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Measles Virus and Its Biology deals with the biological and clinical problems of the viral disease, measles. This book also describes the behavior of the measles virus in terms of its immunological, biochemical, or molecular-biological aspects. The authors review the epidemiology and pathogenesis of measles and discuss how the virus flourishes and mobilizes in the human body through a close association with leukocytes and lymphoid organs. Biological characters and genetic markers of the virus can serve to separate different isolates of the measles virus from one another. Radioactive labeling techniques have detected six structural proteins associated with the virus; a schematic diagram in the book shows the structural components and the biochemical dissection of the virus. The authors also discuss that the various immune responses to the virus can be due to "variation in the patient" rather than virus mutation. The authors do not discount that the physiological behavior of the virus such as its location, number, or replication can also affect the host. This text is suitable for the clinical research workers dealing with immunology, infectious diseases, cellular chemistry, or molecular biology.

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K. B. Fraser, S J Martin, T. W. Tinsley, F. Brown

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Numerical Methods for Initial Value Problems in Ordinary Differential Equations

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Numerical Method for Initial Value Problems in Ordinary Differential Equations deals with numerical treatment of special differential equations: stiff, stiff oscillatory, singular, and discontinuous initial value problems, characterized by large Lipschitz constants. The book reviews the difference operators, the theory of interpolation, first integral mean value theorem, and numerical integration algorithms. The text explains the theory of one-step methods, the Euler scheme, the inverse Euler scheme, and also Richardson's extrapolation. The book discusses the general theory of Runge-Kutta processes, including the error estimation, and stepsize selection of the R-K process. The text evaluates the different linear multistep methods such as the explicit linear multistep methods (Adams-Bashforth, 1883), the implicit linear multistep methods (Adams-Moulton scheme, 1926), and the general theory of linear multistep methods. The book also reviews the existing stiff codes based on the implicit/semi-implicit, singly/diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta schemes, the backward differentiation formulas, the second derivative formulas, as well as the related extrapolation processes. The text is intended for undergraduates in mathematics, computer science, or engineering courses, andfor postgraduate students or researchers in related disciplines.

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Simeon Ola Fatunla, Werner Rheinboldt, Daniel Siewiorek

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Normative Biology, Immunology, and Husbandry

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The Mouse in Biomedical Research, Volume III: Normative Biology, Immunology, and Husbandry focuses on the normative biology, immunology, and husbandry of laboratory mice. Topics covered range from gnotobiotics and gastrointestinal microflora to animal health surveillance and health delivery systems, along with environmental monitoring. The management and design of breeding and research facilities are also discussed.  Comprised of 18 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of studies involving gnotobiotic mice, the induction of gnotobiosis, and microbiological testing of gnotobiotic animals. Maintenance of breeding colonies of gnotobiotic animals is also considered, together with the shipment of gnotobiotes and laboratory facilities for using gnotobiotes. The reader is then introduced to management and design of breeding and research facilities for gnotobiotic mice; practical factors associated with providing adequate nutrition for laboratory mice; and environmental and equipment monitoring. Subsequent chapters deal with the basic biology of the mouse, including anatomy, embryology, reproductive physiology, physiology, endocrinology, hematology, clinical biochemistry, and gastrointestinal microflora. The book also examines immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin genes; lymphocyte immunogenetics; immune response disorders; and biomethodology and surgical techniques.  This monograph will be useful to biologists, immunologists, researchers, and others those who use mice in the laboratory or are concerned with the production and maintenance of colonies of mice.

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Henry L. Foster, J. David Small, James G. Fox

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Algebra and Trigonometry presents the essentials of algebra and trigonometry with some applications. The emphasis is on practical skills, problem solving, and computational techniques. Topics covered range from equations and inequalities to functions and graphs, polynomial and rational functions, and exponentials and logarithms. Trigonometric functions and complex numbers are also considered.  Comprised of 11 chapters, this book begins with a discussion on the fundamentals of algebra, each topic explained, illustrated, and accompanied by an ample set of exercises. The proper use of algebraic notation and practical manipulative skills such as factoring, using exponents and radicals, and simplifying rational expressions is highlighted, along with the most common mistakes in algebra. The reader is then introduced to the solution of linear, quadratic, and other types of equations and systems of equations, as well as the solution of inequalities. Subsequent chapters deal with the most basic functions: polynomial, rational, exponential, logarithm, and trigonometric. Trigonometry and the inverse trigonometric functions and identities are also presented. The book concludes with a review of progressions, permutations, combinations, and the binomial theorem.  This monograph will be a useful resource for undergraduate students of mathematics and algebra.

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Handbook on Parent Education presents a contemporary picture of the state of the parent education movement. It tackles a number of critical issues such as the programs that are available or when parent education should begin. Different models of parent education are described, along with parenting programs for youth. The application of parenting programs for specific groups, including foster parents, parents of preschoolers, abusive parents, and parents of handicapped children, is also discussed.  Comprised of 14 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the parent education movement as well as several prototype programs and some ethical issues. The distinction between education and therapy is explained, and parent education with special interest groups is described. In addition, problems of research and evaluation and a projection for the future are presented. Subsequent chapters focus on the state of the nuclear family in American society during the 1970s; Rudolf Dreikurs' impact on childrearing practices and his contribution to individual psychology, together with the social context of child behavior; Haim Ginott's approach to parent education; and the effects of parent effectiveness training on families. Transactional analysis approaches to parent education and parent education as a strategy for the prevention of child abuse are also examined.  This monograph will appeal to educators, parents, sociologists, and educational psychologists.

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The Seventh of an Annual Series of Symposia in the Area of Cognition under the Sponsorship of Carnegie-Mellon University

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Information Processing in Children is a collection of papers from the Seventh Annual Series of Symposia in the Area of Cognition. This collection discusses developmental data that are important to a complete theory of human information process and describes information-processing technologies used in developmental function studies. One paper reviews the developments in information processing in children that includes descriptions of the sensory system, intermodal connections, short- and long-term memory. Several papers also discuss developments in the basic mechanisms, such as those relating to perceptual phenomena, equivalence systems, and memory strategies. Several papers then deal with psychological considerations in building a model to cognitive development and learning. An example pertains to information processing tendencies in empirical studies and theoretical implications for cognitive learning abilities. One paper then discusses computer simulation, while another reviews papers written by Cellerier, as well as by Klahr and Wallace, which tackle the role of simulation in developmental research. This compendium can prove helpful for child psychologists, counselors, pediatricians, and child educators and teachers.

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Introductory Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences

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Introductory Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences is a workbook on statistical procedures and formulas that are relevant to research and field work. The book explains frequency distributions, graphs, and measures of central tendency. The workbook uses as example hypothetical scores of a test given to students in four universities. The book then has sections on reminders and problems to guide the reader. Other topics the book discusses include measures of variability, transformed scores, probability, and general strategy of inferential statistics. Other subjects the book also covers include inferences about the mean of a single population and testing hypotheses about the differences between the means of two populations. The workbook also includes practice problems on linear correlation, prediction, and other correlational techniques such as the Spearmen rank-order correlation coefficient or the point biserial correlation coefficient. The book also includes review chapters on normal curves, standard error procedures, and inferential statistics. The workbook can be a great aid for students of behavioral and physical sciences where statistics is applied in research and analysis.

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Developments in Psychology and Psychometrics

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Test Design: Developments in Psychology and Psychometrics is a collection of papers that deals with the diverse developments contributing to the psychometrics of test design. Part I is a review of test design including practices being used in test development. Part II deals with design variables from a psychological theory that includes implications of verbal comprehension theories in the role of intelligence and the effects of these implications on goals, design, scoring, and validation of tests. Part III discusses the latent trait models for test design that have numerous advantages in problems involving item banking, test equating, and computerized adaptive testing. One paper explains the use of the linear exponential model for psychometric models in speed test construction. The book discusses the traditional psychometric; the Hunt, Frost, and Lunnerbog theory; and the single-latency distribution model. Part IV examines test designs from the perspective of test developments in the future integrating technology, cognitive science, and psychometric theories. Psychologists, psychometricians, educators, and researchers in the field of human development studies will value this book.

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Lung Development: Biological and Clinical Perspectives, Volume II: Neonatal Respiratory Distress is a collection of papers that addresses the needs of small infants who have respiratory diseases. This volume deals with fetal lung development with emphasis on hyaline membrane disease. This book also presents basic information on pulmonary surfactant in the clinical area, particularly in 1) diagnosis and movement of neonatal respiratory distress; 2) prenatal assessment of fetal lung maturity; and 3) prevention of hyaline membrane disease with corticosteroid therapy. One paper reviews the essential clinical aspects of hyaline membrane disease, while another paper discusses data of the physiology of surfactant from a patient with hyaline membrane disease. Another paper examines the radiology of hyaline membrane disease, transient tachypnea of the newborn, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia; this paper also describes the radiographic techniques to be applied on infants. Other papers cite a treatment using antepartum glucocorticoid, as well as other clinical trials involving antenatal corticosteroid. One paper proposes a design and organization of a multicenter clinical trial that will study the effects of corticosteroid in the development of the human lung. This book can prove useful for pediatricians, specialists in respiratory diseases, and researchers whose work involves cardiovascular medicine and radiology.

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Laboratory Animal Medicine is a compilation of papers that deals with the diseases and biology of major species of animals used in medical research. The book discusses animal medicine, experimental methods and techniques, design and management of animal facilities, and legislation on laboratory animals. Several papers discuss the biology and diseases of mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, and rabbits. Another paper addresses the dog and cat as laboratory animals, including sourcing of these animals, housing, feeding, and their nutritional needs, as well as breeding and colony management. The book also describes ungulates as laboratory animals, including topics on sourcing, husbandry, preventive medical treatments, and housing facilities. One paper addresses primates as test animals, covering the biology and diseases of old world primates, Cebidae, and ferrets. Some papers pertain to the treatment, diseases, and needed facilities for birds, amphibians, and fish. Other papers then deal with techniques of experimentation, anesthesia, euthanasia, and some factors (spontaneous diseases) that complicate animal research. The text can prove helpful for scientists, clinical assistants, and researchers whose work involves laboratory animals.

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James G. Fox, Bennett J. Cohen, Franklin M. Loew

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Veterinary Virology deals with basic biomedical virology and the clinical discipline of infectious diseases. The book discusses the principles of virology as effecting future developments in the search for preventive and management of infectious diseases in animals, whether singly or as a whole herd or flock. Part I explains the principles of animal virology including the structure, composition, classification, nomenclature, cultivation, and assay of viruses. This part also discusses viral genetics, replication, and evolution (including mutation and genetic engineering). The book also reviews the pathogenesis of viruses, host resistance and susceptibility, as well as the mechanisms of persistent infections and tumor induction. Part II deals with viruses found in domestic animals; this part also explains in detail the properties, replication methods, pathogenesis, immunity, diagnosis, and control of some common viruses. The book discusses some other families of viruses of which no members are yet known as to have caused serious or important diseases in animals. Veterinarians, immunologists, virologists, molecular researchers, students, and academicians in the discipline of virology and cellular biology, as well as livestock owners will find this book helpful.

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Frank J. Fenner, Peter A. Bachmann, E. Paul J. Gibbs

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Distributional Consequences of Direct Foreign Investment

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Distributional Consequences of Direct Foreign Investment examines the net effect of direct foreign investment (DFI) on both U.S. employment demand in the short run and on the level and distribution of domestic income in the long run. Topics covered range from measurement of home-foreign substitution to the employment impact of DFI and the long-run distributional consequences of overseas investment. Short-run labor market adjustments to unemployment resulting from overseas production transfers are also discussed.   Comprised of nine chapters, this volume begins with a survey of existing studies of the DFI phenomenon that critically evaluates the question of what firms would or could have done in the absence of a DFI alternative. The reader is then introduced to an alternative framework within which to estimate the degree of substitutability of home for foreign production. This framework consists of a microeconomic model of the multinational firm as it operates under two alternative policy regimes, one of which places no restrictions on the firm's activities and the second denies it the option of establishing a foreign production subsidiary. Input-output techniques, together with information on substitutability, are used to obtain estimates of the net employment impact of DFI. A probabilistic model of an industry labor market is also presented. In addition, the book analyzes the effect of technology transfer through licensing on the size and composition of domestic income.  This monograph will be useful to practitioners who employ econometrics and mathematical economics.

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Robert H. Frank, Richard T. Freeman, Karl Shell

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Algebra presents the essentials of algebra with some applications. The emphasis is on practical skills, problem solving, and computational techniques. Topics covered range from equations and inequalities to functions and graphs, polynomial and rational functions, and exponentials and logarithms. Trigonometric functions and complex numbers are also considered, together with exponentials and logarithms.  Comprised of eight chapters, this book begins with a discussion on the fundamentals of algebra, each topic explained, illustrated, and accompanied by an ample set of exercises. The proper use of algebraic notation and practical manipulative skills such as factoring, using exponents and radicals, and simplifying rational expressions is highlighted, along with the most common mistakes in algebra. The reader is then introduced to the solution of linear, quadratic, and other types of equations and systems of equations, as well as the solution of inequalities. Subsequent chapters deal with the most basic functions of algebra: polynomial, rational, exponential, and logarithm. The book concludes with a review of sequences, permutations and combinations, and the binomial theorem, as well as summation and mathematical induction.   This monograph will be a useful resource for undergraduate students of mathematics and algebra.

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The Mathematical Structure of Raster Graphics

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The Mathematical Structure of Raster Graphics presents a mathematical characterization of the structure of raster graphics, a popular and diverse form of computer graphics. The semantics and theory of the mathematical structure of raster graphics are discussed. Notations that help to clarify some of the concepts generally considered to be fundamental to computer graphics are included.   Comprised of seven chapters, this book begins with a description of a general framework for specifying and manipulating scenes. Basic graphic entities, called primitive graphic objects, are defined using a simple notation over a Euclidean space. The reader is then introduced to a semantics of visibility; a mathematical semantics of rendering, developed using the very basic notion of measure; and a mathematical formalization of bit-mapped graphics. A framework for specifying illumination models is also described, along with the complexity of abstract ray tracing.  This monograph will be a useful resource for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and practitioners in the fields of mathematics and computer graphics, and to those with some basic computer graphics background.

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Programming in an Object-Oriented Environment

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Programming in an Object-Oriented Environment provides an in-depth look at the concepts behind the technology of object-oriented programming.  This book explains why object-oriented programming has the potential to vastly improve the productivity of programmers and how to apply this technology in a practical environment. Many programming examples are included, focusing on how different programming languages support the core of object-oriented concepts. C++ is used as the main sample language throughout this text.  This monograph consists of two major parts. Part I provides an introduction to object-oriented concepts, their rationale and their implementation in programming languages. The object-oriented approach to programming in an object-oriented environment is discussed in Part II.  This publication is intended for software professionals who are interested in learning the fundamental concepts of object-oriented programming and how to apply these concepts in a practical computer environment.

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with Linear Algebra and Finite Mathematics

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Introductory College Mathematics: With Linear Algebra and Finite Mathematics is an introduction to college mathematics, with emphasis on linear algebra and finite mathematics. It aims to provide a working knowledge of basic functions (polynomial, rational, exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric); graphing techniques and the numerical aspects and applications of functions; two- and three-dimensional vector methods; the fundamental ideas of linear algebra; and complex numbers, elementary combinatorics, the binomial theorem, and mathematical induction.  Comprised of 15 chapters, this book begins with a discussion on functions and graphs, paying particular attention to quantities measured in the real number system. The next chapter deals with linear and quadratic functions as well as some of their applications. Tips on graphing are offered. Subsequent chapters focus on polynomial functions, along with graphs of factored polynomials; rational functions; exponential and logarithm functions; and trigonometric functions. Identities and inverse functions, vectors and matrices, and trigonometry are also explored, together with complex numbers, linear transformations, and the geometry of space. The book concludes by considering finite mathematics, with particular reference to mathematical induction and the binomial theorem.  This monograph will be a useful resource for undergraduate students of mathematics and algebra.

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Perspectives in Biometrics is a collection of articles that deals with the state of active and important research area in the field of biometrics, as well as the methodological aspects of particular biometrical data analyses. The book reviews the statistical analysis of a large data base by using interactive computing and data analysis facilities as shown in the Albany Heart Study. One paper presents a survey of adaptive sampling techniques used in clinical trials, while another discusses computer-aided prognosis that can be useful in predicting the survival rate after the diagnosis and treatment of a serious disease. Another paper explains the use and interpretation of multivariate methods used in classifying the different stages encountered in infectious diseases of the critically ill. For example, the data bank in the Clinical Research CenterAcute is analyzed for a set of measurements that are then inputted in a computer base for later retrieval. The book also discusses "nonparametric estimation" that concerns estimates of distribution densities and cumulatives, as well as the use of "percentile points" to obtain decision rules in parametrization problems. The text can prove valuable for statisticians, students, and professors of calculus and advanced mathematics.

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Continuum Physics: Volume 1  Mathematics is a collection of papers that discusses certain selected mathematical methods used in the study of continuum physics. Papers in this collection deal with developments in mathematics in continuum physics and its applications such as, group theory functional analysis, theory of invariants, and stochastic processes. Part I explains tensor analysis, including the geometry of subspaces and the geometry of Finsler. Part II discusses group theory, which also covers lattices, morphisms, and crystallographic groups. Part III reviews the theory of invariants that includes isotrophy, transverse isotrophy, and nonpolynomial invariants. Part IV explains functional analysis that also includes set theory, vector spaces, topological spaces, and topological vector spaces. Part V deals with analytic function theory and covers topics, such as Cauchy's theorem, the residue theorem, and the Plemelj formulas. Part VI reviews the elements of stochastic processes and cites some examples where stochastic theory is applied. This book can be valuable for researchers and scientists involved in nuclear physicists, students, and academicians in the field of advanced physics.

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Elastodynamics, Volume II: Linear Theory is a continuation of Volume I and discusses the dynamical theory of linear isotropic elasticity. The volume deals with the fundamental theorems regarding elastodynamics and the different mathematical methods of solution and their employment in one, two, and three dimensions. The text outlines the fundamentals of linear elastodynamics and explains basic equations, displacement formulation, stress formulation, and the uniqueness theorem of elastodynamics. The book also investigates elastodynamic problems involving one-space dimension in governing boundaries, equations, and initial conditions. The book then compares two-dimensional problems as being subject to more precise mathematical analysis compared to three-dimensional situations by using scalar wave equations. The text then analyzes elastodynamic problems in three space dimensions when the solution depends on the condition of separability of the vector wave equation and the satisfaction of the boundary conditions. The diffraction of elastic waves is also described using two approaches: the integral equation method or the Eigen function technique. The book can prove valuable to researchers and practitioners whose work involves advanced statistics, general physics, and thermodynamics.

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Representation and Use of Knowledge by Computers

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Associative Networks: Representation and Use of Knowledge by Computers is a collection of papers that deals with knowledge base of programs exhibiting some operational aspects of understanding. One paper reviews network formalism that utilizes unobstructed semantics, independent of the domain to which it is applied, that is also capable of handling significant epistemological relationships of concept structuring, attribute/value inheritance, multiple descriptions. Another paper explains network notations that encode taxonomic information; general statements involving quantification; information about processes and procedures; the delineation of local contexts, as well as the relationships between syntactic units and their interpretations. One paper shows that networks can be designed to be intuitively and formally interpretable. Network formalisms are computer-oriented logics which become distinctly significant when access paths from concepts to propositions are built into them. One feature of a topical network organization is its potential for learning. If one topic is too large, it could be broken down where groupings of propositions under the split topics are then based on "co-usage" statistics. As an example, one paper cites the University of Maryland artificial intelligence (AI) group which investigates the control and interaction of a meaning-based parser. The group also analyzes the inferences and predictions from a number of levels based on mundane inferences of actions and causes that can be used in AI. The collection can be useful for computer engineers, computer programmers, mathematicians, and researchers who are working on artificial intelligence.