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A Unified Approach to Concept Representation, Classification, and Learning

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Exemplar-Based Knowledge Acquisition: A Unified Approach to Concept Representation, Classification, and Learning covers the fundamental issues in cognitive science and the technology for solving real problems.  This text contains six chapters and begins with a description of the rationale for the design of Protos Approach, its construction and performance. The succeeding chapters discuss how the Protos approach meets the requirements of representing concepts, using them for classification, and acquiring them from available training. These chapters also deal with the design and implementation of Protos. These topics are followed by a presentation of examples of the application of Protos to audiology and evaluate its performance. The final chapters survey related work in the areas of case-based reasoning and automated knowledge acquisition and the contributions of Protos approach.  This book will be of great value to psychologists, psychiatrists, and researchers in the field of artificial intelligence.

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Essays in Toxicology, Volume 7 presents essays on toxicology and related topics. The book presents essays on the effects of toxicants on reproductive performance; an overall view of carcinogenesis from an epidemiological viewpoint and the potentialities and limitations of the epidemiological method in cancer control; and the activity of cytochrome P450 and mixed-function oxidase in target and nontarget organisms. The text also includes essays on the toxicity of hexachlorophene and the use of hexachlorophene as an antibacterial agent; the methodology, dose measurement, and respiratory function assessment in respiratory toxicology; as well as behavioral toxicology, with focus on early warning and worker safety and health. Pharmacologists, biochemists, pathologists, neurophysiologists, epidemiologists, and toxicologists will find the book invaluable.

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Gas Phase Ion Chemistry, Volume 2 covers the advances in gas phase ion chemistry. The book discusses the stabilities of positive ions from equilibrium gas-phase basicity measurements; the experimental methods used to determine molecular electron affinities, specifically photoelectron spectroscopy, photodetachment spectroscopy, charge transfer, and collisional ionization; and the gas-phase acidity scale. The text also describes the basis of the technique of chemical ionization mass spectrometry; the energetics and mechanisms of unimolecular reactions of positive ions; and the photodissociation of gas-phase ions. The applications of molecular beam techniques to the study of ion-molecule collisions; as well as the variational treatment of charge transfer reactions are also encompassed. Chemists and biochemists will find the book invaluable.

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Metabolic Bone Disease, Volume I covers the approach to a variety of disorders of mineral metabolism. The book discusses bone metabolism and calcium regulation; kidney function in calcium and phosphate metabolism; as well as the role of alkaline phosphatase in metabolic bone disorders. The text also describes the diagnostic value of bone biopsies; the etiology, clinical aspects, therapy, and the main syndromes of vitamin D deficiency, rickets, and osteomalacia; and the pathogenesis and therapy of osteoporosis.  The pathogenesis and treatment of nephrolothiasis are also encompassed. Orthopedic doctors, physicians, endocrinologists, and people involved in the research of metabolic bone diseases will find the book invaluable.

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Medicinal Chemistry: A Series of Monographs, Vol. 3

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Drug Design, Volume III covers the mode of action of biologically active compounds.   The book discusses microbial transformations that have been used in the preparation of drugs or closely related substances; the use of linear free energy parameters and other experimental constants in structure-activity studies; and the mode of action of anticoagulants structurally and functionally related to vitamin K. The text also describes the design of beta-blocking drugs, biologically active acridines, local anesthetics, and insect chemosterilants. The molecular approach for designing inhibitors to enzymes involved in blood clotting is also considered.   Chemists, pharmacologists, and people involved in drug design.

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Sources, Fields, Measurements, and Applications

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Radiation Dosimetry, Second Edition, VOLUME III: Sources, Fields, Measurements, and Applications covers the significant aspects of radiation dosimetry.   The book discusses dosimetry relating to x rays and teleisotope gamma rays, discrete and distributed alpha-, beta-, and gamma-ray sources, electron beams, and heavy charged particle beams. The text also describes dosimetry relating to reactors, neutron and mixed n-gamma fields, neutrons from accelerators and radioactive sources, initial and residual ionizing radiation from nuclear weapons, natural and man-made background radiation, radiation in space, ultra-high energy radiation, and uncommon types of particles. Dosimetry relating to health physics, diobiology, radiotherapy, implant and intracavitary therapy, ""transition-zones"" (especially at bone-tissue interfaces), and radiation processing is also considered.   Physicists, biophysicists, and people involved in radiological science will find the book invaluable.

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Essays in Toxicology, Volume 5 covers essays in toxicology. The book presents essays on nitrosamines; a laboratory model ecosystem to evaluate compounds producing biological magnification; and the metabolism of DDT in human. The text also includes essays on the toxins of Clostridium botulinum; the use of breath analysis in clinical toxicology; and the biochemical toxicology of methanol. Toxicologists, biochemists, microbiologists, pharmacologists, and people involved in the research of toxicology will find the book invaluable.

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Life-Span Developmental Psychology: Personality and Socialization presents papers on personality and socialization. The book discusses the history, theory, and psychological approaches of developmental psychology, with focus on socialization and personality development through the life span; personality dimensions; and theories of socialization and sex-role development. The text also describes the life-span perspective of creativity and cognitive styles; continuities in childhood and adult moral development revisited; and issues of intergenerational relations as they affect both individual socialization and continuity of culture.   The interactional analysis of family attachments; social-learning theory as a framework for the study of adult personality development; person-perception research; and the perception of life-span development are also considered.  The book further tackles the potential usefulness of the life-span developmental perspective in education; the strategies for enhancing human development over the life span through educational intervention; and some ecological implications for the organization of human intervention throughout the life span. Developmental psychologists, sociologists, gerontologists, and people involved in the study of child development will find the book invaluable.

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Real Analysis and Probability: Solutions to Problems presents solutions to problems in real analysis and probability. Topics covered range from measure and integration theory to functional analysis and basic concepts of probability; the interplay between measure theory and topology; conditional probability and expectation; the central limit theorem; and strong laws of large numbers in terms of martingale theory.  Comprised of eight chapters, this volume begins with problems and solutions for the theory of measure and integration, followed by various applications of the basic integration theory. Subsequent chapters deal with functional analysis, paying particular attention to structures that can be defined on vector spaces; the connection between measure theory and topology; basic concepts of probability; and conditional probability and expectation. Strong laws of large numbers are also taken into account, first from the classical viewpoint, and then via martingale theory. The final chapter is devoted to the one-dimensional central limit problem, with emphasis on the fundamental role of Prokhorov's weak compactness theorem.  This book is intended primarily for students taking a graduate course in probability.

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The Rise and Fall of National Test Scores

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The Rise and Fall of National Test Scores examines, in some depth, the nature of test score changes over an extended period of time and in a broad range of subject matters and levels of schooling. The book contains chapters contributed by experts on various aspects of educational tests and score interpretation and uses. The text discusses the interpretations of trends in college admissions test scores and questions about the post-admission performance of ethnic minority students. The book examines general school achievement trends of high school students and the trends observed in broad-based testing programs of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP).   The complexities involved in obtaining dependable data with which to make informed judgments about reading achievement trends are examined. The text further tackles the positive and negative trends in academic achievement in Science with particular emphasis on the effects of curriculum revision; as well as the problems of mathematics testing. The book then describes test score trends and problems in Great Britain and Ireland, with attention given to the similarities and differences of those countries and the United States. Educators, researchers, political leaders, and informed, interested laymen will find the book invaluable.

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Research on Exemplary Schools covers significant research works on effective school learning, with particular emphasis on identifying and analyzing a student's abilities and characteristics on the assumption that student learning was primarily determined by differences in individual potential and needs. The information provided is derived from the assumption that the characteristics of the school learning environment may explain the extent to which students master the outcomes desired from the school teaching-learning experience.  This text is organized into three parts encompassing 10 chapters. Part I reviews the history of the exemplary schools research movements and the research findings, as well as policy implications concerning the relationships between private and public schools education, both Catholic and nonsectarian. Part II describes the methods for identifying exemplary schools, school climate, and the roles of the teacher and the school principal. Part III describes the policy issues emerging from effective schools research. This part also provide some critical thoughts on the movement from the perspective of an educational psychologist whose specialties are educational measurement and instructional design.   This book will prove useful to researchers and practitioners who wish to improve the outcomes of all students in their schools.

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Spin Labeling: Theory and Applications covers the background, theory, and applications of spin labeling. The book starts by providing an introduction about electron spin resonance in biology and a reporter group technique of spin labelling. The text then describes the principles and theories of magnetic resonance; the theory of slow tumbling ESR spectra for nitroxides; and the influence of electron-electron interactions on the appearance of the electron resonance spectrum.   The chemistry of spin labels; the molecular structures of nitroxides; the instrumental aspects of spin labeling; as well as the use of spin labels for studying the structure and function of enzymes are also considered. The book further discusses spin-label-induced nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation studies of enzymes; anisotropic motion in liquid crystalline structures; and the use of oriented lipid systems as model membranes. The text also looks into the application of lipid spin labels in biological membranes as well as the molecular motion in biological membranes. Chemists, molecular biologists, chemical physicists, people involved in the study of physical spectrometry, and graduate students taking related courses will find the book invaluable.

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Medicinal Chemistry: A Series of Monographs, Vol. 10

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Drug Design, Volume X covers promising and current developments in drug design. The book discusses procedures as applied in the practice of drug design; the structural aspects of the structure-activity relationships of neuroleptics; and promising perspectives in the highly actual field of bioactive peptides.   The text also describes the application of the dynamic systems analysis to the antihypertensive drug action; polymeric drug delivery systems; and the design of biocompatible polymers. The structure-activity relationships of insect repellents as a basis for the design of such agents, as well as the approaches to the multivariate data analysis in structure-activity relationships, which is an essential aspect of drug design, are also encompassed.   Chemists, pharmacologists, bioengineers, and people involved in drug design and manufacture will find the book invaluable.

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The Quinolones covers reviews on the history, chemistry and mechanism of action, in vitro properties, pharmacokinetics, clinical overview, toxicity, adverse effects and drug interactions, and future prospects of the 4-quinolones. The book discusses the microbiology of quinolones, particularly with consideration of the development of resistance, pharmacology, toxicology, and clinical uses. Chemists, microbiologists, pharmacologists and clinicians will find the book useful.

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Theory and Application of Special Functions

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Proceedings of an Advanced Seminar Sponsored by the Mathematics Research Center, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, March 31-April 2, 1975

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Theory and Application of Special Functions contains the proceedings of the Advanced Seminar on Special Functions sponsored by the Mathematics Research Center of the University of Wisconsin-Madison and held from March 31 to April 2, 1975. The seminar tackled the theory and application of special functions and covered topics ranging from the asymptotic estimation of special functions to association schemes and coding theory. Some interesting results, conjectures, and problems are given.  Comprised of 13 chapters, this book begins with a survey of computational methods in special functions, followed by a discussion on unsolved problems in the asymptotic estimation of special functions. The reader is then introduced to periodic Bernoulli numbers, summation formulas, and applications; problems and prospects for basic hypergeometric functions; and linear growth models with many types and multidimensional Hahn polynomials. Subsequent chapters explore two-variable analogues of the classical orthogonal polynomials; special functions of matrix and single argument in statistics; and some properties of the determinants of orthogonal polynomials.  This monograph is intended primarily for students and practitioners of mathematics.

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Clinical Immunobiology, Volume 3 covers a variety of methods used for assaying the immune status of an individual.   This volume is composed of 21 chapters and begins with a presentation of the background and issues to which clinical tests would be applied. The succeeding chapters outline the methodological procedures used in the analyses. Other chapters present some examples of the kinds of data that can be generated with the procedures used and provide guidelines for interpretation of the tests. The remaining chapters discuss the value of the immunological test procedures in differential diagnosis and analysis of diseases. These chapters also explore the usefulness of these procedures in prognosis of disease and the consequences of immunological manipulation undertaken for treatment or prevention of disease.  This book will be of great value to clinical immunobiologists, biochemists, and researchers.

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Clinical Immunobiology, Volume 4 is a 13-chapter text that covers the advances in understanding of the concepts and practical applications of lymphoid subpopulations and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).  The first chapter presents an overview of the problems of various subpopulations of cells involved in the immune system. The succeeding chapters describe the techniques used for cell classification, either by their cell surface phenotype or by their responsiveness to a series of different stimuli. These chapters include surveys of the methods of detection of complement receptors and expression of these receptors on the surface of both normal and leukemic human lymphocytes. A discussion of the evidence that different T-lymphocyte populations differentially express receptor for IgG and IgM is also provided. Other chapters describe the relationship of MHC to serology of cell surface antigens and reactivity in the mixed leukocyte culture test. This work also explores the methods that employ the so-called "proliferative and cytotoxic responses". The remaining chapters look into the association between HLA antigens and a variety of different diseases. These chapters also discuss other genetic markers in the HLA linkage group.  This book will be of great value to clinical immunobiologists, practicing physicians, researchers, and medical and biology students.

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Gyrodynamics and Its Engineering Applications

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Gyrodynamics and Its Engineering Applications deals with the engineering applications of gyrodynamics in a manner that stresses the physical concepts. Topics covered range from the kinematics of rigid bodies to frames of reference, along with moments and products of inertia. Gyro-verticals and the gyrodynamics of machines are also considered.  Comprised of 16 chapters, this book begins with a historical background on gyroscopes and an introduction to vectors, the kinematics of a particle, and rotating systems. The emphasis is on certain fundamental ideas governing the movement of bodies in three dimensions. Motion with respect to moving axes is discussed in detail, with particular attention to the intangible Coriolis acceleration. Subsequent chapters focus on the inertial characteristics of bodies and certain dynamical theorems; the motion of a free body and of a symmetrical gyroscope under gravity; gyroscopic vibration absorbers and stabilizers; the gyro-compass; suspensions for gyroscopes; gyro-verticals; and rate and integrating gyroscopes. The book also discusses inertial navigation as well as the whirling of shafts and aircraft gyrodynamics.  This monograph is intended primarily for engineers, but should also prove valuable to university teachers, research workers, and those who encounter gyroscopic problems.

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New Protein Foods, Volume 2: Technology, Part B covers examples of mixtures of pure amino acids used in medicine, as well as of the vast social possibilities inherent in exploiting pure synthetic nutrients.   The book discusses new approaches to marketing fish; new approaches to marketing milk products; and extrusion cooking. The text also describes the development of the particular knowledge in nutrition and food science and technology that allowed the first chemically defined, almost complete, synthetic foods to be produced. The role of flavor in new protein technologies; mass and institutional feeding of protein foods; and the use of nutrient intervention to improve nutritional status are also considered. The book further tackles the AID program for the introduction of new protein technologies; the notable happenings occurring in the technology and marketing of meat analogs; and the limits of technology.

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Basic Properties and Clinical Applications

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Transfer Factor: Basic Properties and Clinical Applications covers papers about transfer factor.   The book presents papers on the in vitro studies of transfer factor; the characterization of transfer factor; and the animal models of transfer factor. The text also includes articles on the use of transfer factor in infectious and neoplastic diseases and transfer factor therapy.   Examples of papers on transfer factor therapy include the role of transfer factor in the treatment of lymphoma cutis in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, transfer factor immunotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis, and transfer factor therapy in a patient with an isolated T-cell deficiency. Immunologists, pathologists, oncologists, microbiologists and people involved in the study of infectious diseases will find the book invaluable.

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Michael S. Ascher, A. Arthur Gottlieb, Charles H. Kirkpatrick