# data[].attributes.description
Topology, Volume I deals with topology and covers topics ranging from operations in logic and set theory to Cartesian products, mappings, and orderings. Cardinal and ordinal numbers are also discussed, along with topological, metric, and complete spaces. Great use is made of closure algebra.   Comprised of three chapters, this volume begins with a discussion on general topological spaces as well as their specialized aspects, including regular, completely regular, and normal spaces. Fundamental notions such as base, subbase, cover, and continuous mapping, are considered, together with operations such as the exponential topology and quotient topology. The next chapter is devoted to the study of metric spaces, starting with more general spaces, having the limit as its primitive notion. The space is assumed to be metric separable, and this includes problems of cardinality and dimension. Dimension theory and the theory of Borei sets, Baire functions, and related topics are also discussed. The final chapter is about complete spaces and includes problems of general function theory which can be expressed in topological terms. The book includes two appendices, one on applications of topology to mathematical logics and another to functional analysis.  This monograph will be helpful to students and practitioners of algebra and mathematics.

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Foundations of Developmental Psychology is designed for the student seeking a comprehensive introduction to developmental psychology as a developmental science. The intent is to introduce the field in a manner comparable to the introductory courses that college students take in biology, chemistry, or physics. The emphasis is on the empirical and theoretical foundations of fundamental human development.    The book attempts to trace the origins and processes of various developmental events. Developmental phenomena are presented by topics rather than by chronological, age-related patterns of development. This arrangement of the subject matter provides for more efficient study, integration, and synthesis of the material, along with a more organized view of development. Key topics discussed include the genetic foundations of development; prenatal factors in development; the biological notion of maturation and its significance for development; motor and perceptual development; and cognitive, intellectual, language, emotional, personality, and social development.  Although this text is written for undergraduate students in psychology, it can be understood by students in any discipline who have a grasp of introductory psychology and biology.

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Numerical Methods of Mathematical Optimization

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Numerical Methods of Mathematical Optimization: With ALGOL and FORTRAN Programs reviews the theory and the practical application of the numerical methods of mathematical optimization. An ALGOL and a FORTRAN program was developed for each one of the algorithms described in the theoretical section. This should result in easy access to the application of the different optimization methods.  Comprised of four chapters, this volume begins with a discussion on the theory of linear and nonlinear optimization, with the main stress on an easily understood, mathematically precise presentation. In addition to the theoretical considerations, several algorithms of importance to the numerical application of optimization theory are described. The next chapter explains the computer programs used in actual optimization, which have the form of procedures or subroutines. The book concludes with an analysis of ALGOL and FORTRAN, paying particular attention to their use in global optimization procedures as well as for the simplex and duoplex methods and the decomposition, Gomory, Beale, and Wolfe algorithms.   This monograph will be helpful to students and practitioners of computer science and applied mathematics.

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Hans P. Künzi, H. G. Tzschach, C. A. Zehnder, Werner Rheinboldt

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Assessment Strategies for Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions is a collection of original contributions provided by leaders in the field who consider the theoretical and applied assessment issues related to the expanding field of cognitive-behavioral interventions. Chapters in the present volume, designed as a companion volume to an earlier text, Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions: Theory, Research, and Procedures, focus on the issues inherent in the measurement of cognitive and behavioral events and processes.  The book opens with an overview of recent growth in the field. Attention is devoted to examining several goals of the new assessment endeavors, some suggestions related to the proposed methods, and certain problems inherent in cognitive-behavioral assessments. Separate chapters follow that deal directly with a variety of specific content areas. These include a conceptualization of attributions, as well as describing their measurement and speculating as to their role in both the etiology and treatment of psychological disturbance; and suggestions for assessment in clinical interviews and for using psychometric instruments and discusses belief systems and irrationality.  Subsequent chapters focus on special populations and procedures.

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Computer Arithmetic in Theory and Practice

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Computer Arithmetic in Theory and Practice deals with computer arithmetic and the various implementations of the entire arithmetic package on diverse processors, including microprocessors. It illustrates the importance of theoretical development in the sound implementation of arithmetic on computers, and argues that such an implementation requires the establishment of various isomorphisms between different definitions of arithmetic operations.  Comprised of seven chapters, this volume begins with an introduction to the theory of computer arithmetic by giving an axiomatic characterization of the essential properties of sets and subsets; complete lattices and complete subnets; screens and roundings; and arithmetic operations. The discussion then turns to the concepts of a ringoid and a vectoid as well as those of ordered or weakly ordered ringoids and vectoids; interval arithmetic; and floating-point arithmetic. The operations in interval spaces are defined by means of semimorphisms. The final chapter shows how to embed the five basic data types (integer, real, complex, real interval, and complex interval) together with the arithmetic operations that are defined for all of these types into existing higher programming languages.   This book will be helpful to students and practitioners in the fields of computer science and applied mathematics.

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Ulrich W. Kulisch, Willard L. Miranker, Werner Rheinboldt

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A Lexicon of Economics compiles definitions and abbreviations of many commonly used economic terms and concepts.  This book begins by providing a list of abbreviations, acronyms, and foreign phrases, followed by the definition of economic terms that are organized into alphabetical order. This compilation aims to address two difficulties in the idiom of economicsfirst is the exact use of a very specific definition for a common word that has many diverse meanings in everyday usage, and secondly, the interpretation of acronyms and abbreviations frequently used in economic and financial discussions.  This monograph is suitable for professionals who want a handy, clear explanation of the economic terms they hear or read everyday.

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Proceedings of an International Symposium on the Theory of Machines and Computations Held at Technion in Haifa, Israel, on August 1619, 1971

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Theory of Machines and Computations consists of papers presented at the International Symposium on the Theory of Machines and Computations, held at Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, Israel, in August 1971.  This book is organized into five main sectionscomputability theory, formal and stochastic languages, finite automata, fault-detection experiments, and switching theory. In these sections, this compilation specifically discusses the computationally complex and pseudo-random zero-one valued functions and rate of convergence of local iterative schemes. The simple syntactic operators on full semiAFLs, whirl decomposition of stochastic systems, and existence of a periodic analogue of a finite automaton are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the theorems on additive automata, fault location in iterative logic arrays, and tree-threshold-synthesis of ternary functions.  This publication is useful to practitioners and specialists interested in the theory of machines and computations.

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Development in Statistics, Volume 3 is a collection of papers that deals with asymptotic expansions in parametric statistical theory, orthogonal models for contingency tables, statistical concepts in economic analysis, and an exposition of path analysis. One paper presents an inference model based on a sample of independent identically distributed observations to arrive at a general statistical theory founded on asymptotic methods. Another paper discusses the applicability of statistical concepts to economics and related areas, with emphasis on not-so-obvious applications (known as utility and expected loss). The paper explains information theory concepts for the measurement of income inequality, intergenerational occupational mobility, as well as to first- and second-order moments of univariate and bivariate distributions (such as measurements applied to the cost of living and of real income). One paper notes that the starting point in path analysis is a linear predictor (in the least-squares sense) for one random variable in terms of a number of others. The paper adds that the work of Koopmans and Hood (1953) on econometrics is part of the starting point. Statisticians, economists, mathematicians, students, and professors of calculus or advanced mathematics will surely appreciate the collection.

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Data Structures, Computer Graphics, and Pattern Recognition

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Data Structures, Computer Graphics, and Pattern Recognition focuses on the computer graphics and pattern recognition applications of data structures methodology.  This book presents design related principles and research aspects of the computer graphics, system design, data management, and pattern recognition tasks. The topics include the data structure design, concise structuring of geometric data for computer aided design, and data structures for pattern recognition algorithms. The survey of data structures for computer graphics systems, application of relational data structures in computer graphics, and observations on linguistics for scene analysis are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the design of satellite graphics systems, interactive image segmentation, surface representation for computer aided design, and error-correcting parsing for syntactic pattern recognition.  This publication is valuable to practitioners in data structures, particularly those who are applying real computer systems to problems involving image, speech, and medical data.

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The Estuary as a Filter contains the proceedings of the Estuarine Research Federations seventh biennial conference at Virginia Beach, Virginia, in late October, 1983. In five invited sessions, scientists and managers considered the physical, geological, chemical-geochemical, and biological processes involved in the ""filtering"" role of estuaries and reflected on management implications of these matters. Most of their presentations and reflections are included in this book in order to demonstrate what is known and what needs to be explored further.  The papers in this volume are grouped as they were presented at the conference. Thus, physical oceanographers begin the work by considering turbulence, mixing, and circulation processes in estuaries. Geologists then examine estuarine sedimentation, including the roles of flocculation and bioturbation in accelerating this process. Chemists and geochemists describe the interactions among and effects of inputs of nutrients, metals, and organic matter into estuaries, and the fate of radionuclides in these systems. Biological and biochemical processes involving surface foam, microbes, sea grasses, and wetlands are considered, along with carefully derived nutrient budgets of selected estuarine regions. Finally, some of the problems facing managers of estuarine ecosystems in three areas of the United States are described, along with the success story of the ongoing rehabilitation of the Thames Estuary in England.

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Attitudes, Conflict, and Social Change is based on a symposium on attitudes, social change, and intergroup conflict conducted on the University of Maryland campus. The book focuses on the following interrelated topics and issues: (1) The concepts of "attitude" and "attitude change" as they are used in psychological, sociological, and political science research. (2) How people change their attitudes and behavior in response to technological change and broad social currents as well as to specific persuasive communications delivered via the mass media or within an organization or a small group. (3) The role of attitudes and their modification in social change. (4) The role of attitudes in the genesis, the processes, and the outcomes of intergroup conflict at the level of the organization, at different societal levels, and at the international level. (5) The perplexing problems involved in determining how attitudes and overt behavior relate to each other. (6) Relationships between theories of attitude change and action programs designed to change attitudes in various social, cultural, ethnic, and national groups. (7) Relationships between laboratory experiments and field research involving attitude change. (8) The directions that future attitude research might take in order to be most productive with respect to both theory development and applications.

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Cognitive Development of Children and Youth

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Cognitive Development of Children and Youth: A Longitudinal Study presents a theory of cognitive development, including descriptive information and conclusions based on a longitudinal study.  This book discusses the mental operations in concept learning, results pertaining to comparisons between control groups and longitudinal blocks, and operations involving meaningful reception learning at the formal level. The conditions of learning and memory requirements, linguistic-relativity hypothesis, invariant sequencing, and rate and form of cognitive development across the school years are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the conditions contributing to rapid and slow cognitive development, longitudinal intervention study, and differences among concepts in age of attainment.  This publication is intended for individuals who are interested in the cognitive development of children and youth, as well as upper-division and graduate students in psychology, educational psychology, and education.

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Herbert J. Klausmeier, Patricia S. Allen, Allen J. Edwards

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Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals

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Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals, Third Edition, represents a major revision of the previous editions. Since the publication of the first edition of ""Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals,"" veterinary clinical biochemistry has enjoyed a virtual explosion of new knowledge commensurate with the increased importance of companion animals, the livestock industry, and experimental animals. This third edition brings together some of the most important areas of clinical biochemistry pertinent to these sectors.  For this purpose, new chapters on the reproductive hormones and clinical enzymology have been added, in addition to a rewriting of the chapters on renal function and plasma proteins and extensive revisions of all other chapters.    The volume contains 18 chapters and opens with discussions of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and associated disorders. This is followed by separate chapters on serum proteins and the dysproteinemias; porpyhrins; clinical enzymology; liver, pancreatic, and kidney function; and the physiology and pathophysiology of body fluids. Subsequent chapters deal with pituitary, adrenal, and thyroid function; skeletal muscle function; calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and iron metabolism; the mechanisms of homeostasis; and cerebrospinal fluid physiology.

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Iterative Methods for Large Linear Systems

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Iterative Methods for Large Linear Systems contains a wide spectrum of research topics related to iterative methods, such as searching for optimum parameters, using hierarchical basis preconditioners, utilizing software as a research tool, and developing algorithms for vector and parallel computers.  This book provides an overview of the use of iterative methods for solving sparse linear systems, identifying future research directions in the mainstream of modern scientific computing with an eye to contributions of the past, present, and future. Different iterative algorithms that include the successive overrelaxation (SOR) method, symmetric and unsymmetric SOR methods, local (ad-hoc) SOR scheme, and alternating direction implicit (ADI) method are also discussed. This text likewise covers the block iterative methods, asynchronous iterative procedures, multilevel methods, adaptive algorithms, and domain decomposition algorithms.  This publication is a good source for mathematicians and computer scientists interested in iterative methods for large linear systems.

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Developments in Statistics, Volume 4 reviews developments in the theory and applications of statistics, covering topics such as time series, identifiability and model selection, and missing data. The application of structured exploratory data analysis to human genetics, specifically, the mode of inheritance, is also considered.   Comprised of four chapters, this volume begins with an introduction to spectrum parameter estimation in time series analysis, restricting the discussion to the simplest univariate (that is, scalar) real-valued time series X(t). An accurate formulation of the general problem is presented. The accuracy of different consistent estimates obtained for large but fixed values of T (maximum likelihood estimates, Whittle's estimates, and simplified asymptotically efficient estimates) is also compared. The next chapter deals with identifiability and modeling in econometrics, focusing on the theoretical framework relating realization theory, identification, and parametrization. The realization theory is illustrated on various levels of generality by means of examples related to econometrics, along with some advanced applications of system theory. The book also examines inference on parameters of multivariate normal populations when some data are missing before concluding with an evaluation of structured exploratory data as applied to the study of the mode of inheritance.    This monograph will be of interest to students and practitioners of statistics.

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Generative Phonology: Description and Theory provides a basic understanding of the fundamental concepts of generative phonology and the applications of these concepts in further study of phonological structure.   This book is composed of 10 chapters and begins with a survey of phonology in the overall model of generative grammar and introduces the principles of phonetics to. The subsequent chapters introduce the fundamental concept of a phonological rule that relates an underlying representation to a phonetic representation and this concept is applied to the analysis of morphophonemic alternation. These topics are followed by a presentation of phonological sketches of four diverse languages in terms of rules relating underlying and phonetic representations, as well as the major corpus-internal principles and techniques of phonological analysis. The discussion then shifts to the theoretical aspects of phonology, the various degrees of abstractness, and the proposals to limit the divergence between underlying and phonetic representation. Other chapters deal with some of the issues revolving around the representation of sounds and the various hypotheses as to how phonological rules apply to convert the underlying representation to the phonetic representation, particularly the kinds of considerations that motivate rule-ordering statements. The last chapters explore the major notational devices commonly employed in the formulation of phonological rules and the role of syntactic and lexical information in controlling the application of phonological rules.  This book is intended primarily for linguistics and phonologists.

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Environmental Regulation of Microbial Metabolism

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Proceedings of the Federation of European Microbiological Societies Symposium Held in Pushchino, USSR 17 June 1983

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Environmental Regulation of Microbial Metabolism contains the proceedings of the Federation of European Microbiological Societies Symposium held in Pushchino, USSR, on June 1-7, 1983. The symposium provided a forum for reviewing the environmental regulation of the metabolism of autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms; regulation of the biogenesis of cell walls and other structures in prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms; and regulation of the secretion of macromolecules and transport of ions and solutes across microbial membranes.  Comprised of 52 chapters, this book begins with an overview of some aspects of environmental regulation of microbial phosphorus metabolism, followed by a discussion on the role of covalent interconversion of enzymes in the regulation of microbial metabolism. Subsequent chapters explore the role and regulation of inorganic pyrophosphatase in bacteria; the central metabolism of pseudomonads degrading xenobiotics; the role of nickel enzymes in anaerobic metabolism; and the oxidation of aromatic compounds by microalgae. The book also considers carbon metabolism in phototrophic bacteria under different conditions of growth, along with the transport of solutes and metabolites in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.  This monograph will be helpful to a wide range of specialists in the fields of biochemistry, physiology, molecular biology, and biotechnology.

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I. S. Kulaev, E. A. Dawes, D. W. Tempest

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The Theory of Positional Games with Applications in Economics

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The Theory of Positional Games with Applications in Economics deals with information and probabilistic extension of games in extensive forms, in normal forms, and to the existence of solutions of infinite games. The text also explains the application of existence of a solution to a von Neumann model with conflict interaction, and the theory of differential games based on Isaac's equations. The text describes in detail the definitions of a difference game, control sets of players, general strategies, optimal behavioral strategies. Isaac's approach to differential games is based primarily on the assumption of the sufficient smoothness of a Bellman's function. Bellman's function becomes smooth if control functions satisfy certain regularity conditions and smoothness conditions. Other approaches to differential games include the geometric properties of games and those of Avner Friedman and Nokolai Krasovsky. The computation of behavioral strategies in the Friedman approach is primarily based on Isaac's approach. Krasovky's approach is somewhat a generalization of both the geometrical approach and Friedman's approximation approach. The book is suitable for economists, statistician, mathematicians, students or professors of economics, business, and games theory.

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Iosif A. Krass, Shawkat M. Hammoudeh, Karl Shell

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Linear Integral Equations: Theory and Technique is an 11-chapter text that covers the theoretical and methodological aspects of linear integral equations.  After a brief overview of the fundamentals of the equations, this book goes on dealing with specific integral equations with separable kernels and a method of successive approximations. The next chapters explore the properties of classical Fredholm theory and the applications of linear integral equations to ordinary and partial differential equations. These topics are followed by discussions of the symmetric kernels, singular integral equations, and the integral transform methods. The final chapters consider the applications of linear integral equations to mixed boundary value problems. These chapters also look into the integral equation perturbation methods.  This book will be of value to undergraduate and graduate students in applied mathematics, theoretical mechanics, and mathematical physics.

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Topics in Phonological Theory is a six-chapter text that provides an explication of some of the most important problems in phonological theory, with a few, necessarily tentative, solutions.  The first chapter deals with the problem of abstractness in terms of a series of successively weaker constraints that might be placed on the relationship between the underlying and phonetic representations of a morpheme. The second chapter begins with a discussion of the various ways in which the phonetic basis of a rule may be lost in the course of historical change, which lays the groundwork for a lengthy survey of the types of grammatical and lexical conditions that may control the application of a phonological rule. The third chapter describes the constraints and conditions on phonological representations, particularly the domain of these constraints, the level at which they hold, and their duplication of phonological rules. The fourth chapter examines the problem of natural rule interactions, focusing on Kiparskys theories of maximal utilization and opacity-transparency and their deficiencies. The fifth chapter deals with Chomsky and Halles simultaneous application principle as well as with more recent proposals The sixth chapter compares the relative merits of global rules versus rule ordering for the description of opaque rule interactions.   This book is intended primarily for linguistics.