineering science.  The volume first offers information on concurrent forces, including calculation of the resultant of two mutually perpendicular forces; equilibrium of a system of coplanar, concurrent forces; resolution and notation of forces; and equilibrium on a smooth inclined plane. The text then discusses velocity and acceleration. Topics include average velocity during uniformly accelerated motion; compounding and resolution of velocities; relative and angular velocities; and the relation of angular and linear velocities.  The book takes a look at force and motion, power and energy, and strength of materials, including Newton's laws of motion, mass and inertia, power, efficiency, torque, elasticity, and ultimate strength. The volume also touches on heat and electricity. Topics include coefficient of cubical expansion of solids and liquids; maximum density of water; electromotive force and potential difference; and effect of temperature change on resistance. Electromagnetism and electronic induction are also discussed.  The text is a primary reference for readers interested in engineering science.

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International Series of Monographs in Nuclear Energy

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International Series of Monographs in Nuclear Energy, Volume 107: Radioisotope Instruments, Part 1 focuses on the design and applications of instruments based on the radiation released by radioactive substances.  The book first offers information on the physical basis of radioisotope instruments; technical and economic advantages of radioisotope instruments; and radiation hazard. The manuscript then discusses commercial radioisotope instruments, including radiation sources and detectors, computing and control units, and measuring heads.  The text describes the applications of radioisotope instruments in the industries, including mining and quarrying; agriculture, forestry, and fishing; manufacturing industries; transport and communications; and civil engineering constructions. The manuscript also focuses on legislation and codes of practice on the use of sealed radioisotope sources and control of radiation hazard.  The book is a dependable reference for readers interested in radioisotope instruments.

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J. F. Cameron, C. G. Clayton, D. J. Silverleaf

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The Commonwealth and International Library: Commonwealth Affairs Division

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The Commonwealth at Work examines the nature of the widely varied machinery which is at work within the Commonwealth trying to promote cooperation between the member countries on all levels and in many different spheres, including higher education. It describes the Commonwealth Secretariat and its functions in theory and practice, along with the Commonwealth Foundation, the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, and the Commonwealth's economic machinery, including the Commonwealth Liaison Committee and the Commonwealth Development Corporation.  This book consists of 10 chapters and opens with a discussion on how the Commonwealth machinery that exists can grow and be more effectively used for the good of the 800 million people of all the member nations, as well as the consultation and cooperation that occur among those nations. The rRegional groupings in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean are considered, together with the Heads of Government conferences. The following chapters focus on the functions of the Commonwealth Secretariat and Commonwealth's relationship with the United Nations; the Commonwealth Foundation; the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association; and the Commonwealth Institute and its relation with the Royal Commonwealth Society. Some areas of cooperation among Commonwealth states are examined, including higher education, medicine, and communication and the arts.   This monograph will be of interest to political scientists, politicians, government officials, and students and practitioners in the field of international relations.

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Derek Ingram, Kenneth Bradley, D. Taylor

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International Series of Monographs in Natural Philosophy

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International Series of Monographs in Natural Philosophy, Volume 32: Random Functions and Turbulence focuses on the use of random functions as mathematical methods.  The manuscript first offers information on the elements of the theory of random functions. Topics include determination of statistical moments by characteristic functions; functional transformations of random variables; multidimensional random variables with spherical symmetry; and random variables and distribution functions. The book then discusses random processes and random fields, including stationarity and ergodicity of random processes; influence of finiteness of the interval of averaging; scalar and vector random fields; and statistical moments.  The text takes a look at the statistical theory of turbulence. Topics include turbulence with very large Reynolds numbers; emergence of turbulent motion; and energy spectrum in isothermal turbulent shear flow. The book also discusses small-scale and large-scale atmospheric turbulence and applications to numerical weather analysis and prediction.  The manuscript is a vital source of data for readers interested in random theory.

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The Commonwealth and International Library: Electrical Engineering Division

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Electronics for Technicians covers the basic fundamentals of electronics, including the operation of devices and circuits. The book is meant to help the technician to obtain numerical answers to actual circuit problems.  This volume consists of seven chapters, the first of which introduces the reader to the basic rules for circuits containing resistive and reactive elements. Charge and discharge of a capacitor through a resistor is discussed, along with charge and discharge of an inductance through a resistance, application of sinusoidal voltages to simple networks, and series and parallel LCR circuits. The chapters that follow focus on the simple construction and operation of vacuum and semiconductor rectifier devices capable of amplifying alternating signals, uses of transistors and valves in amplifier circuits, and power supplies. Negative and positive feedback is also considered, with particular emphasis on circuit descriptions  of the more common oscillator types that produce or do not produce sinusoidal waves. The book concludes with a chapter on laboratory test equipment such as cathode-ray oscilloscopes, alternating current electronic voltmeters, low-frequency signal generators, and Q-meters.     This book is written specifically for technicians in the electrical engineering industry.

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A Course of Mathematics for Engineerings and Scientists

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A Course of Mathematics for Engineers and Scientists, Volume 2 continues the course of pure and applied mathematics for undergraduate science and engineering students. It contains further examples and exercises from examination papers from Oxford University, Cambridge University, and the University of London.  The topics covered in this book include differential equations, linear equations, matrices and determinants, vector algebra and coordinate geometry, and differentiation and integration of functions of two or more variables.  This book is intended as a reference for students taking science and engineering courses at British and Commonwealth Universities.

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School and Community discusses a research project that surveys the role of the school in the community as seen by students and their parents and community agencies. It identifies several factors that influence the conceptions and attitudes of students and parents towards education and in particular, the efficacy of contact and communication between schools and parents.  This book begins by describing the two schools that participated in the survey and identifying the survey methods that were carried out to collect information.  After presenting data on parents' occupations and work ambitions of the students, it discusses the implications of contact and communication between parents and school. Finally, this book investigates the views of community agencies concerning the schools' interaction with them.   Teachers who are confronted with problems of communication with parents and community agencies will find this text useful.

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The Commonwealth and International Library: Structures and Solid Body Mechanics Division

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Engineering Plasticity deals with certain features of the theory of plasticity that can be applied to engineering design. Topics covered range from specification of an ideal plastic material to the behavior of structures made of idealized elastic-plastic material, theorems of plastic theory, and rotating discs, along with torsion, indentation problems, and slip-line fields.   This book consists of 12 chapters and begins by providing an engineering background for the theory of plasticity, with emphasis on the use of metals in structural engineering; the nature of physical theories; and the conceptual simplicity and power of plastic theory. The next chapter explains how to set up a model of the plastic behavior of metal for use in analysis and design of structures and forming processes, paying particular attention to the plastic deformation that occurs when a specimen of metal is stressed. Subsequent chapters focus on the behavior of a simple structure made of elastic-plastic material; theorems of plastic theory; rotating discs; and indentation problems. Torsion, slip-line fields, and circular plates under transverse loading are also discussed, together with wire-drawing and extrusion and the effects of changes in geometry on structure.  This monograph is written primarily for engineering students.

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Sir Edward Appleton G.B.E., K.C.B., F.R.S.

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Sir Edward Appleton G.B.E., K.C.B., F.R.S is a 12-chapter text about the life of Sir Edward Appleton. Born on September 6, 1892, Sir Edward Appleton was a Principal of the Edinburgh University, a Bradford man himself, Nobel prize-winner, and a distinguished scientist who has first mapped the ionosphere, the invisible outer shell of the earths atmosphere whose existence makes long-range radio reception possible.  The opening chapters of the book cover the early life of Appleton, from his struggles in college to his post-war Cambridge experience. The following chapter discusses how Sir Edward Appleton discovered the ionosphere, naming its upper layer  the Appleton Layer. The discussion then shifts to Appletons administrative duties, naming him the youngest professor in England. This book also relates Appletons part of the Polar Year investigation in Norway, his investigation on the possible link between geomagnetic and ionospheric phenomena, and his secretaryship duties in the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. Other chapters focus on the post-war contributions of Sir Edward Appleton, devoting his research to post-war problems and restructuring. These chapters also look into Appletons appointment as Edinburghs Principal and Vice-Chancellor and eventually as an elder statesman. The concluding chapter covers his retirement from administrative duties in Edinburgh.

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Steady Electric Fields and Currents, Volume 1 is an introductory text to electromagnetism and potential theory. This book starts with the fields associated with stationary charges and unravels the stationary condition to allow consideration of the flow of steady currents in closed circuits.  The opening chapter discusses the experimental results that require mathematical explanation and discussion, particularly those referring to phenomena that question the validity of the simple Newtonian concepts of space and time. The subsequent chapters consider steady-state fields, electrostatics, dielectrics, energy theorems, and uniqueness theorems. The concluding chapter examines the steady flow of electric currents in closed circuits.  Undergraduate students with electromagnetism course will greatly benefit from this book.

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B. H. Chirgwin, C. Plumpton, C. W. Kilmister

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Advances in SolidLiquid Flow in Pipes and Its Application

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Advances in Solid-Liquid Flow in Pipes and its Application focuses on solid-liquid interactions.  The selection first takes a look at hydraulic transport of bulky materials and role of lift in the radial migration of particles in a pipe flow. Topics include the technological and economical considerations of transporting materials; lift model and the equations of motion; coefficients of lift and drag; and calculated behavior of particles in a pipe flow. The book then discusses particle and fluid velocities of turbulent flows of suspensions of neutrally buoyant particles; phase-separation phenomena in iso-density, two-phase flows; and transient flow of solid-liquid mixtures in pipes.  The text discusses pipeline transportation of coke in petroleum products, including slurry components, hydraulic tests, and hydraulic characteristics of slurry. The book then evaluates the use of heavy media in the pipeline transport of particulate solids. Comparison of pressure gradients and equipment and experimental procedures are highlighted.  The selection is a valuable reference for readers interested in solid-liquid interactions.

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International Series of Monographs on Analytical Chemistry

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Organic Polarographic Analysis deals with the applications of polarography in the analysis of organic compounds. The principles, techniques, and apparatus of organic polarography are discussed, and some selected examples of the applications of organic polarography in various fields of applied chemistry are presented. The direct methods in which the sample is simply dissolved in a suitable supporting electrolyte are also considered.  This book consists of 11 chapters and opens with an overview of the basic principles of the polarographic method of analysis, as well as the different types of polarographic limiting currents and of electrode processes. The reader is then introduced to the instruments used in polarography, including the polarograph, dropping and reference electrodes, and electrolysis vessels. Experimental techniques in organic polarography are also described, along with some of its practical applications in fields such as pharmacy, medicine, and biochemistry. Subsequent chapters explore polarographic methods used in the analysis of organic substances, including direct and indirect methods of analysis; separation techniques; and the use of polarography in organic synthesis and isolation of natural products.  This monograph is written primarily for organic and analytical chemists.

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The Commonwealth and International Library: Selected Readings in Physics

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Nineteenth-Century Aether Theories focuses on aether theories.  The selection first offers information on the development of aether theories by taking into consideration the positions of Christiaan Huygens, Thomas Young, and Augustin Fresnel. The text then examines the elastic solid aether. Concerns include Greens aether theory, MacCullagh's aether theory, and Kelvin's aether theory.  The text also reviews Lorentz aether and electron theory. The development of Lorentz ideas of the stagnant aether and electrons; Lorentz' theorem of corresponding states and its development; and Lorentz' response to the Michelson-Morley experiment are discussed.  The book discusses the relative motion of the earth and the luminiferous aether and laws of the reflection and refraction of light at the common surface of two non-crystallized media. The text also focuses on the electrical and optical phenomena in moving bodies; simplified theory of electrical and optical phenomena in moving systems; and rotational aether in its application to electromagnetism.  The selection is a dependable reference for readers wanting to study aether theories.