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Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Lunar and Terrestrial Minerals

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Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Lunar and Terrestrial Minerals makes available in a single reference work original descriptions and summaries of the research on infrared and Raman spectroscopy of lunar and terrestrial minerals so that this information will be readily available not only to those researchers in the continuing programs on lunar samples from the completed Apollo series and on the remote sensing of solar system objects, but, in particular, to that much larger group of researchers in government, industry, and universities involved in the many programs on terrestrial minerals and earth sciences by remote sensing.  The chapters in this volume are arranged according to spectroscopic technique and/or frequency range rather than application. Thus there are chapters on visible and near-infrared, followed by those on mid-infrared, far-infrared, and Raman spectroscopy. Applications are roughly divided between lunar and terrestrial, although the broad range of interchangeability of applications is obvious in many instances. There are also chapters on remote sensing of space targets and earth sciences; on lunar mineralogy and terrestrial mineralogy and geology; and on structures of lunar minerals and structures of terrestrial minerals.

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Molecular Biology of RNA: New Perspectives provides an overview of the developments in RNA research as well as the approaches, strategies, and methodologies used. Most of the contributing authors in the present volume participated in the Fifth Stony Brook Symposium entitled "New Perspectives on the Molecular Biology of RNA" in May 1986. The text is organized into six parts. Part I contains papers dealing with RNA as an enzyme. Part II presents studies on RNA splicing. Part III examines RNA viruses while Part IV focuses on the role of RNA in DNA replication. Part V is devoted to the structure, function, and isolation of RNA. Finally, Part VI takes up the role of RNA in regulation and repression. This volume will help provide new direction and insight for those already working on the subject and will serve as a useful guide to those about to start research in the molecular biology of RNA.

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Recent Progress of Life Science Technology in Japan

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Recent Progress of Life Science Technology in Japan discusses developments in cancer research technologies in Japan. In June 1983 an intra-cabinet panel of the Japanese Government drafted a 10-year strategy for cancer control, recognizing the importance of this field of research. A scientific research group was organized to comprise two sectionsthe first concerning the development and evaluation of DNA technologies, and the second on protein-related technologies.  In the promotion of fundamental cancer research, the development and refinement of basic technologies for each component of the ""triangle of bio-sciences""DNA, protein, and antibodyare essential, particularly in the elucidation of tumor-inducing and tumor-suppressing genes, tumor-specific antigens, and so forth. Part I of the book details the achievements of the first group in developing automated instrumentations for DNA sequencing. The second scientific research group worked on three major subareas: (1) gene transfer and expression technologies; (2) technologies for extraction, purification, and structural analysis of cancer-related proteins; and (3) technologies for analysis and synthesis of saccharide chains. Reports from these areas are respectively grouped in Part II, Part III, and Part IV of this monograph.

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Molecular Biology of Plant Tumors provides an opportunity to learn in detail about the latest insights into the mechanism of transformation of plant cells by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The study of the molecular mechanism responsible for the crown gall phenomenon (induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens) illustrates the point that the fundamental study of the cause(s) and mechanism(s) of abnormal growth might be one of the most efficient ways to understand cellular differentiation and the molecular basis of gene expression.   The book is organized into three parts that contain research on abnormal plant growth, crown gall tumors, and potential vectors for genetic engineering in agriculture. The genetic structure responsible for the neoplasmic transformation of plant cells in crown galls is a bacterial plasmid (called Ti for tumor-inducing). Research described in this volume demonstrates that these Ti plasmids were designed by evolution as natural gene vectors with which some bacteria can introduce active genes into plants. These transferred genes are maintained by integration in the plant genome and their expression is directly or indirectly responsible for the tumorous growth pattern.

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Microeconomic Simulation Models for Public Policy Analysis, Volume 1: Distributional Impacts is a collection of papers presented at a conference of the same title held in Washington, D.C. in March 1978. This collection discusses extended micro data models for first-round distributional analysis, models that incorporate behavioral responses to the policies being stimulated, models of macroeconomics, and models that have sectorial or regional impacts. One paper explains that increasing support for the negative income tax scheme can result in bigger increase in the budgetary cost of the program itself. Another paper evaluates the Kasten, Greenberg, Betson program as useful for policymakers to determine the distributional consequences of any proposed changes in policy in welfare reforms. With the oil embargo and energy crisis in the U.S., one author presents a model to measure the impacts these events have on energy consumers, especially on the lower-income group. Such model employs a comprehensive human resources data system that measures the distributional impacts of energy policies. This book is beneficial for policy makers and regulators involved in economic and public services. This book can also help sociologists and academicians in the field of political science and developmental studies.

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Essentials of Error-Control Coding Techniques

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Essentials of Error-Control Coding Techniques presents error-control coding techniques with an emphasis on the most recent applications. It is written for engineers who use or build error-control coding equipment. Many examples of practical applications are provided, enabling the reader to obtain valuable expertise for the development of a wide range of error-control coding systems. Necessary background knowledge of coding theory (the theory of error-correcting codes) is also included so that the reader is able to assimilate the concepts and the techniques.  The book is divided into two parts. The first provides the reader with the fundamental knowledge of the coding theory that is necessary to understand the material in the latter part. Topics covered include the principles of error detection and correction, block codes, and convolutional codes. The second part is devoted to the practical applications of error-control coding in various fields. It explains how to design cost-effective error-control coding systems. Many examples of actual error-control coding systems are described and evaluated.  This book is particularly suited for the engineer striving to master the practical applications of error-control coding. It is also suitable for use as a graduate text for an advanced course in coding theory.

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Virus Structure describes the physical characteristics of isolated viruses that represent typical structural groups, with particular reference to those features analyzed with the aid of the electron microscope.   For descriptive purposes, the book has been divided into sections starting with the small icosahedral viruses and leading to the larger and more sophisticated structures, regardless of whether they are animal, plant, or bacterial viruses. These include double-stranded DNA icosahedral viruses, herpesvirus, viruses with helical symmetry, and viruses with complex or a combination of symmetries. Many common architectural features will be found in those viruses selected for discussion in each of the sections, and for these reasons the introduction places some emphasis on the symmetry elements rather than the shapes of viruses. The mechanism by which viruses enter host cells and the events that follow once the cell has been infected are only mentioned briefly as the virus-host interaction is a relatively complex one.

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The Centrosome collates in one source the work of scientists actively engaged in studying various aspects of the centrosome, using a wide assortment of experimental approaches, techniques, and model systems. It provides useful background information on the present state of knowledge about the centrosome to researchers and advanced students interested in the organization and behavior of cells.    After presenting an overview of a particular area, the articles summarize work from the authors' own laboratories and include new, unpublished material. Emphasis is on the more dynamic aspects of the subject rather than on detailed descriptions. The contributions range from descriptions of the organization of the centrosome at the molecular level to speculations on how the centrosome may affect the behavior of entire cells.   Experimental studies are complemented by theoretical considerations to provide added insight into the structure and function of this organelle and by speculations on directions which appear most profitable for future studies. Controversial ideas and conflicting hypotheses, which often provide the driving force for new advances, have also been included.

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Aspects of Cell Regulation deals with the various aspects of cellular control mechanisms.   The book begins with a discussion of the role of hormones in the control of cell differentiation and biochemical control over the life of an organism. This is followed by separate chapters on an intracellular control problem, namely, the proper reproduction of cellular organelles and their apportionment between daughter cells at cell mitosis; cell mutants with different temporal order for macromolecular synthesis; and the control of a plant enzyme that converts triglycerides into carbohydrate during the early stages of postgerminative growth within seed cotyledon.   Subsequent chapters deal with the possible role of mitochondria in changing the control mechanism of cells to that associated with carcinogenesis; the possibility of transforming genes being detectable in the genome after the transformation to neoplastic cell; the correlation between viruses and tumor cells; and whether viruses can originate from cells rather than coming before cells.

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Human Judgment and Decision Processes in Applied Settings

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Human Judgment and Decision Processes in Applied Settings is the second to two volumes that attempt to define the areas of progress in the understanding of human decision making processes. The first volume, Human Judgment and Decision Processes (Academic Press, 1975) was concerned with formal and mathematical approaches to the problems of judgment and decision making. The major theoretical orientations (information integration theory, signal detection theory, portfolio theory, and multiattribute-utility measurement) were presented and their rationales discussed.   The present volume is concerned with the application of these theories, and the various techniques derived from them, to the problems of decision making in the everyday world. The chapters reflect the many modifications and adjustments that must be made to mathematical rules in order to apply decision theory models in the real world.    The tools described serve a broad variety of interests: those of the urban health or social planner, the organizational manager, the researcher, the educator, and, in fact, all of those who must weight evidence to reach decisions. Planner, manager, researcher, teacher, policymakerall will find assistance in overcoming the commonly encountered roadblocks when one must choose between alternatives in what remains an uncertain world.

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Inflammatory Cytokines, Receptors, and Diseases

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International Review of Experimental Pathology, Volume 34: Cytokine-Induced Pathology Part B: Inflammatory Cytokines, Receptors, and Disease presents experimental findings obtained from the most recently studied cytokines and growth factors.   The book is organized into three sections. Section I contains studies on pathology induced by inflammatory cytokines. Topics covered include the biological effects of interferon-?, tumor necrosis factor- a (TNF), interleukin-8, transforming growth factor-, and leukemia inhibitory factor on experimental animals; TNF-induced pathophysiologic alterations; and the biological activity of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). The papers in Section II examine cytokine receptors, including their structure and signal transduction; interferon-? (IFN-?) activity; and immunoregulatory role of TNF-a. Section III is devoted to cytokine receptors, including studies on TNF properties relevant to tissue injury and its role in T cell-mediated immunopathological reactions in vivo; the role of cytokines in experimental pulmonary fibrosis induced in mice; and the role of cytokines in bacterial meningitis.

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Search and Discovery: Tribute to Albert Szent-Gyorgyi is dedicated to Albert Szent-Gyorgyi and stems from a Symposium, ""Search and Discovery,"" held in his honor at Boston University School of Medicine. Szent-Gyorgyi, born in Budapest on September 16, 1893, established the Institute for Muscle Research at the Marine Biological Laboratory in 1947. His influence and impact extend beyond the confines of the laboratory. Throughout his life he was intensely concerned with the serious problems of mankind. He opposed Hitler and Stalin, and was outspoken against the involvement of the U.S. Government in the Vietnam War.  Starting with recollections of Albert Szent-Gyorgyi by John T. Edsall of Harvard University, the remainder of the text is organized into six parts that cover the fields of Szent-Gyorgyis major contributions and interests: metabolism, vitamin C, molecular mechanisms of muscle contraction, submolecular biology and cell growth, and cancer; the social interrelations of science were also not neglected. These milestones form the basis of this volume.

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New Trends in Genetic Risk Assessment is based on the Fifth International Round Table of the Rhone-Poulenc Sante Foundation, held in Nice 1987. The conference was an attempt to review the latest theories and mechanisms stipulated for the various aspects of genotoxicity; it was above all an open forum to discuss the new trends, the new tests, and the new battery of tests for assessing the genetic risk of chemicals and especially drugs.  This volume is actually not a proceedings of the meeting but a monograph specially edited to report the reviews which were presented and the discussions which took place; it was designed to provide a better understanding of the knowledge obtained in the most recent years and to help in the practical choice of approaches or tests for the prediction of the various forms of genotoxicity. The main subjects of this review concern molecular analysis of mutagenesis, detection of DNA damage, gene mutation, clastogenesis, aneuploidy, and germ cells. Each theme is preceded by a short overview summarizing the state of the art and the contributions of each author. Finally, special attention was given to the personal views of some leading toxicologists as to the battery of tests presently available or recommended.

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Membrane Research: Classic Origins and Current Concepts

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Membrane Research: Classic Origins and Current Concepts is a special volume of the International Review of Cytology dedicated to Dr. Danielli on the occasion of his retirement from official duties. The central theme of the volume is membranes. The diversity of topics ranges from the biogenesis of membranes and their components, to the use of optical and lectin probes as a means to study the structure, physiology, and interactions of cell components and organelles in plant and animal systems.  The book begins with a study on the cell surface of the mammalian embryo and the events associated with the formation of the differentiated blastocyst. This is followed by separate chapters on the structural associations between the inner and outer bacterial membrane; the interactions of cell wall and membrane in plant cells; the morphological and functional aspects of membranes; and methods for studying the physiology of cell and organelles at the membrane level. Subsequent chapters deal with the synthesis of cellular proteins and glycoproteins; techniques for fixing and preserving the ultrastructure of the membrane; the synthesis of artificial organelles; and the effects of drugs and chemicals on membrane transport utilizing kidney tissue and vesicles. This book provides an outstanding reference source for all scientific researchers and teachers.

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Artificial Intelligence provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of artificial intelligence. This book presents the basic mathematical and computational approaches to problems in the artificial intelligence field. Organized into four parts encompassing 16 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the various fields of artificial intelligence. This text then attempts to connect artificial intelligence problems to some of the notions of computability and abstract computing devices. Other chapters consider the general notion of computability, with focus on the interaction between computability theory and artificial intelligence. This book discusses as well the concepts of pattern recognition, problem solving, and machine comprehension. The final chapter deals with the study of machine comprehension and reviews the fundamental mathematical and computing techniques underlying artificial intelligence research. This book is a valuable resource for seniors and graduate students in any of the computer-related sciences, or in experimental psychology. Psychologists, general systems theorists, and scientists will also find this book useful.

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Earl B. Hunt, Edward C. Carterette, Morton P. Friedman

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Seasonality in Regression presents the problems of seasonality in economic regression models. This book discusses the procedures that may have application in practical econometric work. Organized into eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of the tremendous increase in the computational capabilities made by the development of the electronic computer that has profound implications for the way seasonality is handled by economists. This text then examines some seasonal models and their characteristics. Other chapters consider the most frequently applied evaluation criteria and appraise the values in the applications. This book discusses as well the frequency domain estimators and provides insight into problems of estimating the disturbancecovariance matrix through the use of the disturbance spectrum. The final chapter deals with the main objective of the treatment of personality to formulate and estimate econometric models. This book is a valuable resource for economists and econometricians who have knowledge of econometrics at an advanced undergraduate or graduate level.

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Mathematical Techniques of Applied Probability

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Mathematical Techniques of Applied Probability, Volume 1: Discrete Time Models: Basic Theory provides information pertinent to the basic theory of discrete time models. This book introduces the tools of generating functions and matrix theory to facilitate a detailed study of such models. Organized into five chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the elementary theory of probability for discrete random variables. This text then reviews the concepts of convergence, absolute convergence, uniform convergence, continuity, differentiation, and integration. Other chapters consider the occurrence of general patterns of successes and failures in Bernoulli trials. This book discusses as well the matrix theory, which is used in the study of stochastic processes, particularly in the analysis of the behavior of Markov chains. The final chapter deals with the properties of a special class of discrete time chains. This book is a valuable resource for students and teachers.

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The Psychology of Private Events: Perspectives on Covert Response Systems provides evidence that the assessment and manipulation of private events such as thoughts, feelings, and images facilitates the prediction and control of human behavior. The individual contributions represent a variety of approaches to theorizing and research into private events, and to the clinical applications or potential applications which have been generated by such study. The authors have addressed themselves in creative and ingenious ways to such diverse topics as creating resistance to temptation; developing feelings of attraction to appropriate sex objects; training people to experience less pain; and having mental hospital patients practice being happier.  This book will be of primary interest to students and teachers of psychology, particularly those interested in behaviorally oriented clinical research and practice. Other professionals and teachers in the social sciences may also find it useful to become aware of the newer trends in psychology.

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Essays in Honor of William Hamilton Sewell

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Social Structure and Behavior: Essays in Honor of William Hamilton Sewell is a collection of 16 essays dealing with the social psychological aspects of schooling and achievement, social stratification and mobility, measurements and methods, and social structures and wellbeing. The collection discusses the political dimension of stratification, the results of observation of first-graders in their reading group assignments against their social background, and stereotyping practices held by dominant groups of society.  Anther papers use a causal model to analyze  occupational status and earnings of Cuban exiles in the U.S.; other authors discuss the effects of institutionalization of formal employment in Brazil, and propose a revision of the Duncan Scale by a more comprehensive set of occupational prestige scale. The book also analyzes measurements of ranked preferences using a single latent factor behind the ranked items. One authors points that some sociological terms can be misleading in propounding a sound theory when these terms themselves confound what they are supposed to correlate. The text also addresses the fundamental problems concerning welfare that include order, collective action, and consensus. This collection of essays can interest social workers, sociologists, psychologists, and researchers involved in community development.

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Robert M. Hauser, David Mechanic, Archibald O. Haller

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Numerical Solution of Partial Differential EquationsII, Synspade 1970

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Proceedings of the Second Symposium on the Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations, SYNSPADE 1970, Held at the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, May 11-15, 1970

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Numerical Solution of Partial Differential EquationsII: Synspade 1970 provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of partial differential equations. This book covers a variety of topics that range from mathematical numerical analysis to numerical methods applied to problems in mechanics, meteorology, and fluid dynamics. Organized into 18 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the methods of the RayleighRitzGalerkin type for the approximation of boundary value problems using spline basis functions and Sobolev spaces. This text then analyzes a special approach aimed at solving elliptical equations. Other chapters consider the approximation theoretic study of special sets of approximating functions. This book discusses as well combining the alternating-direction methods with Galerkin methods to obtain highly efficient procedures for the numerical solution of second order parabolic and hyperbolic problems. The final chapter deals with the results concerning Chebyshev rational approximations of reciprocals of certain entire functions. This book is a valuable resource for mathematicians.