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Solvent Extraction in Flame Spectroscopic Analysis

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Solvent Extraction in Flame Spectroscopic Analysis provides an introductory discussion on the technique of solvent extraction in flame spectrometry. The book is comprised of six chapters the cover the various aspects and applications of solvent extraction.  The text first covers the role of solvent extraction in flame spectrometric analysis, and then proceeds to describing the solvent suitable for flame spectrometry. Next, the book discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of the solvent extraction technique. The text also covers the application of the technique on various elements.   The book will be of great use to researchers and professionals who require a good understanding of the various techniques in spectrometry.

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Plant Proteins is a compendium of papers discussing, in general, plant proteins as materials for human foods, and in particular, the properties, biosynthesis, deposition of reserves in seeds, undesirable factors, production, and nutritional aspects of plant proteins in the food industry. Some papers review the properties and biosynthesis of plant proteins, the synthesis of chloroplast proteins, and legume seed proteins. Other papers discuss the development of protein reserves in seeds, as well as the toxicity and antagonistic actions in relation to amino acid and protein synthesis. One paper examines the world supply and demand for sources of protein from three plant sources, namely cereals, oilseeds, and legumes. Another paper discusses the capabilities of certain species of micro-organisms to synthesize from a few simple raw materials all the main components needed in the diet of a human or a farm animal. One paper notes that the acceptance of plant protein foods in society depends on their presentation, flavor, texture, appearance, identity, and product name. This compendium will benefit agronomists, agriculturists, biochemists, microbiologists, nutritionists, botanists, chemists, economists, food scientists, physicists and plant breeders.

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Mammalian Cell Membranes, Volume Two: The Diversity of Membranes is a collection of reviews focusing on to specific types of intra- and extracellular membranes.  The compendium contains 10 contributions devoted to the review of mammalian cell membranes. The topics covered in the book include the organization of the plasma membrane of mammalian cells, membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and the secretory system and their role in plasma membrane regulation, and the structure of mitochondrial membranes. The nuclear envelope in mammalian cells, the myelin sheath, and the microvilli and cilia are also discussed.  Cytologists, molecular biologists, biochemists, and anatomists will find the book very useful.

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Valency and Molecular Structure, Fourth Edition provides a comprehensive historical background and experimental foundations of theories and methods relating to valency and molecular structures.  In this edition, the chapter on Bohr theory has been removed while some sections, such as structures of crystalline solids, have been expanded. Details of structures have also been revised and extended using the best available values for bond lengths and bond angles. Recent developments are mostly noted in the chapter on complex compounds, while a new chapter has been added to serve as an introduction to the spectroscopy of complex compounds.  Other topics include the experimental foundation of the quantum theory; molecular-orbital method; ionic, hydrogen, and metallic bonds; structures of some simple inorganic compounds; and electronic spectra of transition-metal complexes.  This publication is a useful reference for undergraduate students majoring in chemistry and other affiliated science subjects.

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Constitutive Equations for Polymer Melts and Solutions

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Butterworths Series in Chemical Engineering

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Constitutive Equations for Polymer Melts and Solutions presents a description of important constitutive equations for stress and birefringence in polymer melts, as well as in dilute and concentrated solutions of flexible and rigid polymers, and in liquid crystalline materials.  The book serves as an introduction and guide to constitutive equations, and to molecular and phenomenological theories of polymer motion and flow. The chapters in the text discuss topics on the flow phenomena commonly associated with viscoelasticity; fundamental elementary models for understanding the rheology of melts, solutions of flexible polymers, and advanced constitutive equations; melts and concentrated solutions of flexible polymer; and the rheological properties of real liquid crystal polymers.  Chemical engineers and physicists will find the text very useful.

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Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition 1978

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Studies in the Agricultural and Food Sciences

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Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition-1978 is a collection of papers that tackles various topics concerning livestock feeding. The book presents a total of 12 materials that cover different livestock, particularly poultry, pigs, and dairy cows.  The text first covers poultry feeding related topics, such as the factors affecting amino acid requirements of meat birds; protein-energy interactions in broiler and turkey rations; and nutrition-disease interactions of leg weakness in poultry. Next, the book tackles pig feeding concerns, including amino acid nutrition of the pig; energy requirements of the growing pig; and processing and preparation of cereals for pig diets. The remaining chapters discuss topics relevant to dairy cow diet, such as ratios for high-yielding dairy cows; concentrate feeding of dairy cows; and complete-diet feeding of dairy cows.   The text will be most useful to both researchers and practitioners of animal related disciplines, such as agriculture and veterinary medicine.

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Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition  1980

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Studies in the Agricultural and Food Sciences

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Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition  1980 is a collection of papers that deals with the nutritional concerns of both ruminants and non-ruminants livestock. The book presents a total of 13 papers that cover various issues in animal husbandry.  The first half of the text deals with ruminant nutrition. The coverage of this part includes feed input-milk output relationships in the autumn-calving dairy cow; microbial protein synthesis and digestion in the high-yielding dairy cow; and the contribution of undegraded protein to the protein requirements of dairy cows. Next, the book covers studies related to non-ruminant nutrition, such as energy and protein nutrition of the sow; a bioeconomic model of turkey production; and feeding the replacement pullet.  The text will be most useful to both researchers and practitioners of animal related disciplines, such agriculture and veterinary medicine.

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Kinetics and Dynamics of Elementary Gas Reactions

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Butterworths Monographs in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

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Kinetics and Dynamics of Elementary Gas Reactions surveys the state of modern knowledge on elementary gas reactions to understand natural phenomena in terms of molecular behavior.  Part 1 of this book describes the theoretical and conceptual background of elementary gas-phase reactions, emphasizing the assumptions and limitations of each theoretical approach, as well as its strengths. In Part 2, selected experimental results are considered to demonstrate the scope of present day techniques and illustrate the application of the theoretical ideas introduced in Part 1.  This publication is intended primarily for working kineticists and chemists, but is also beneficial to graduate students.

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Basic Water and Wastewater Treatment discusses the water cycle, flow measurement, physical treatment processes, chemical treatment processes, biological treatment process, and sludge handling and treatment. The book also describes the use of the BASIC computer program to calculate problems involving water pollutants. Flow measurements involve the use of a gauging structure, velocity measurements of a known cross-section, or dilution gauging. To evaluate, in quantitative terms, the effects of a certain pollutant discharged and received by a body of water, the investigator can employ a tool in chemical dilution gaugingthe mass balance analysis. Many microorganisms, organic and inorganic compounds degrade in a natural process of self-purification; their decay can be modeled as an exponential function. One standard of water treatment facility or wastewater treatment plant cannot be built to deal with all the various components of water pollution. The book cites relevant standards such as the EC Directive 80/778/EEC: "Quality of Water Intended for Human Consumption" in the EU; the "Safe Drinking Water Act" in the U.S.A.; and the "Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality" issued by the World Health Organization. The book describes water quality parameters, water supply sources, and wastewater collection, including its treatment and disposal.

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Environmental Engineering, Second Edition is an introductory book on environmental engineering, which includes materials important to environmental engineers: water resources, air quality, solid and hazardous wastes (including radioactive waste), noise, and social and ethical considerations.  The text begins with a short introduction on the roots of environmental engineering and presents the concept of risk and safety. The following chapters are devoted to discussions on such topics as sources of water pollution, measurement of water quality, wastewater treatment, quantities and characteristics of municipal solid waste, and solid and hazardous waste law. The types of air pollutants, air pollution control, and noise measurement and control are dealt with in detail as well. The last chapter covers the topic on environmental ethics.  This book will be of use to junior or senior level engineering students.

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P Aarne Vesilind, J. Jeffrey Peirce, Ruth F. Weiner

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Granular Filtration of Aerosols and Hydrosols

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Butterworths Series in Chemical Engineering

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Granular Filtration of Aerosols and Hydrosols is concerned with the fundamental aspects of granular filtration of both liquid and gas suspensions.  This book takes a unifying approach to the treatment of granular aerosol and hydrosol filtration. The text begins with the introduction of the process of granular filtration and its various applications. Subsequent chapters discuss the aspects of filtration, such as, the macroscopic description of fixed-bed granular filtration; the methods for making representations based on various porous media models for both clean and clogged filter media; the mechanisms of particle deposition; and the trajectory analysis of particle deposition. The final chapter presents and discusses case studies which deal with predicting and calculating the dynamic behavior of granular filtration of hydrosols and aerosols.   Researchers in granular filtration and graduate students dealing with separation technology will find the book highly useful.

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Steel and its Heat Treatment: Bofors Handbook describes the fundamental metallographic concepts, materials testing, hardenability, heat treatment, and dimensional changes that occur during the hardening and tempering stages of steel. The book explains the boundaries separating the grain contents of steel, which are the low-angle grain boundaries, the high-angle grain boundaries, and the twinning boundaries. Engineers can determine the hardenability of steel through the Grossman test or the Jominy End-Quench test. Special hardening and tempering methods are employed for steel that are going to be fabricated into tools. The different methods of hardening are manual hardening for a small surface (the tip of a screw); spin hardening for objects with a rotational symmetry (gears with 5 modules or less); and progressive hardening (or a combination with spin hardening) for flat surfaces. The hardening and tempering processes cause changes in size and shape of the substance. The text presents examples of dimensional changes during the hardening and tempering of tool steels such as those occurring in plain-carbon steels and low-alloy steels. The book is a source of reliable information needed by engineers, tool and small equipment designers, as well as by metallurgists, structural, and mechanical engineers.

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Information Sources for Research and Development

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Use of Mathematical Literature discusses the bibliographic concerns of mathematical literature. The book is comprised of 14 chapters that cover characteristics of mathematical literature and provide reviews of some of the major literature in various mathematical fields.

The text first discusses the role of the literature in mathematics, and then proceeds to tackling major organizations, journals, and reference materials. Next, the book provides critical accounts of the major literature in various mathematical fields, such as combinatorics, topology, and mathematical programming. The book will be of great use to students, practitioners, and researchers of mathematics. Other profession handling math literature, such as teachers, librarians, and translators will also find this book invaluable.

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Adsorption Processes for Water Treatment

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Adsorption Processes for Water Treatment discusses the application of adsorption in water purification. The book is comprised of 10 chapters that detail the carbon and resin adsorptive processes for potable water treatment.  The text first covers the elements of surface chemistry and then proceeds to discussing adsorption models. Chapter 3 tackles the kinetics of adsorption, while Chapter 4 deals with batch systems and fixed fluid beds. Next, the book talks about the physical and chemical properties of carbon. The next two chapters discuss the adsorption of organic compounds and the removal of inorganic compounds, respectively. The eighth chapter presents operational, pilot plant, and case studies. Chapter 9 discusses the biological activated carbon treatment of drinking water, and Chapter 10 covers the adsorption of macroreticular resins.  The book will be of great use to both researchers and professionals involved in the research and development of water treatment process.

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SteroidCell Interactions describes the processes involved in the intracellular binding of steroids (and related compounds) in mammalian cells. Serum binding proteins and steroid-immunoglobulin interaction are also discussed, along with the relationship of these binding processes to the biological action of the steroid.  This book consists of 10 chapters and begins by presenting an elementary account of the factors contributing to the interaction between a steroid hormone and another molecule. The discussion then turns to the three types of methods used to study the interaction between steroids and tissue receptors: cell fractionation, autoradiography, and the separation of specifically and non-specifically bound steroids. The next chapter deals with the metabolism of steroid hormones in relation to their binding and mechanism of action, focusing on testosterone and progesterone. The reader is also introduced to the intracellular binding of androgens, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and estrogens and to how binding is related to biological activity. The final chapter reviews the clinical and immunological data relevant to steroid-protein binding.  This text will be of interest to students and practitioners of biology, biochemistry, and physiology.

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Pig Production in Australia is a comprehensive book that presents the aspects and advances on Australian pig production.   The text contains chapters on a very wide variety of topics relevant to the pig production industry. There are sections on production aspects of the industry such as genetics, reproduction, marketing, education and training and financial management. There is a comprehensive section on health and disease aspects. Other sections relevant to consumers such as the nutritional value and quality of pig meat and those factors which influence them are detailed. There is also coverage of important issues such as housing, waste disposal, the use of agricultural and veterinary chemicals, and animal welfare.  The book will be invaluable to pig producers, academics and researchers, and extension workers.

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Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers

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Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers: 7 is a collection of papers dealing with horse nutrition and ruminant nutrition. This collection of papers is divided in four parts. Part 1 deals with the evaluation of the dietary needs of ruminants, finding the need to replace their feeding systems by replacing the starch equivalent system with the metabolizable energy system. Feed and energy value calculation are likewise explained where metabolizable energy (ME) is shown to be easily calculated with reference to the Agricultural Research Council system and later analyses. Observations on the efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy in meat and milk follow, as feeding not only involves the efficient use of energy from the feed but also of nutritional contents and composition of the feed.   Practical application and calculation are then discussed to achieve best practices. In Parts 2 and 3, the evaluation of the dietary energy for pigs, poultry nutrition, food intake of practice broilers and laying fowl, and formulation problems are discussed. Part 4 discusses horse nutrition with detailed descriptions of the anatomy of the digestive tract, digestion and absorption of nutrients, and the horses' protein requirement. Energy requirements for the maintenance, growth, and reproduction of the horse using calculations based on the National Research Council basal allowance is discussed.   Students and professors of veterinary medicine, stable owners, horse feed manufacturers, horse enthusiasts and equestrians will find this volume helpful.

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Mammalian Cell Membranes, Volume 5: Responses of Plasma Membranes compiles broadly based reviews of specific areas of plasma membranes and introduces concepts and techniques from non-mammalian systems that may be useful in the application to eukaryotic cells.  This book discusses about the turnover of mammalian surface membranes; influence of the solute environment on membrane; effects of hydrostatic pressure and radiation on cell membranes; and stimulation by hormones and regulation by nucleotides of adenylyl cyclases. Other topics include endocytosis; cell surface and growth in vitro; membranes and aging; host cell membranes in animal virus reproduction; and cytoplasmic membranes in somatic cell interaction and hybridization.  This volume aims to provide a background of information and stimulation of interest to specialists and generalists working on mammalian cell membranes.

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Antibiotics and Antibiosis in Agriculture

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Antibiotics and Antibiosis in Agriculture: With Special Reference to Synergism is a collection of papers dealing with the properties of penicillins, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, as well as the synergistic combinations of these and other antibacterial substances. One paper discusses issues regarding antibiotics such as the sufficiency of supply, the need for more and new antibiotics, and the period of obsolescence of antibiotics. Another paper explains the use of pairs of agents as synergic combinations, for example, novobiocin and tetracycline combined together as albamacyn T. Synergy types in chemotherapy includes those used in antibacterial, penetration, and internal synergies; the paper also notes that possible complications can arise from antibiotic interactions of drug synergies. Some papers discuss applications of antibiotics, antibiosis, stress effects, and food microbiology. These applications include the use of nisin, an antibiotic, as an aid in heat preservation of food. The use of starvation as a stress mechanism in a culture of Enterobacter aerogenes to accelerate exhaustion of glycerol, which the microorganisms need, lead to glycerol-deficiency related deaths. Other papers discuss the relationships of antibiotics and antibiosis to animals and animal feeds. This collection will benefit pharmacologists, bio-chemists, agriculturists, chemotherapists, veterinarians, and medical practitioners.

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Mammalian Cell Membranes, Volume 1: General Concepts is a collection of papers that deals on the physical and chemical studies focusing on membrane structure and function.   This collection reviews the interpretation of the anatomy of the mammalian cell, including its separation and cultivation. The different methods of isolation of its surface membrane are then evaluated to bring some understanding of the subject. More descriptions of the various physical techniques adopted to membrane constituents and to cell membrane research, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, electron spin resonance, fluorescence, and flash photolysis spectroscopy are given. Discoveries of mitochondrial DNA and other techniques have increased investigation of the synthesis and components of functional mitochondria, leading to different perspectives on models of membrane structure.   This book can serve the needs of biochemists and microbiologists in advancing their work, research, and understanding of mammalian cell membranes.