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VLSI Electronics: Microstructure Science, Volume 6: Materials and Process Characterization addresses the problem of how to apply a broad range of sophisticated materials characterization tools to materials and processes used for development and production of very large scale integration (VLSI) electronics.  This book discusses the various characterization techniques, such as Auger spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, X-ray topography, transmission electron microscopy, and spreading resistance. The systematic approach to the technologies of VLSI electronic materials and device manufacture are also considered.  This volume is beneficial to materials scientists, chemists, and engineers who are commissioned with the responsibility of developing and implementing the production of materials and devices to support the VLSI era.

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Norman G. Einspruch, Graydon B. Larrabee

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From Metabolite, to Metabolism, to Metabolon

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Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 33: From Metabolite, to Metabolism, to Metabolon is a collection of articles on the study of the machinery of the living cell. The book is also a tribute to Paul Srere, an eminent biochemist, on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday.  The book contains contributions written by students, postdoctoral fellows, and biochemists within Paul Srere's broad sphere of influence. The text provides articles that discuss topics on cellular infrastructure and metabolic organization; how carbohydrates cross the lipid membrane of bacterial cells; and macromolecular processes. The structural aspects of citrate biochemistry; the electron transport systems; nucleotide biosynthesis; enzyme organization and the direction of metabolic flow; and bioengineering applications are tackled as well.  Biochemists, cytologists, and cell biologists will find the book very insightful.

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Current Topics in Clinical and Community Psychology

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Current Topics in Clinical and Community Psychology, Volume 2 covers the need of scientific work in the field of clinical and community psychology to the problems of modern society. The book discusses a new area of specialization - clinical neuropsychology; and the behavior deficits that result from brain damage in humans that may result from agents such as mind-altering drugs, alcohol, tranquilizers, and inadequate diet. The text also describes the sequential system for personality scale development; the prediction of violence with psychological tests; the relationship between depression and oral contraception. The quest for valid preventive interventions is also considered. Clinical psychologists, community psychologists, psychiatrists and students taking related courses will find the book useful.

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Current Topics in Experimental Endocrinology, Vol. 5

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Current Topics in Experimental Endocrinology, Volume 5: Fetal Endocrinology and Metabolism covers various aspects of fetal endocrinology. The book discusses studies of the hypothalamic-pituitary unit which emphasize the unique aspects of the fetal endocrine system; in vitro fertilization; and factors controlling placental endocrine function in domestic animals. The text also describes the role and kinetics of thyroid in fetal development; the placental transfer of carbohydrates; and fetal hormones and carbohydrate utilization. The regulation of partition of protein during pregnancy; the mineral needs of the fetus; and the fetal metabolism of cortisol are also considered. The book further tackles normal and abnormal sexual differentiation and the metabolic errors of adrenal steroidogenesis. Physiologists, endocrinologists, obstetricians, gynecologists, and students taking related courses will find the book invaluable.

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Essays on the Intentionality of Machines

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Thinking Computers and Virtual Persons: Essays on the Intentionality of Machines explains how computations are meaningful and how computers can be cognitive agents like humans. This book focuses on the concept that cognition is computation.  Organized into four parts encompassing 13 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the analogy between intentionality and phlogiston, the 17th-century principle of burning. This text then examines the objection to computationalism that it cannot prevent arbitrary attributions of content to the various data structures and representations involved in a computational process. Other chapters consider that the notion of original intentionality is incoherent. This book argues as well that the only way to build an intelligent machine is to build a neural network. The final chapter claims that an entire theoretical framework in cognitive psychology is incompatible with the view that human brains are computers of some sort.  This book is a valuable resource for cognitive scientists.

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The Endocrinology of Pregnancy and Parturition

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Current Topics in Experimental Endocrinology, Vol. 4

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Current Topics in Experimental Endocrinology, Volume 4: The Endocrinology of Pregnancy and Parturition deals with the various aspects of pregnancy and parturition. The book discusses pregnancy and parturition in marsupials; the vital role of the corpus luteum; and the endocrinology of the preimplantation period, looking into the variety of hormones and other agents and their involvement in the implantation process. The text also describes the critical role of prolactin in pregnancy; the role of human chorionic gonadotropin in early pregnancy; and specific pregnancy proteins. The clinical use of human placental lactogen in pregnancy; estrogen and progestrone production in human pregnancy; and the role of oxytocin in parturition; threatened abortion are also considered. Endocrinologists, obstetricians, gynecologists, reproductive physiologists, and students taking related courses will find the book invaluable.

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Current Topics in Experimental Endocrinology

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Current Topics in Experimental Endocrinology, Volume 1 provides a review on experimental endocrinology. The book discusses the basic concepts of saturation analysis techniques; the concept of how steroid hormones might influence the differentiation of certain brain structures instrumental in the control of gonadotropin secretion; and trends in the physiology of the posterior pituitary. The text also describes role of thymosin and other thymic factors in the development, maturation, and functions of lymphoid tissue; the chemistry and comparative chemistry of calcitonin, factors affecting its secretion and metabolic degradation, and the results of its preliminary therapeutic application in the complex situation of disordered bone metabolism found in Paget's disease. The chemical nature and the importance of the long-acting thyroid stimulator; the endocrinological implications of prostaglandins; and effects of ovarian hormones at the subcellular level are also encompassed. Endocrinologists and students taking related courses will find the book invaluable.

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A Psycholinguistic Study of a Modern-Day Wild Child

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Genie: A Psycholinguistic Study of a Modern-Day Wild Child reports on the linguistic research carried out through studying and working with Genie, a deprived and isolated, to an unprecedented degree, girl who was not discovered until she was an adolescent. An inhuman childhood had prevented Genie from learning language, and she knew little about the world in any respect save abuse, neglect, isolation, and deprivation.  This book is organized into three parts encompassing 11 chapters. Part I provides a case history and background material on Genie's personality and language behavior. This part describes the interaction between the authors and this remarkable girl. Part II details Genie's linguistic development and overall language abilities, specifically her phonological development, as well as receptive knowledge and productive grammatical abilities of syntax, morphology, and semantics. This part also provides a comparison between her linguistic development and the language acquisition of other children. Part III presents a full description of the neurolinguistic work carried out on Genie and discusses the implications of this aspect of the case.  This book will prove useful to neurolinguistics and pyscholinguistics.

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Photoreceptor Cells, Volume 15 covers the advances in the study of photoreceptor cells. The book discusses biochemical, cell and structural biological, and molecular biological techniques needed for the study of photoreceptor cells. The text also describes the methods for observing the structure of photoreceptor cells and for studying their metabolism. The procedures for photoreceptor cell isolation are also considered. The book further tackles the preparation of proteins involved in rod cell metabolism, with particular emphasis on proteins of the visual transduction cascade.  The text also encompasses the application of molecular biological techniques for the examination of molecular components of the visual system and their structure, distribution, and function. Neuroscientists, ophthalmologists, biochemists, and people involved in the study of photoreceptor cells will find the book invaluable.

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Current Topics in Cellular Regulation: Volume 30 is a collection of papers that deals with eukaryotic DNA methylation, gene expression, regulation of nitrogenase activity, and the recognition of DNA by Type II restriction enzymes. Other papers discuss the mitochondrial Krebs cycle, enzyme mechanisms, transducin, and calcium-dependent cellular processes. One paper explains that methylation and demethylation of the DNA are complicated active processes, involving many aspects of the genome. The paper also notes that within the gross changes in methylation patterns, specific CpG sites play important roles in the expression or shutdown of target genes. Another paper concludes that, mono-ADP ribosylation being a mechanism of action of the diphtheria toxin, ADP ribosylation plays a role in normal cell metabolism by regulating the activity of key enzymes. One paper explains the significance of restriction enzymes into the nature of DNA-protein interactions; as well as the enzyme's possible role in discriminating between alternative DNA sequences. Biochemists, cellular researchers, micro-biologists, bio-physicists, and academicians involved in the study of cellular biology will find the collection very useful.

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Bernard L. Horecker, Earl R. Stadtman, P. Boon Chock

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Current Topics in Cellular Regulation: Volume 29 is a collection of papers that deals with dynamic macromolecular interactions, ligand binding, multi-enzyme complex formation, the regulation of fatty acid uptake, and synthesis in mammary or adipose tissues. Other papers explain the functional relationships of guanosine triphosphate binding proteins, the glycogen storage disease, the regulation of the pentose phosphate pathway in the brain, as well as the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis. One paper discusses the dissociable enzyme complexes stabilized by weak interactions, particularly on the interaction of cytosolic enzymes with the contractile apparatus, with membranes, or with functionally related enzymes. Another paper investigates the mechanism of acute regulation, in mammary epithelial cells, of the processes which collaborate to supply fatty acids for esterification to form glycerolipids (which is predominantly triacylglycerol). Glycerolipids comprise mostly the total lipid content of the secretory product of those cellsmammalian milk. The paper notes that a counter-regulatory hormone collaborating with insulin in the regulation of lipid metabolism in the lactating mammary cell, does not act via cyclic AMP. The collection can prove beneficial for biochemists, micro-biologists, bio-physicists, cellular researchers, and academicians involved in the study of cellular biology or physiology.

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Regional Model Life Tables and Stable Populations

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Regional Model Life Tables and Stable Populations, Second Edition maintains the tradition of research on the analysis of fertility and mortality as related to population growth and composition. The tables presented are two principal forms: model life tables and model stable populations. The included models are models of mortality and age composition; "west" model life tables and stable populations; "north" model life tables and stable populations; "east" model life tables and stable populations; and "south" model life tables and stable populations. People involved in the study of population growth and composition will find the book useful.

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Ansley J. Coale, Paul Demeny, Barbara Vaughan

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Current Topics in Bioenergetics, Volume 9 presents the theoretical, thermodynamic perspective of energy transducing reactions. This book provides a detailed kinetic analysis of a specific aspect of an ion pump.  Organized into seven chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the quantitative relations between measurable parameters of energy-transducing systems. This text then examines the probes for intracellular pH determination, which stimulate the development of additional methods and their application in pathology and pharmacology. Other chapters consider studies with isolated proteins or protein complexes derived from the membranes. This book discusses as well the chemistry of photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation. The final chapter deals with the advances in the use of photo affinity labeling in the study of the structure of ligand sites on proteins, which became possible only in conjunction with the development of methods for the isolation of peptides and their sequence determination.  This book is a valuable resource for biologists and biochemists.

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Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 14 reviews the advances in the general area of cellular regulation.  This book discusses the mechanism and function of the C4 pathway, regulation of individual enzymes, inhibitors of isoleucine and valine biosynthesis, and patterns of derepression. The functions of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate; 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate in erythrocytes during development; and regulation of glycogen synthetase activity are also elaborated. This publication likewise covers the substrate specificity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, model systems of enzyme sequences, and posttranslational modifications in selected enzymes.  This volume is a good source for biologists and researchers interested in the basic mechanisms involved in the regulation of diverse cellular activities.

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Phonetics and Phonology, Volume 3: Current Issues in ASL Phonology deals with theoretical issues in the phonology of ASL (American Sign Language), the signed language of the American Deaf. These issues range from the overall architecture of phonological theory to particular proposals such as the nature of syllables and the reality of underlying "dynamic" or "contour" elements. The seemingly universal preference, CV (consonant-vowel) as opposed to VC (vowel-consonant) syllable structure, is also discussed.  Comprised of 14 chapters, this volume begins with some general background on ASL and on the community in which it is used. It then looks at secondary licensing and the nature of constraints on the non-dominant hand in ASL; underspecification in ASL handshape contours; and the nature of ASL and the development of ASL linguistics. The applicability of the notion of "phonology" to a signed language and the sort of questions that can be explored about the parallelisms between signed and spoken linguistic systems are also considered. Later chapters focus on the linearization of phonological tiers in ASL; phonological segmentation in sign and speech; two models of segmentation in ASL; and sonority and syllable structure in ASL. The book also examines phrase-level prosody in ASL before concluding with an analysis of linguistic expression and its relation to modality.   This monograph will appeal to phonologists who work on both signed and spoken languages, and to other cognitive scientists interested in the nature of abstract articulatory representations in human language.

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Current Topics in Cellular Regulation: Volume 28 is a collection of papers that deals with enzyme-enzyme interactions, regulation of metabolic reaction pathways, the relevance of intracellular amino acid pool in the regulation of protein metabolism, and the production of superoxide by phagocytic leukocytes. Other papers discuss the regulation of adrenergic receptor function by phosphyrylation, a membrane-bound metallo-endopeptidase (meprin), as well as the covalent modification as a mechanism of marking proteins for degradation. One paper notes that the transfer pathway involving enzyme-enzyme recognition is associated with molecular specificity features over those demanded by the molecular structural constraints of the individual enzyme sites. The Albery and Knowles principle, under certain conditions, shows that intermediary metabolites within a particular pathway exist in states of nearly equal free energy. One paper describes that the amino acid pool size and content are governed by the conditioning of intracellular proteins and the metabolic activity of the cell. The paper also suggests that intracellular pools do not regulate protein metabolism. The collection can prove beneficial for biochemists, micro-biologists, cellular researchers, and academicians involved in the study of cellular biology or physiology.

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Current Topics in Cellular Regulation: Volume 27, Modulation by Covalent Modification is a compendium of papers dealing with the coordination, function, or control of cellular metabolism, particularly on modulation by covalent modification. One paper reviews the cyclic cascade model in metabolic regulation that shows the model's applicability to all covalent interconvertible enzyme systems, such as those modified by phosphorylation, ADP-ribosylation, carboxymethylation, acetylation, and sulfation. Another paper discusses the hypothesis that smooth muscle contraction is regulated by a calcium-dependent phosphorylation of the myosin molecule. Studies made by Sellers and Pato suggest that a phosphatase isolated from turkey gizzard muscle (known as smooth muscle phosphatase IV) can be related to an in vivo myosin phosphatase as the phosphatase IV binds well to both myosin and thiophosphorylated myosin. Other papers describe in situ regulation studies of Excherichia coli glutamine synthethase, the posttranslational processing of the insulin proreceptor, and selenium in cellular metabolism. The compendium is suitable for biochemists, microbiologists, and academicians whose works involve research in cell biology.

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Current Topics in Cellular Regulation: Volume 24, Enzyme Catalysis and Control is a compendium of papers that discusses phosphoryl transfer reactions, the role of water on the free energy of hydrolysis of pyrophosphate, and the hormonal actions of vitamin D. Other papers describe the regulation lipid metabolism by a lipid-carrying protein, the GABA, and taurine enzymes in mammalian brain. One paper examines the role of vitamin D in the metabolism of cells, as well as in the whole animal. Upon absorption in the body, the vitamin undergoes various metabolic transformations before interacting with specific receptors, and then inducting the genome in the target tissues to generate biological and hormonal responses. Another paper notes the possibility of a genetic defect in cancer cells that results in the abnormal accumulation of sterol carrier protein (SCP) and cholesterol in vivo; and also in the inability to maintain levels of SCP or cholesterol in vitro. One paper shows that tartrate, or other organic acids, secreted into the medium by the penicillia keeps the pH in an optimal range for acid protease degradation of proteins and glycoproteins. This mechanism helps the fungus to survive in a nutrient environment (which is unbalanced with respect to an optimum C/N ratio and at a pH unfavorable to many bacteria and other life forms). Another paper proposes a model for the modulation of ATP synthetase activities and medium exchange reactions by energy input, substrate concentration, or others that affect the microenvironment of the enzyme under certain conditions. The compendium will prove beneficial to molecular biologists, general biologists, microbiologists, and biochemists.

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Marlene Deluca, Henry Lardy, Richard L. Cross

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Language Use and School Performance presents the results of a study undertaken during 1969-1970 to investigate the link between language use and school performance. A basic theme of this report is that early school experience is probably the most important stage in a child's educational career. The emphasis is on the acquisition and use of language at home and in the primary school.  Comprised of seven chapters, this book seeks to clarify everyday school decisions made by school personnel based on the child's performances in particular classroom and testing situations that influence his/her educational career early in life. The discussion begins by focusing on the placement of students in two kindergarten classes in two southern California school districts. More specifically, the chapter examines the practices used by teachers to assign students to classes having particular characteristics; to place them in ability groups within classes; and to promote them to the next grade. Subsequent chapters explore how teachers accomplish classroom lessons; intelligence testing as a social activity; standardized tests as objective/objectified measures of a child's "competence" in school; and tests and experiments with children. The final chapter outlines some basic theoretical issues in the assessment of the child's performance in testing and classroom settings.  This monograph will be a valuable resource for educators, sociologists, and psychologists.

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Aaron V. Cicourel, Kenneth H. Jennings, Sybillyn H. M. Jennings

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Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 6 presents the fundamental mechanisms involved in the regulation of diverse cellular activities, including cellular differentiation, intermediary metabolism, and the transfer of genetic information. This book provides information pertinent to the various aspects of cellular regulation.  Organized into eight chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the well-defined stages of sporulation that can be correlated with the appearance of several enzymes, ultrastructures, and chemical components associated with the developing spore. This text then examines the regulatory properties of G6PD from various sources, with emphasis to those cells in which these properties may operate in vivo in the control of carbohydrate metabolism. Other chapters consider the various methods for analyzing biochemical systems. The final chapter deals with kinetic cooperativity, which is the basis of the flip-flop mechanism.  This book is a valuable resource for biochemists, biologists, and research workers.