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Sensory Processes at the Neuronal and Behavioral Levels

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Sensory Processes at the Neuronal and Behavioral Levels is a collection of papers dealing with problems of functional organization of the visual and auditory systems. One paper points out that neurophysiological and psychophysiological research in vision can be combined. The paper compares the cat's contrast stimulation by Hermann's grid that elicits neuronal responses of cells with concentric and simple fields as being similar to the subjective vision in man. Another paper addresses the sources of information in the perception of visual spatial relations. For example, eye movements as the source of information about visual spatial relations are refuted. The visual system already estimates accurately the spatial properties of an object before the onset of eye movements. Another paper discusses certain concepts about the mechanisms of the auditory system. One paper presents the results of an experiment involving some adult cats. They were lightly anesthetized and their responses were recorded when the inferior colliculus, or the left and right auditory cortex were stimulated electrically. Another paper analyzes the mechanism used by insect in recognizing species-specific songs. This book is suitable for neurophysiologists, neurochemists, and researchers dealing with physiological acoustics and the psychophysics of the visual system.

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Metabolic Pathways, Third Edition, Volume V: Metabolic Regulation presents the regulation of metabolism in terms of the control of protein synthesis. This book discusses the significance of the control of metabolism in regard to the remarkable mechanisms involved and to the provision of an effective conceptual framework for appreciating the workings of the cell.  Organized into 15 chapters, this edition begins with an overview of the numerous and diversified activities of a living cell. This text then examines the ability of living organisms to regulate the storage and mobilization of metabolizable energy. Other chapters consider the cytochrome system that represents the final common path of oxidation and coupled phosphorylation in the eukaryotic cell. This book discusses as well the profound changes that cell metabolism undergoes during differentiation. The final chapter deals with the chemical and genetic bases of the induction response in Gram-positive bacteria.  This book is a valuable resource for biologists and physicians.

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Stochastic Models in Biology describes the usefulness of the theory of stochastic process in studying biological phenomena. The book describes analysis of biological systems and experiments though probabilistic models rather than deterministic methods. The text reviews the mathematical analyses for modeling different biological systems such as the random processes continuous in time and discrete in state space. The book also discusses population growth and extinction through Malthus' law and the work of MacArthur and Wilson. The text then explains the dynamics of a population of interacting species. The book also addresses population genetics under systematic evolutionary pressures known as deterministic equations and genetic changes in a finite population known as stochastic equations. The text then turns to stochastic modeling of biological systems at the molecular level, particularly the kinetics of biochemical reactions. The book also presents various useful equations such as the differential equation for generating functions for birth and death processes. The text can prove valuable for biochemists, cellular biologists, and researchers in the medical and chemical field who are tasked to perform data analysis.

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Multivariate Statistical Inference is a 10-chapter text that covers the theoretical and applied aspects of multivariate analysis, specifically the multivariate normal distribution using the invariance approach.  Chapter I contains some special results regarding characteristic roots and vectors, and partitioned submatrices of real and complex matrices, as well as some special theorems on real and complex matrices useful in multivariate analysis. Chapter II deals with the theory of groups and related results that are useful for the development of invariant statistical test procedures, including the Jacobians of some specific transformations that are useful for deriving multivariate sampling distributions. Chapter III is devoted to basic notions of multivariate distributions and the principle of invariance in statistical testing of hypotheses. Chapters IV and V deal with the study of the real multivariate normal distribution through the probability density function and through a simple characterization and the maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters of the multivariate normal distribution and their optimum properties. Chapter VI tackles a systematic derivation of basic multivariate sampling distributions for the real case, while Chapter VII explores the tests and confidence regions of mean vectors of multivariate normal populations with known and unknown covariance matrices and their optimum properties. Chapter VIII is devoted to a systematic derivation of tests concerning covariance matrices and mean vectors of multivariate normal populations and to the study of their optimum properties. Chapters IX and X look into a treatment of discriminant analysis and the different covariance models and their analysis for the multivariate normal distribution. These chapters also deal with the principal components, factor models, canonical correlations, and time series.  This book will prove useful to statisticians, mathematicians, and advance mathematics students.

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Narayan C. Giri, Z. W. Birnbaum, E. Lukacs

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Mass Society deals with the total outlook of human including modern politics culture, social inequality, community life, and problems. The book reviews the history of democracy and discontent. The text analyzes the mob rule, the disenchantment of progress, and the history of democracy. Modern sociological theory explains the opposition of two extreme societal models to describe the historical dynamics of mankind.   The book is an attempt to explain that a mass society outlook exists and has some inner coherence and distinctive quality. The author argues that such outlook or theory is a prominent feature in the cultural imagination of man, and that modern secular society cannot be understood without such theory. The author then proceeds to identify majority with mass, and the identification of human with mass human. This identification will lead to a community vision, though the author argues the growth of a mass interpretation of society has a negative effect on the liberal theory of the individual. The text can be interesting for political science majors, sociologists, psychologists, and economists.

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Methods of Animal Experimentation, Volume V: Nutrition, Aging, and Artificial Organs is a collection of papers that deals with methods to be used in animal experiments to achieve cost effectiveness in their use. This collection discusses laboratory animals used in different experiments such as in nutritional research, aging studies, and artificial organ research. The papers describe the species of animals appropriate for the kind of experiment to be conducted and the criteria that should be followed in choosing a certain species. These criteria include their growth rate, stage of development, as well as existing performance variations. In determining test animals for aging experiments, the book recommends that complete data be available on the genetics of the species, strain, diet history, environmental factors, breeding, and spontaneous diseases to approximate the best test results. The book addresses that the aged are more susceptible to inputs than the young in terms of morphological and functional age. In selecting test animals for artificial organ research, the book notes the importance of animal selection that will be determined, for example, by 1) the size of the prosthesis; 2) the amount of blood flow needed for the device differs in animals and man; and 3) the surgical techniques that will be employed. This book will prove helpful for laboratory workers, veterinarians, and technicians working with laboratory animals. This collection will also be appreciated by researchers designing medical and scientific tests.

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General Equilibrium, Growth, and Trade: Essays in Honor of Lionel McKenzie provides information pertinent to the three main areas of Professor McKenzie's scientific research, namely, international trade, economic growth, and general equilibrium theory. This book highlights the main aspects of McKenzie's work.  Organized into three parts encompassing 21 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the regularizing effects of aggregation over nonregular microrelations. This text then examines the theory of a multiperiod monopolist incurring nonseparable labor adjustment costs, which is developed when investment is irreversible. Other chapters consider the behavior of a price-maker in a competitive market as a preliminary step to a more complete analysis of pure competition. This book discusses as well the effects of uncertainty on optimal decisions, which constitutes an increasingly essential area of economic research. The final chapter deals with the general equilibrium macroeconomic model.  This book is a valuable resource for economists and economic theorists.

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Jerry R. Green, Josè Alexandre Scheinkman

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Fundamentals of Psychology: An Introduction focuses on issues that cut through the artificial boundaries commonly held in the study of behavior. The book reviews the nature of the organism in terms of basic neurology, including the neurological organization of the central nervous system and the general features of brain development. The author also examines the normal course of development of the visual systems. He discusses fixed patterns of behavior and the developmental processes that include emotional behavior, self-control, language use, perceptual, and cognitive development. The author then explains the use of statistical concept in psychological research, as well as the psychological methods of inquiry that involves variable manipulation and observation of effects. The author also discusses learning and motivation theory including the theories of Pavlov, Skinner, and Premack. He discusses the organism as an information processor using short- and long-term memory, and the mind as having physical aspects such as brain codes and a brain structure known as the corpus callosum. This book is helpful for psychiatrists, psychologists, behavioral scientists, students and professors in psychology.

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Research Surgery and Care of the Research Animal

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Patient Care, Vascular Access, and Telemetry

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Methods of Animal Experimentation, Volume VII: Research Surgery and Care of the Research Animal, Part A is a collection of papers that deals with methods used in animal experiments involving patient care, vascular access, and telemetry. This book concerns technologies in experimental surgery  complicated procedures requiring longer observation time of the test animal, and an increase in the spectrum of animals that can be used. One paper describes the anesthesia, analgesia, and kinds of restraints that are suited for the test animal. A wide array of choices of inhalational agents, injectable, local anesthesia (lidocaine), analgesics (opioids and aspirin), and restraint (nonanesthesia and neuromuscular-blocking agents) is available for the researcher to choose from. Several authors also describe the use of telemetry devices that are implantable in test animals to achieve minimal interference from the investigator. These devices include sensors such as flow transducers and probes to use in pulse or continuous wave-applications; electromagnetic flowmeters for blood monitoring; and integrated circuits for various applications. One paper discusses postoperative care including a patient care checklist, treatment of common postoperative complications, as well as venous catheters for fluid administration. This text will be appreciated by veterinarians, technicians dealing with laboratory animals, and researchers designing animal and medical experiments.

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Plant Biosystematics is a compendium of papers from a symposium titled "Plant Biosystematics: Forty Years Later" held in Montreal in July 1983. This collection reviews the current field of biosystematics, particularly the evolution of natural biota, and how plant biosystematics can contribute to the welfare of humans. One paper reviews biosystematics, compares new approaches, and discusses the latest trend in comparative, molecular evolution of genes. One author discusses the cytology and biosystematics concerning the discontinuities and genetic independence occurring in the evolutionary process. Another author discusses chromosome pairing in species and hybrids that includes models of chromosome pairing in diploids. The text also describes chromosome banding and biosystematics, as well as the problems of chromosome banding that should be addressed to in future research. With estimates of the number of species being threatened with extinction numbering around 20,000 one paper address the issue of conservation and biosystematics. The author suggests that more biological information should be published to avoid duplication of effort, and possibly drive scientists to have their views more widely felt. Agriculturists, botanists, conservationists, environmentalists, and researchers in the field of botany, conservation, and plant genealogy will find this book valuable.

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A Theory of Economic Systems is a systematic inquiry into the nature of historical economic systems, their relationships to each other, their peripheral areas, and the ways in which they and their components have evolved over time. Topics covered include modes of production; coordination of resource use; functions of the state in the economy; and the institutions of money and property.  Comprised of nine chapters, this book begins with a brief introduction to the frame of reference; basic definitions of the terms used in economic systems; methodological issues; and the bounds of the inquiry. The next chapters are devoted to modes of production or forms of productive organization. Ten distinct modes of production are identified, with different modes sometimes dominant in different fields of economic activity (agriculture, industry, wholesale trade, urban services, etc.). The way the use of economic resources is coordinated both within and between modes is considered, with particular reference to markets, rationing, and central planning. Subsequent chapters focus on the role of the state and the public economy in economic systems; money and property; the ways in which separate economic systems may be drawn into meaningful multinational gestalts or orders; and problems of system classification. The book concludes by listing eight broad family types of systems into which most, if not all, historically experienced systems may fit.  This monograph should appeal to social scientists in varied fields of specialization such as geography, sociology, economic history, political science, and economics.

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Manuel Gottlieb, Charles Tilly, Edward Shorter

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Forecasting in Business and Economics presents a variety of forecasting techniques and problems. This book discusses the importance of the selection of a relevant information set.  Organized into 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the forecasting techniques that are useful in decision making. This text then discusses the difficulties in interpreting an apparent trend and discusses its implications. Other chapters consider how a time series is analyzed and forecast by discussing the methods by which a series can be generated. This book discusses as well the views of most academic time series analysts regarding the usefulness of searches for cycles in most economic and business series. The final chapter deals with the techniques developed for forecasting.  This book is a valuable resource for senior undergraduates in business, economics, commerce, and management. Graduate students in operations research and production engineering will also find this book extremely useful.

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Orthopaedic Mechanics: Procedures and Devices, Volume II covers the biomechanical considerations for designing orthopedic procedures and devices. This six-chapter volume emphasizes the mechanics of skeletal responses and rehabilitation devices.  The first chapter reviews the design development of a device for non-invasive evaluation of bone strength by determination of the in vivo modulus of elasticity of the tibia. The next chapters provide finite-element stress analyses of the proximal tibia and the stresses and deformations resulting from forcing a prosthesis into the medullary canal through a viscoelastic annular cylindrical tube model. These topics are followed by descriptions of a three-dimensional analysis for a more representative computation of muscle and joint forces. A chapter focuses on the features and applications of the Torqheel device for correcting a lower extremity rotational deformity causing foot misalignment. This dynamic device activates the corrective forces by a collapse of the rubber ribs when ground contact is made, thus creating a rotational displacement of the heel about in its center. The last chapter illustrates the implementation of some considerations of the biomechanical design in the case of some popular orthopedic implants.  This book will prove useful to orthopedic surgeons and orthopedic mechanics researchers.

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Research Surgery and Care of the Research Animal

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Surgical Approaches to the Organ Systems

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Methods of Animal Experimentation, Volume VII: Research Surgery and Care of the Research Animal, Part C is a collection of papers that deals with methods used in animal experiments concerning surgical approaches to certain organ systems such as the maxillofacial and skin systems. This collection deals with surgery involving the oral and maxillofacial, ophthalmic, skin systems, as well as research on canine immune systems and applications of microsurgery and laser surgery. One paper discusses orthognathic surgery including temporomandibular joint and dental implants. Another paper describes corneal procedures, lens extraction, and intraocular lenses. In discussing skin experimental surgery, the author explains procedures in flap anatomy, surgical healing, skin grafting, and burn treatment. The techniques in studying the immune systems of dogs include procedures dealing with peripheral blood, bone marrow, reactive cells, and tissues. Other authors explain the application of microsurgery to laboratory research including the equipment and techniques used, as well as the general principles of tissue transplantation into the animal's central nervous system. Another author discusses the use of lasers and special considerations such as laser restrictions and instrumentation. This book will be appreciated by laboratory assistants and scientists dealing with test animals, by veterinarians, and by researchers designing animal and medical experiments.

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Mechanisms of Eukaryotic DNA Recombination

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Mechanisms of Eukaryotic DNA Recombination is a collection of papers that discusses advances in eukaryotic genetic recombination. Papers address issues in eukaryotic genetic recombination, particularly DNA integration in mammalian genomes, genetic recombination in Drosophila or Caenorhabditis; the manipulation of the mouse genome; genome organization; and genetic recombination in protozoa. One paper discusses chromatid interactions during intrachromosomal recombination in mammalian cells, namely, intrachromatid and sister chromatid. Another paper analyzes the implication for chromosomal recombination and gene targeting; results on extrachromosomal recombination show that circles are inefficient substrates for recombination even if only one of two substrates in an intermolecular reaction is circular. One author discusses the genetics and molecular biology of recombination, citing the work of Watson and Crick, stating that crossing-over occurs between genes (not within them). He also explains that the formation and resolution of recombination intermediaries depend on enzyme or other proteins. This book will prove invaluable to cellular biologists, microbiologists, and researchers engaged in genetics and general biology.

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Income Tested Transfer Programs: The Case for and Against covers the proceedings of the 1979 conference of leading scientists, sponsored by the Institute for Research on Poverty. The contributors consider the contribution of social science knowledge and analysis in settling the arguments in the debate about the merits of income testing in transfer programs.   This text is divided into 13 chapters and begins with an overview of the history, stigmatization processes, and social cohesion of the program. The succeeding chapters define the terms income-tested and non-income-tested, as well as the historical importance of the income-testing issue. The discussion then shifts to the development of both income-tested and non-income tested programs in the United States. These topics are followed by surveys of the income support system and the issues in the income-testing debate. The remaining chapters provide evidence that most Americans have too much income testing in the overall income maintenance system. These chapters also present a reform agenda designed to reduce the role of income testing.   This book will be of value to social scientists, social welfare workers, and researchers.

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Perspectives on Aggression is a compendium of papers that discusses experimental research on human and group aggression. This compendium deals with the psychology of aggression including interracial aggression, environmental factors that contribute to aggression, and the role of mass media in "perpetuating" violence. A couple of papers review aggression in terms of variable aggression research and of the Darwinian Theory. One author notes that results of psychological studies of animals can suggest further hypotheses for human research. Another paper examines moral judgment in aggressive behavior such as shown in society's different attitudes toward an aggressive act. Another paper studies the effects of personality variables on aggressive behaviors, which indicate that some aggressive responses can be dependent on the control exerted toward such personality variables. Another paper reviews the works of Buss and Berkowitz, particularly the nature of arousal in aggression both from a physiological and a cognitive point of view. This book can be appreciated by psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, counselors, and officials related to issues of peace and security.

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Clinical Applications of Microcomputers in Communication Disorders

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Clinical Applications of Microcomputers in Communication Disorders is a comprehensive reference for the utilization of microcomputers in the field of communication disorders. The human-machine interface is discussed, along with word processing and data processing. The use of the microcomputer in the diagnosis and treatment of speech-language pathology is also reviewed.  Comprised of 13 chapters, this book begins with a historical perspective of the computer in society and its role in the field of communication disorders. The reader is then introduced to computer hardware and software, and computer languages are described with examples written in BASIC. Subsequent chapters focus on the challenge that society faces in learning to live with technology; word processing and data management; and specific applications of the computer in the fields of speech-language pathology and audiology. Programs that are either commercially available or are in the public domain are reviewed. The final chapter paints a picture of the clinic of the future and the role that will be played by the computer.  This monograph will be a useful resource for clinicians and other practicing professionals in the fields of speech pathology and audiology, including those who have an interest in, or need to stay current with, developments in the clinical management of communication disorders.

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The Brain, Cognition, and Education is a collection of papers that deals with cross-disciplinary communication. This book addresses the use of concepts, methodologies, and research results from other experiments in the conduct of finding new knowledge. One paper addresses the relationships among neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and education to arrive at cross-interdisciplinary communication. Other papers discuss attention, the brain, and the control of cognition; one paper notes that selective attention as a cognitive system with its own measurable features can be associated with underlying neural systems. Other authors deal with acquiring, representing, and using knowledge such as language learning, interplay between mind and experience, as well as the neuropsychology of memory. One paper examines infantile amnesia when early life experiences tend to be forgotten. The book then addresses cognitive and neural development, including neural developments before birth covering neurogenesis, cell migration, dendritic maturation, and synaptic development. One author reviews trends and directions in cognitive development and cites the works of Piaget, Simon, and Chomsky. One author presents several models of memory functions, while another author evaluates the possibilities of building bridges between education and the neurosciences. Many psychologists, neuroscientists, phoneticians, philosophers, and linguists will appreciate this book very highly.

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Sarah L. Friedman, Kenneth A. Klivington, Rita W. Peterson

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Proceedings of a Conference on Ring Theory Held in Park City, Utah, March 26, 1971

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Ring Theory provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of ring theory. This book covers a variety of topics related to ring theory, including restricted semi-primary rings, finite free resolutions, generalized rational identities, quotient rings, idealizer rings, identities of Azumaya algebras, endomorphism rings, and some remarks on rings with solvable units.  Organized into 24 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the characterization of restricted semi-primary rings. This text then examines the case where K is a Hensel ring and A is a separable algebra. Other chapters consider establishing the basic properties of the four classes of projective modules, with emphasis on the finitely generated case. This book discusses as well the non-finitely generated cases and studies infinitely generated projective modules. The final chapter deals with abelian groups G that are injective when viewed as modules over their endomorphism rings E(G).  This book is a valuable resource for mathematicians.