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VLSI Electronics Microstructure Science, Volume 17: VLSI in Medicine deals with the more important applications of VLSI in medical devices and instruments.  This volume is comprised of 11 chapters. It begins with an article about medical electronics. The following three chapters cover diagnostic imaging, focusing on such medical devices as magnetic resonance imaging, neurometric analyzer, and ultrasound. Chapters 5, 6, and 7 present the impact of VLSI in cardiology. The electrocardiograph, implantable cardiac pacemaker, and the use of VLSI in Holter monitoring are detailed in these chapters. The neurostimulator is described in Chapter 8. Chapter 9 discusses both implantable and external drug infusion pumps and describes the use of VLSI in a particular external pump. The last two chapters cover topics that apply to the entire field of medical electronics.  Engineers, scientists, medical practitioners and researchers will find the book very useful.

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Current Topics in Cellular Regulation: Volume 22 is a collection of papers that deals with eukaryotic protein synthesis, lysosomal thiol proteinases, and the properties of adenylosuccinate synthetase. Other papers discuss the regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ornithine cycle, and seminal vesicle development and function. One paper investigates the poly ADP-ribosylation of protein, particularly in quantifying synthesis and in the function of the polymer. Another paper observes the construction of a reconstituted cell-free system in which there is for the first time a catalytic use, followed by a recycling of eIF-2. A eukaryotic regulatory factor or eukaryotic recycling factor (eRF) is a prerequisite factor in the in the control of the rate of initiation. One paper reviews the properties, structures, and functions of thiol endopeptidases in mammalian lysosomes and the characteristics of the endogenous inhibitor. Another paper explains the regulatory, kinetic, and genetic aspects of adenylosuccinate synthetase from a variety of systems. One paper discusses the short-term regulation of the carboxylase from animal tissues, with emphasis on the covalent modification of the carboxylase, and its relationship to the allosteric control mechanism. Molecular biologists, general biologists, and microbiologists will find the articles in this collection invaluable.

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Treatise on Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 6

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Treatise on Materials Science and Technology, Volume 6: Plastic Deformation of Materials covers the fundamental properties and characterization of materials, ranging from simple solids to complex heterophase systems. The book presents articles on the low temperature of deformation of bcc metals and their solid-solution alloys; the cyclic deformation of metals and alloys; and the high-temperature diffusion-controlled creep of some metals and alloys, with particular reference to the various creep mechanisms. The text also includes articles on superplasticity; the fatigue deformation of polymers; the low temperature deformation of crystalline nonmetals; and the recovery and recrystallization during high temperature deformation. Professional scientists and engineers, as well as graduate students in materials science and associated fields will find the book invaluable.

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Graphics Gems IV contains practical techniques for 2D and 3D modeling, animation, rendering, and image processing. The book presents articles on polygons and polyhedral; a mix of formulas, optimized algorithms, and tutorial information on the geometry of 2D, 3D, and n-D space; transformations; and parametric curves and surfaces. The text also includes articles on ray tracing; shading 3D models; and frame buffer techniques. Articles on image processing; algorithms for graphical layout; basic interpolation methods; and subroutine libraries for vector and matrix algebra are also demonstrated. Computer engineers and designers will find the book invaluable.

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VLSI Electronics Microstructure Science, Volume 15: VLSI Metallization discusses the various issues and problems related to VLSI metallization. It details the available solutions and presents emerging trends.  This volume is comprised of 10 chapters. The two introductory chapters, Chapter 1 and 2 serve as general references for the electrical and metallurgical properties of thin conducting films. Subsequent chapters review the various aspects of VLSI metallization. The order of presentation has been chosen to follow the common processing sequence. In Chapter 3, some relevant metal deposition techniques are discussed. Chapter 4 presents the methods of VLSI lithography and etching. Conducting films are first deposited at the gate definition step; therefore, the issues related to gate metallization are discussed next in Chapter 5.In Chapter 6, contact metallization is elaborated, and Chapter 7 is devoted to multilevel metallization schemes. Long-time reliability is the subject of Chapter 8, which discusses the issues of contact and interconnect electromigration. GaAs metallization is tackled in Chapter 9. The volume concludes with a general discussion of the functions of interconnect systems in VLSI.  Materials scientists, processing and design engineers, and device physicists will find the book very useful.

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Norman G. Einspruch, Simon S. Cohen, Gennady Sh. Gildenblat

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Macroeconomics: Private and Public Choice discusses the principle of macroeconomics, particularly government expenditure, taxation, public choice theory, and labor markets. The book also covers aggregate supply, fiscal policy, inflation, unemployment, traditional Keynesian theory, low productivity, rapid inflation. The text explains international economics and comparative systems such as the export-import link, export taxes, and foreign finance. It analyzes the existence of trade barriers as being due to domestic protectionism policies, special interest nature of trade restrictions, and economic illiteracy. The book examines the economics of government failure, namely, the collective decision-making process as being both beneficial and limited of public sector economic action. Among the reasons cited for government failure are voter ignorance, inefficient public policy, existence of special interests, imprecise knowledge of consumer preferences, as well as government shortsightedness. The book also examines why government intervention in some activities can be beneficial, for example, weak market competition or monopoly, uninformed consumers, and when conditions of external benefits can be achieved. Economists, sociologists, professors in economics, or policy makers involved in economic and rural development will find the text valuable.

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Tip Growth in Plant and Fungal Cells covers the basis of the cellular processes of tip growing plants. The book discusses the role of cell wall architecture in fungal tip growth generation; the enzymology of tip growth in fungi; and the electrobiology of apical growth. The text also describes the role of calcium ions in tip growth of pollen tubes and moss protonema cells; the role of actin in tip growth; and the significance of microtubules in the organization of the cytoplasm and the regulation of tip growth. The role of the endomembrane system of plants and fungi in surface generation in tip-growing cells; the role of vesicles in apical growth; and a new mathematical model of hyphal morphogenesis are considered.   The book further demonstrates a comparison of tip growth in prokaryotic and eukaryotic filamentous microorganisms; tip growth and transition to secondary wall synthesis in developing cotton hairs; and neuronal tip growth. The text then encompasses secretion and organelle biogenesis, with emphasis on problems in targeting proteins to specific subcellular compartments. Botanists, microbiologists, geneticists, molecular biologists, cellular biologists, plant pathologists, and people involved in agricultural research will find the book invaluable.

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An Introduction to Information Processing

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An Introduction to Information Processing provides an informal introduction to the computer field. This book introduces computer hardware, which is the actual computing equipment.  Organized into three parts encompassing 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the evolution of personal computing and includes detailed case studies on two of the most essential personal computers for the 1980s, namely, the IBM Personal Computer and Apple's Macintosh. This text then traces the evolution of modern computing systems from the earliest mechanical calculating devices to microchips. Other chapters consider the components and operation of typical data communications systems. This book discusses as well the various types of communications networks and communications via space satellites. The final chapter deals with software or computer programs, the sets of instructions that programmers write to inform the computer how to solve particular problems.  This book is a valuable resource for computer specialists, mathematicians, and computer programmers.

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Behavioral Neuroscience: An Introduction provides a basic understanding of what is known about the means by which neurons communicate and about the nervous system which interprets, integrates, and transmits signals into meaningful and appropriate behaviors. The book starts with an overview of the nervous system. The text then describes the general operation and organization of the nervous system; and some of the major types of neurons in the context of their systems.  The basic characteristics of neurons and how they communicate; the processes and the basic integrative properties of defined groups of neurons; and complex learning and memory are also considered.   The book further tackles the auditory, somesthetic, olfactory, gustatory, visual, and motor systems; the functions of the autonomic nervous system and the neuroendocrine system; and the neural basis of two types of motivated behavior, drinking and feeding. The text also encompasses sleep and activity rhythms; the development of the neural circuitry and its plasticity throughout life; and the development of behavior. Behavioral disorders and the aspects of the human nervous system which make man unique among all living creatures are also looked into. Behavioral psychologists, behavioral neuroscientists, and psychobiologists will find the book invaluable.

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Macroeconomics: Private and Public Choice discusses the principle of macroeconomics, particularly government expenditure, taxation, public choice theory, and labor markets. The book also covers aggregate supply, fiscal policy, inflation, unemployment, traditional Keynesian theory, low productivity, rapid inflation. The text explains international economics and comparative systems such as the export-import link, export taxes, and foreign finance. It analyzes the existence of trade barriers as being due to domestic protectionism policies, special interest nature of trade restrictions, and economic illiteracy. The book examines the economics of government failure, namely, the collective decision-making process as being both beneficial and limited of public sector economic action. Among the reasons cited for government failure are voter ignorance, inefficient public policy, existence of special interests, imprecise knowledge of consumer preferences, as well as government shortsightedness. The book also examines why government intervention in some activities can be beneficial, for example, weak market competition or monopoly, uninformed consumers, and when conditions of external benefits can be achieved. Economists, sociologists, professors in economics, or policy makers involved in economic and rural development will find the text valuable.

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VLSI Electronics: Microstructure Science, Volume 5 considers trends for the future of very large scale integration (VLSI) electronics and the scientific base that supports its development.  This book discusses the automation for VLSI manufacture, silicon material properties for VLSI circuitry, and high-performance computer packaging and thin-film multichip module. The nanometer-scale fabrication techniques, high-density CCD memories, and solid-state infrared imaging are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the impact of microelectronics upon radar systems and quantum-mechanical limitations on device performance.  This volume is a good source for scientists and engineers who wish to become familiar with VLSI electronics, device designers concerned with the fundamental character of and limitations to device performance, systems architects who will be charged with tying VLSI circuits together, and engineers conducting work on the utilization of VLSI circuits in specific areas of application.

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Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, Volume 19 analyzes the advances in the general area of cellular regulation.  This book discusses the evidence indicating that synthesis of the histidine enzymes is regulated and drugs affecting ribonucleotide reductase. The analogy principle in comparative biochemistry of allosteric regulation of metabolism, steady-state model of glucose metabolism in adipose tissue, and sensitivity of enzyme activity to changing ion concentrations are also elaborated. This publication likewise covers the cAMP-dependent protein kinases of nervous tissue and amino acid sequences of IGF I and II.  This volume is a good reference for biologists and researchers conducting work on the basic mechanisms involved in the regulation of diverse cellular activities.

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Mastering Mathematica: Programming Methods and Applications presents the mathematical results and turn them into precise algorithmic procedures that can be executed by a computer. This book provides insight into more complex situations that can be investigated by hand.  Organized into four parts, this book begins with an overview of the use of a pocket calculator. This text then looks in more detail at numerical calculations and solving equations, both algebraic and differential equations. Other parts consider the built-in graphics and show how to make pictures without programming. This book discusses as well the four styles of programming, namely, functional programming, imperative programming, rewrite programing, and object oriented programming. The reader is also introduced to differentiable mapping to show the analysis of critical points of functions and the developments in differential geometry that are required to study minimal surfaces.  This book is a valuable resource for graduate students in mathematics, mathematics education, engineering, and the sciences.

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Opioid Peptides: Biology, Chemistry, and Genetics

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The Peptides: Analysis, Synthesis, Biology, Vol. 6

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The Peptides: Analysis, Synthesis, Biology, Volume 6: Opioid Peptides: Biology, Chemistry, and Genetics presents a biological topic of peptide research.  This book is divided into nine chapters. Chapter 1 reviews the opioid peptide precursors and their genes. The proenkephalin and products of its processing are discussed in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3, the role of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) as a protein at the interface of the endocrine and nervous systems is examined. Chapter 4 provides a comprehensive account of the biology and chemistry of the dynorphin peptides. The opioid receptors are described in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 evaluates the structure-activity relationships of ?-endorphin, while Chapter 7 considers the conformational analysis of enkephalins and conformation-activity relationships. The structure-activity relationships among enkephalin peptides are elaborated in Chapter 8. The last chapter is devoted to the clinical significance of opioid peptides in humans.  This publication is a good reference for biologists, specialists, and researchers concerned with peptides and proteins.

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Excited States, Volume I reviews radiationless transitions, phosphorescence microwave double resonance through optical spectra in molecular solids, dipole moments in excited states, luminescence of polar molecules, and the problem of interstate interaction in aromatic carbonyl compounds.  The book discusses the molecular electronic radiationless transitions; the double resonance techniques and the relaxation mechanisms involving the lowest triplet state of aromatic compounds; as well as the optical spectra and relaxation in molecular solids. The text also describes dipole moments and polarizabilities of molecules in excited electronic states; the luminescence characteristics of polar aromatic molecules; and the interstate interaction in aromatic aldehydes and ketones. Chemists and physical chemists will find the book invaluable.

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Organic Chemistry: A Series of Monographs, Vol. 38

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Strained Organic Molecule, Volume 38 considers the vast field of strained organic molecules. The book discusses energy and entropy; cyclopropane and cyclobutane; and unique strained groupings or building blocks. The text also describes the aesthetics, rearrangements, and topology of polycycles; kinetic and thermodynamic stability; and tetrahedral tetracoordinate carbon. The inverted tetrahedra, propellanes, buttaflanes, and paddlanes; planar methane and its derivatives; and five- and six-coordinaste carbon are also considered. Chemists will find the book invaluable.

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Arthur Greenberg, Joel F. Liebman, Harry H. Wasserman

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Genetic Engineering 1 is the first of a series containing reviews of particular topics using genetic recombinant DNA techniques. This three-chapter volume describes the construction of libraries of expressed gene sequences, the use of gene-specific probes in antenatal diagnosis, and the expression of isolated genes in cellular and cell-free systems.  Chapter 1 presents particular series of steps for the preparation and screening of cDNA clone bank. Chapter 2 discusses the advances in DNA analysis techniques that have profound effects upon the understanding of some genetic diseases and on the ability to reduce the incidence of these diseases by antenatal diagnosis and therapeutic abortion. Chapter 3 considers the experimental systems for studying the expression of isolated eukaryotic genes, concentrating on microinjection into Xenopus oocytes and incubation in cell-free systems in vitro.  This book is of great value to genetic engineers, geneticists, and biochemists.

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Barsotti Symposium in Algebraic Geometry

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Barsotti Symposium in Algebraic Geometry contains papers corresponding to the lectures given at the 1991 memorial meeting held in Abano Terme in honor of Iacopo Barsotti. This text reflects Barsottis significant contributions in the field.  This book is composed of 10 chapters and begins with a review of the centers of three-dimensional skylanin algebras. The succeeding chapters deal with the theoretical aspects of the Abelian varieties, Witt realization of p-Adic Barsotti-Tate Groups, and hypergeometric series and functions. These topics are followed by discussions of logarithmic spaces and the estimates for and inequalities among A-numbers. The closing chapter describes the moduli of Abelian varieties in positive characteristic.  This book will be of value to mathematicians.

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Decomposition of Multivariate Probability is a nine-chapter text that focuses on the problem of multivariate characteristic functions.   After a brief introduction to some useful results on measures and integrals, this book goes on dealing with the classical theory and the Fourier-Stieltjes transforms of signed measures. The succeeding chapters explore the multivariate extension of the well-known Paley-Wiener theorem on functions that are entire of exponential type and square-integrable; the theory of infinitely divisible probabilities and the classical results of Hin?in; and the decompositions of analytic characteristic functions. Other chapters are devoted to the important problem of the description of a specific class on n-variate probabilities without indecomposable factors. The final chapter studies the problem of ?-decomposition of multivariate characteristic functions.  This book will prove useful to mathematicians and advance undergraduate and graduate students.

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Roger Cuppens, Z. W. Birnbaum, E. Lukacs

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VLSI Electronics Microstructure Science, Volume 20: VLSI and Computer Architecture reviews the approaches in design principles and techniques and the architecture for computer systems implemented in VLSI.  This volume is divided into two parts. The first section is concerned with system design. Chapters under this section focus on the discussion of such topics as the evolution of VLSI; system performance and processor design considerations; and VLSI system design and processing tools. Part II of the book focuses on the architectural possibilities that have become cost effective with the development of VLSI circuits. Topics on architectural requirements and various architectures such as the Reduced Instruction Set, Extended Von Neumann, Language-Oriented, and Microprogrammable architectures are elaborated in detail. Also included are chapters that discuss the evaluation of architecture, multiprocessing configurations, and the future of VLSI.  Computer designers, those evaluating computer systems, researchers, and students of computer architecture will find the book very useful.

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Ravi Shankar, Eduardo B. Fernandez, Norman G. Einspruch