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Fertility in Massachusetts from the Revolution to the Civil War

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Fertility in Massachusetts from the Revolution to the Civil War focuses on the socioeconomic determinants of fertility differentials and trends in Massachusetts from 1765 to 1860.  The book provides useful insights into the nature of the development of Massachusetts in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Topics covered in the text include analysis of the differentials and trends in white fertility ratios at the national, regional, and state levels; differentials and trends in mortality rates in Massachusetts; impact of land scarcity and the role of urbanization and industrialization on fertility; relationship between modernization and changes in fertility in Massachusetts; and the correlation of the decline of fertility in the West with the situation in developing countries.  Demographers, sociologists, historians, researchers, and economists will find the book interesting.

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Maris A. Vinovskis, Charles Tilly, Edward Shorter

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The Shanidar Neandertals describes the functional morphology of the Neanderthals and their place in human evolution based on a paleontological study of fossils discovered at Shanidar Cave in northeastern Iraq. Functional interpretations are provided that describe and discuss the individual fossils. The phylogenetic implications of the Shanidar specimens are also discussed.  Comprised of 14 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the Neanderthal remains from the Shanidar Cave and the paleontological data obtained from the fossils. The discussion then turns to the history of the excavations in Shanidar Cave and the discoveries of the Neanderthals; morphometrics of the Shanidar remains; and determination of the age and sex of the Shanidar Neanderthals. Subsequent chapters focus on various aspects of the Neanderthal fossils, including the cranial and mandibular remains; the dental remains; the axial skeleton; and the upper and lower limb remains. The immature remains are also described, along with bodily proportions and the estimation of stature.  This monograph will be of interest to archaeologists, anthropologists, paleontologists, and paleopathologists.

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Analytic Computational Complexity contains the proceedings of the Symposium on Analytic Computational Complexity held by the Computer Science Department, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on April 7-8, 1975. The symposium provided a forum for assessing progress made in analytic computational complexity and covered topics ranging from strict lower and upper bounds on iterative computational complexity to numerical stability of iterations for solution of nonlinear equations and large linear systems.  Comprised of 14 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to analytic computational complexity before turning to proof techniques used in analytic complexity. Subsequent chapters focus on the complexity of obtaining starting points for solving operator equations by Newton's method; maximal order of multipoint iterations using n evaluations; the use of integrals in the solution of nonlinear equations in N dimensions; and the complexity of differential equations. Algebraic constructions in an analytic setting are also discussed, along with the computational complexity of approximation operators.  This monograph will be of interest to students and practitioners in the fields of applied mathematics and computer science.

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Pollution and Physiology of Marine Organisms

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Pollution and Physiology of Marine Organisms is a compendium of papers presented at the symposium on the effects of pollution on the physiological ecology of estuarine and coastal water organisms, held at the University of South Carolina.  The collection discusses the effects of a wide variety of toxicants emitted by settlers and factories in the great majority of coastal and estuarine areas on marine organisms. The studies are divided into five sections: heavy metals, pesticides and PCBs, oil and dispersants, synergistic effects of pollutants, and various environmental parameters.   Marine biologists, ecologists, environmentalists, biologists, zoologists, and researchers will find the book a good source of insight into the topic.

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Social Incentives: A Life-Span Developmental Approach presents a developmental perspective about universal social goals, one that provides an examination of human motivation over the life span.   The book aims to discover the kind of goals people display in their interactions with one another, how to understand them, how are they acquired, and how do they help in understanding human social behavior.  Discussions on the theory of social incentives from the point of view of developmental psychology; social motivations during the different stages of life; and the socialization process based on a life-span developmental model of social motivation brings us closer to understanding the topic.  Social and developmental psychologists, motivational experts, and clinicians will find the text invaluable.

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Spectrometric Techniques, Volume IV discusses three widely diversified areas of spectrometric techniques.  The book focuses on three spectrometric methods. Chapter 1 discusses the phenomenology and applications of Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS), the most commonly used optical technique that exploit the Raman effect. The second chapter is concerned with diffraction gratings and mountings for the Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectral Region. Chapter 3 accounts the uses of mass spectrometry, detectors, types of spectrometers, and ion sources.    Physicists and chemists will find the book a good reference material.

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Advanced Lectures in Quantitative Economics

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Advanced Lectures in Quantitative Economics summarizes some of the efforts of a second-phase program for first-rate candidates with a Master's degree in economics who wish to continue with a doctoral degree in quantitative economics.  This book is organized into three main topicsmacroeconomics, microeconomics, and econometrics. This text specifically discusses the Neo-Keynesian macroeconomics in an open economy, international coordination of monetary policies under alternative exchange-rate regimes, and prospects for global trade imbalances. The post-war developments in labor economics, introduction to overlapping generation models, and measurement of expectations and direct tests of the REH are also elaborated. This monograph likewise covers the dynamic econometric modeling of decisions under uncertainty and fundamental bordered matrix of linear estimation.  This publication is a good reference for students and specialists interested in quantitative economics.

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Probability Inequalities in Multivariate Distributions is a comprehensive treatment of probability inequalities in multivariate distributions, balancing the treatment between theory and applications. The book is concerned only with those inequalities that are of types T1-T5. The conditions for such inequalities range from very specific to very general.  Comprised of eight chapters, this volume begins by presenting a classification of probability inequalities, followed by a discussion on inequalities for multivariate normal distribution as well as their dependence on correlation coefficients. The reader is then introduced to inequalities for other well-known distributions, including the multivariate distributions of t, chi-square, and F; inequalities for a class of symmetric unimodal distributions and for a certain class of random variables that are positively dependent by association or by mixture; and inequalities obtainable through the mathematical tool of majorization and weak majorization. The book also describes some distribution-free inequalities before concluding with an overview of their applications in simultaneous confidence regions, hypothesis testing, multiple decision problems, and reliability and life testing.    This monograph is intended for mathematicians, statisticians, students, and those who are primarily interested in inequalities.

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Multivariable Calculus with Linear Algebra and Series

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Multivariable Calculus with Linear Algebra and Series presents a modern, but not extreme, treatment of linear algebra, the calculus of several variables, and series. Topics covered range from vectors and vector spaces to linear matrices and analytic geometry, as well as differential calculus of real-valued functions. Theorems and definitions are included, most of which are followed by worked-out illustrative examples.  Comprised of seven chapters, this book begins with an introduction to linear equations and matrices, including determinants. The next chapter deals with vector spaces and linear transformations, along with eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The discussion then turns to vector analysis and analytic geometry in R3; curves and surfaces; the differential calculus of real-valued functions of n variables; and vector-valued functions as ordered m-tuples of real-valued functions. Integration (line, surface, and multiple integrals) is also considered, together with Green's and Stokes's theorems and the divergence theorem. The final chapter is devoted to infinite sequences, infinite series, and power series in one variable.    This monograph is intended for students majoring in science, engineering, or mathematics.

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Ultrastructure in Biological Systems, Volume 7: The Anterior Pituitary presents the mechanisms involved in the release of adenohypophysial hormones. This book explores the morphological approach to fundamental aspects of pituitary cell biology.  Organized into eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of how the ultrastructure of cellular organelles can yield valid criteria of identification. This text then discusses the cellular and subcellular localization of anterior pituitary hormones by immunoelectron microscopy. Other chapters consider the localization of possible receptor sites for hormonal messengers on anterior pituitary cells. This book discusses as well the in vitro systems that have undergone a significant development, which is the ultrastructure and function of dispersed anterior pituitary cells. The final chapter deals with the ultrastructure of pituitary tumors, which can be divided into two categories, namely, functional and nonfunctional, according to the presence or the absence in the host of hormonal hypersecretion signs.  This book is a valuable resource for biochemists, endocrinologists, histologists, and pathologists.

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Handbook on Teaching Educational Psychology

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Handbook on Teaching Educational Psychology provides a wide-ranging survey of practices and problems in teaching educational psychology. This book evaluates and reviews the conceptual and methodological bases of the practices.  Organized into four parts encompassing 15 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the general problems encountered by the educational psychologists and the techniques for attacking those problems. This text then tackles the problems of defining the boundaries and content educational psychology. Other chapters consider the methodological tools and issues that are employed by educational psychologists in studying educational problems. This book discusses as well the general conceptual and theoretical models that have influences instructional development and research in educational psychology. The final chapter deals with some of the main issues and developments in teaching educational psychology, organized to distinguish between the graduate and undergraduate levels of instruction.  This book is a valuable resource for educational psychologists, teachers, and students.

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Donald J. Treffinger, J. Kent Davis, Richard E. Ripple

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The Psychology of Reading provides a fair and coherent overall picture of how reading is done and how it is best taught. It aims to relate reading to writing systems, analyze the process of reading from several viewpoints using research from diverse disciplines, and develop a model of reading to explain reading processes all the way from letter recognition to reading whole texts.  The book describes how children learn to read in different scripts, by different methods, and at different ages. It discusses different components of readingeye movements, letter and word recognition, sentence and prose reading, and so on, in beginning readers, in skilled or unskilled readers, as well as dyslexic readers. Brain-damaged patients with selective impairment of different components provide a ""natural laboratory"" to compare reading processes within one script as well as across different scripts. The more types of readers, scripts, and components examined, the better the picture of reading processes drawn. This book is a text for college students as well as a reference book for professionals in psychology, education, linguistics, and other related fields.

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Computer Methods in Operations Research focuses on the computational methods used in operations research. Topics covered range from list processing to sorting and searching, networks, and critical path methods. Resource-constrained scheduling methods and linear programming methods are also discussed, along with the branch and bound concept.  Comprised of 11 chapters, this book begins with a review of some of the basic principles that make a software development effort successful, emphasizing the need to keep things simple and understandable. The reader is then introduced to the basic principles of list processing, searching, and sorting; the concept of networks and several matrix- and list-oriented methods for representing networks in the computer; and the critical path method. Subsequent chapters deal with more complex programs and algorithms to handle scheduling of activities under precedence and resource restrictions; the resource-constrained scheduling problem, formulated both in an exact (using integer programming) and in a heuristic manner; the design of algorithms for the solution of large linear programming problems; and the application of list processing concepts to the development of branch and bound algorithms for solution of combinatorial optimization problems. The book also considers the design of random number generators and discrete event simulation programming before concluding with a description of two programming languages, GPSS and WIDES, for use in simulation modeling.  This monograph will be of value to students and practitioners of operations research and industrial engineering.

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Spectrometric Techniques, Volume III presents the applications of spectrometric techniques to atmospheric and space studies. This book reviews the spectral data processing and analysis techniques that are of broad applicability.  Organized into five chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the instrumentation used for obtaining field data. This text then reviews the contribution that space-borne spectroscopy in the thermal IR has made to the understanding of the planets. Other chapters consider the instruments that have recorded the planetary emission spectra. This book discusses as well the interpretation of planetary IR spectra based on the theory of radiative transfer, which describes the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. The final chapter deals with a few practical remarks on calculation of the inverse-filtered spectrum, wherein the Fourier transform of the data is divided by the Fourier transform of the impulse response function for the low frequencies.  This book is a valuable resource for spectroscopists and scientists.

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Stochastic Processes, Control, and Programming

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Stochastic Economics: Stochastic Processes, Control, and Programming presents some aspects of economics from a stochastic or probabilistic point of view. The application of stochastic processes to the theory of economic development, stochastic control theory, and various aspects of stochastic programming is discussed.  Comprised of four chapters, this book begins with a short survey of the stochastic view in economics, followed by a discussion on discrete and continuous stochastic models of economic development. The next chapter focuses on methods of stochastic control and their application to dynamic economic models, with emphasis on those aspects connected especially with the theory of quantitative economic policy. Some basic operational problems of applying stochastic control, particularly in economic systems and organizations for problems such as dynamic resource allocation, growth planning, and economic coordination are considered. The last chapter is devoted to stochastic programming, paying particular attention to the decision rule theory of operations research under the chance-constrained model and a method of incorporating reliability measures into a systems reliability model.   This book will be of interest to economists, statisticians, applied mathematicians, operations researchers, and systems engineers.

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Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Treatment of Tumor Metastasis

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Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Treatment of Tumor Metastasis provides information pertinent to the basic mechanism of tumor metastasis and the clinical results with immunochemotherapy of cancer. This book explores the extensive studies of clinical trials of cancer immunotherapy by Japanese investigators who played a significant role in the clinical assessment of different immunomodulating drugs.  Organized into five parts encompassing 36 chapters, this book begins with an overview of both the in vivo and in vitro behavior of metastatic tumor cells. This text then examines the pathogenesis of cancer metastasis and its possible modulation by immune cells per se of by those treated with immunopotentiators in experimental animals. Other chapters consider the effects of different soluble immune mediators on tumor cell growth and metastasis. This book discusses as well the immunobiology and immunopathology of human tumor cell metastasis. The final chapter deals with successful and unsuccessful trials with cancer immunotherapy using various biological and chemical compounds.  This book is a valuable resource for biologists, oncologists, and clinical researchers.

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Basic Numerical Mathematics, Volume 1: Numerical Analysis focuses on numerical analysis, with emphasis on the ideas of "controlled computational experiments" and "bad examples". The concepts of convergence and continuity are discussed, along with the rate of convergence, acceleration, and asymptotic series. The more traditional topics of interpolation, quadrature, and differential equations are also explored.  Comprised of 10 chapters, this volume begins with an analysis of the algorithms of Gauss, Borchardt, and Carlson in relation to the rate of convergence. The reader is then introduced to orders of magnitude and rates of convergence; recurrence relations for powers; and the solution of equations. Subsequent chapters deal with uniform convergence and approximation; the acceleration processes of Aitken and Euler; asymptotic series; interpolation; and quadrature. The final chapter is devoted to linear difference equations with constant coefficients, along with differentiation and differential equations.  This book will be of interest to mathematicians and students of mathematics.

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John Todd, Ch. Blanc, A. Ghizzetti, P. Henrici

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Architectures and Processes for Images, Percepts, Models, Information

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Computer Science and Applied Mathematics: Algorithm-Structured Computer Arrays and Networks: Architectures and Processes for Images, Percepts, Models, Information examines the parallel-array, pipeline, and other network multi-computers.  This book describes and explores arrays and networks, those built, being designed, or proposed. The problems of developing higher-level languages for systems and designing algorithm, program, data flow, and computer structure are also discussed. This text likewise describes several sequences of successively more general attempts to combine the power of arrays with the flexibility of networks into structures that reflect and embody the flow of information through their processors.  This publication is useful as a textbook or auxiliary textbook for students taking courses on computer architecture, parallel computers, arrays and networks, and image processing and pattern recognition.

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Probabilistic Programming discusses a high-level language known as probabilistic programming.  This book consists of three chapters. Chapter I deals with wait-and-see problems that require waiting until an observation is made on the random elements, while Chapter II contains the analysis of decision problems, particularly of so-called two-stage problems. The last chapter focuses on chance constraints, such as constraints that are not expected to be always satisfied, but only in a proportion of cases or with given probabilities.  This text specifically deliberates the decision regions for optimality, probability distributions, Kall's Theorem, and two-stage programming under uncertainty. The complete problem, active approach, quantile rules, randomized decisions, and nonzero order rules are also covered.  This publication is suitable for developers aiming to define and automatically solve probability models.

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Pathobiology of Cell Membranes, Volume II, is the second in a multivolume treatise on pathobiological aspects of cell membranes that aims to give the reader an overview of developments concerning the role of altered cell membranes in various pathological processes. This volume includes not only information on pathobiological aspects of cell membranes as studied at the molecular and subcellular level but also important new advances in the role of membranes in human diseases such as multiple sclerosis, shock lung, muscle dystrophies, and hematological disorders.  The book begins by discussing a very important and yet poorly known aspect of cellular metabolism; namely, the compartmentalization of intracellular cations such as sodium, calcium, and magnesium. This is followed by separate chapters on fundamentals of membrane conformational changes in the erythrocyte model; the structure and function of peroxisomes and their role in disease processes; the use of invertebrate models for studies of pathological reactions; and reactions of lysosomes to cellular injury. Subsequent chapters deal with the pathology of skeletal muscle membranes; the shock lung syndrome; cellular mechanisms involved in jaundice and cholestasis; and pathology of the endothelium.