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The Economics of Urban Amenities discusses amenities through a conceptual, methodological, and empirical basis. The text also defines amenities in a wide variety of human well-being. This collection of papers starts with a review of the concept of amenity. This book contains papers that discuss the economic roles of urban amenities and the residents site choice. This text also discusses the methods of amenity market analysis including assumptions of hedonic prices and residential location, the exogeneity issues, applications of the limited Box-Cox search, and the Hausman test. Several papers describe urban amenity markets considering options such as building heights, viewing, expressway noise, recreational centers, and neighborhood composition. This book also analyzes the market for regional amenities and covers subjects such as urban structure, wage rates, and migration. One paper shows that theoretically, differences in income and employment affect the control of amenities as these amenities in turn reflect real utility differentials. This book is suitable for urban and city planners, sociologists, economies, researchers and academicians involved in demographics, and environmentalists.

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Proceedings of a Symposium Conducted by the Mathematics Research Center, the University of WisconsinMadison, October 21-23, 1974

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Adaptive Economic Models provides information pertinent to the adaptive processes in economics. This book discusses the developments on research in the field of adaptive economics.  Organized into 23 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the study of economic processes using concepts of adaptation. This text then explains how concepts arising from biology can be formulated in such a way that they can be a source of insight into man's social systems. Other chapters present a general view of the adaptation of the firm to its environment and discuss how a firm with a definite commodity in mind can decide whether to enter a given established market. This book discusses as well the simple duopoly problem in which firms are in error in the sense that they specify an incomplete model and add a random error term. The final chapter deals with the set of models and problems for the development of a theory of money and financial institutions.  This book is a valuable resource for economic theorists and economists.

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Proceedings of a Symposium on Quantitative Approximation Held in Bonn, West Germany, August 20-24, 1979

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Quantitative Approximation provides information pertinent to nonlinear approximation, including rational approximation and optimal knot spline approximation. This book discusses spline approximation with the most emphasis on multivariate and knot independent questions.  Organized into 26 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the inequality for the sharp function in terms of the maximal rearrangement. This text then examines the best co-approximation in a Hilbert space wherein the existence ad uniqueness sets are the closed flats. Other chapters consider the inverse of the coefficient matrix for the system satisfied by the B-spline coefficients of the cubic spline interpolant at knots. This book discusses as well the relationship between the structural properties of a function and its degree of approximation by rational functions. The final chapter deals with the problem of existence of continuous selections for metric projections and provides a solution for this problem.  This book is a valuable resource for mathematicians.

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Fundamentals of Theoretical Computer Science

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Computability, Complexity, and Languages: Fundamentals of Theoretical Computer Science provides an introduction to the various aspects of theoretical computer science. Theoretical computer science is the mathematical study of models of computation.   This text is composed of five parts encompassing 17 chapters, and begins with an introduction to the use of proofs in mathematics and the development of computability theory in the context of an extremely simple abstract programming language. The succeeding parts demonstrate the performance of abstract programming language using a macro expansion technique, along with presentations of the regular and context-free languages. Other parts deal with the aspects of logic that are important for computer science and the important theory of computational complexity, as well as the theory of NP-completeness. The closing part introduces the advanced recursion and polynomial-time computability theories, including the priority constructions for recursively enumerable Turing degrees.    This book is intended primarily for undergraduate and graduate mathematics students.

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Martin D. Davis, Elaine J. Weyuker, Werner Rheinboldt

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Study Guide to Accompany Computers Data and Processing

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Study Guide to Accompany Computer and Data Processing provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of computers and computer technology. This book presents the key benefits of using computers.  Organized into five parts encompassing 19 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the evolution of modern computing systems from the earliest mechanical calculating devices to microchips. This text then introduces computer hardware and describes the processor. Other chapters describe how microprocessors are made and describe the physical operation of computers. This book discusses as well how computers present their outputs and explains the storage and retrieval of massive amounts of computer-accessible information from secondary storage devices. The final chapter discusses the use of computers in the transportation systems and the ways in which they make possible other innovations in transportation.  This book is a valuable resource for computer scientists, systems analysts, computer programmers, mathematicians, historians, computer specialists, and students.

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Social Policy and Sociology explores the relationship between social policy and sociology and covers topics such as social inequities and individual stress in the family cycle. America's youth and their problems are also given attention, along with the relationship between graduate training and federal funding.  Comprised of 24 chapters, this book begins with an assessment of the proper relationship between sociology and public policy, and whether sociologists should become actively engaged in social engineering. Methods of training graduate students for doing policy research are also discussed. Subsequent chapters explore community planning and poverty; policy implications of race relations; formal models as a guide to social policy; and the interrelationships between governmental policy, social structure, and public values. Social problems such as alcoholism and drug addiction are also considered, together with the changing relationship between government support and graduate training. Finally, the what and why of policy research in sociology are examined, and possible changes in graduate training and professional practice in sociology are evaluated.  This monograph will be of interest to sociologists as well as social and public policymakers.

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N. J. Demerath, Otto Larsen, Karl F. Schuessler

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Specialized Seminars on Incinerator Emissions of Heavy Metals and Particulates, Copenhagen, 1819 September 1985 and Emission of Trace Organics from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators, Copenhagen, 2022 January 1987

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Incineration of Municipal Waste brings together the proceedings of two specialized seminars dealing with emissions from modern municipal waste incinerators and held in Copenhagen, Denmark: Incinerator Emissions of Heavy Metals and Particulates, held on September 18-19, 1985, and Emission of Trace Organics from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators, held on January 20-22, 1987. The papers explore how modern stack gas cleaning equipment can reduce the emission of toxic substances, whether metallic or organic.  Comprised of 36 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the fundamentals and salient features of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy for monitoring of heavy metals. The discussion then turns to gas cleaning methods such as dry scrubbing systems using slurry injection; measurements of mercury in flue gases from the Hogdalen incinerator in Stockholm, Sweden; the performance of electrostatic precipitators; and the role of cadmium and mercury in municipal sohd waste incineration. Subsequent chapters focus on the flux of metals through municipal solid waste incinerators; health effects of chlorinated dioxin and other trace organic emissions; and total organic carbon emissions from municipal incinerators.  This monograph will be of interest to government officials and environmental policymakers.

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Theory of Fully Ionized Plasmas deals with the theory of fully ionized plasmas, with emphasis on their resistant groups, namely, electrons and nuclei. A model of the fully ionized plasma is presented based in part on the assumption that the system is sufficiently large so that the behavior of its individuals is not affected by the presence of boundaries. Where this assumption is applied the fully ionized plasma is called a Coulomb system.   Comprised of six chapters, this book begins with a discussion on the Coulomb system as the fully ionized system in the quasi-static electromagnetic field. The equilibrium and non-equilibrium states of this Coulomb system, with or without individual particle correlations, are considered. The macroscopic and microscopic qualities of the Coulomb system are also described, together with its partition function and Landau's solution to the Vlasov equation. The second part explores the fully ionized system in the general electromagnetic field and addresses single-particle radiation and many-particle interactions with electromagnetic fields.  This monograph is intended for graduate students and research workers in the field of plasma physics, astrophysics, or related topics.

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Proceedings of a Symposium Held at the Royal Geographical Society, London, on 1 April, 1971

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The Future of Man documents the proceedings of a Symposium held at the Royal Geographical Society London, on April 1, 1971.  This book deals with choices that man makes or may make, attempting to understand the paradox that the more man knows about himself and the environment the more baffling and controversial his choices become. The major problems of human survival, such as living space, natural resources, relationships with the rest of the living world, and creation, nurture and prolongation of life are also described. Other topics include the past and future distribution of homo sapiens and his activities in Great Britain, artificial synthesis of new life forms in relation to social and industrial evolution, and nature and control of aging.  This compilation is recommended for biologists and scientists aiming to understand the effects of technical innovation on people and their environment.

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Excited States, Volume 4 is a collection of papers that deals with the excited states of molecular activity. One paper investigates the resonance Raman spectroscopy as the key to vibrational-electronic coupling. This paper reviews the basic theory of Raman scattering; it also explains the derivation of the Raman spectra, excitation profiles, and depolarization ratios for simple resonance systems. Another paper reviews the magnetic properties of triplet states, including the zero-field resonance techniques, the high-field experiments, and the spin Hamiltonian. This paper focuses on the magnetic properties of triplet states through magnetic resonance experiments applied in the presence or absence of such fields. Another paper analyzes the effects of a magnetic field on molecular luminescence. This paper also describes the investigations made to the quenching of molecular luminescence in the presence of a magnetic field from molecules such as glyoxal, as well as some applications of magnetic quenching. One paper reviews the time-dependent behavior of excited molecules. This paper explains the essential features of "intermediate" cases encountered in the photo-physical time-dependent studies of excitable molecules by comparing theoretical aspects and experimental data. Nuclear scientists, physicists, and researchers whose works involve molecular chemistry and solid state physics will find this collection valuable.

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Labor in the Twentieth Century provides the comparative method of reviewing labor in five advanced democratic countries. This book presents statistical series for employment, unemployment, wages, hours, and labor disputes.  Organized into five chapters, this book begins with an overview of the major changes in the characteristics of both workers and their jobs that have occurred since 1990. This text then examines the social, political, and economic environment of Germany. Other chapters consider the factors that have made France exceptional, including the use of foreign manpower, the heavy labor-force participation of women, and the long period of demographic stagnation connected with low birthrates at the beginning of the 19th century. This book discusses as well the scarcity in the labor market, particularly of qualified manpower. The final chapter deals with the Westerner's conceptualization of Japanese industrialist relation.  This book is a valuable resource for economists, historians, and social scientists.

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Intelligence: Its Organization and Development is an account of the theory of intelligence, with emphasis on its organization and development. It proposes a formalized approach to intelligence, one that is sufficiently precise and abstract to allow a working model to be built on modern computers, but that is also sufficiently flexible and factual to allow an interpretation and unification of some of the findings and concepts of psychology.   Comprised of five chapters, this book begins with an overview of a model that reflects some psychological reality and at the same time builds computer-based systems that display some degree of intelligence. Several bodies of psychological knowledge and theory are reorganized and synthesized into this single model, which is amenable to rapid, simple, and efficient computation. The cell assembly theory of Donald Hebb is simplified to its bare essentials, and Jean Piaget's theory of the development of sensorimotor intelligence is made more concrete and explicit. Concepts such as drive and reinforcement are subsumed by the inclusion of the orienting and defense responses as variable controls on channel capacity. The structure of learning and memory is also considered, along with major sensorimotor systems.   This monograph should be a valuable resource for both psychologists and computer scientists interested in intelligence.

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Mathematical Aspects of Finite Elements in Partial Differential Equations

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Proceedings of a Symposium Conducted by the Mathematics Research Center, the University of WisconsinMadison, April 1  3, 1974

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Mathematical Aspects of Finite Elements in Partial Differential Equations addresses the mathematical questions raised by the use of finite elements in the numerical solution of partial differential equations. This book covers a variety of topics, including finite element method, hyperbolic partial differential equation, and problems with interfaces. Organized into 13 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the class of finite element subspaces with numerical examples. This text then presents as models the Dirichlet problem for the potential and bipotential operator and discusses the question of non-conforming elements using the classical Ritz- and least-squares-method. Other chapters consider some error estimates for the Galerkin problem by such energy considerations. This book discusses as well the spatial discretization of problem and presents the Galerkin method for ordinary differential equations using polynomials of degree k. The final chapter deals with the continuous-time Galerkin method for the heat equation. This book is a valuable resource for mathematicians.

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A Psychological Analysis of Responsible, Adjustive Behavior

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The Determinants of Free Will: A Psychological Analysis of Responsible, Adjustive Behavior deals with the concept of personal adjustment as freedom of will and a personal responsibility. The book reviews the definitions, rationale, and general framework of concepts of free will, responsibility, and other terminologies. The text explains the determinants of free will; it also analyzes 1) educated intelligence and 2) efficacy as the determinants of mental health or proper personal adjustment. The text explains the philosophy of Kurt Goldstein and cites references to evidence pointing to the differences in thought among people who have forward-looking or situation-dependent behaviors. The issue of independence in a social context is also discussed. This topic includes the determinants of maladjustments and self-disciplined members of society. The text also examines motivation and informational independence through literature dealing with mechanisms of behavioral autonomy. The book also reviews the sharing of freedom and the limits to freedom of will. The text is suitable for psychologists, psychoanalysts, guidance counselors, child educators, and behavioral therapists.

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Proceedings of a Symposium Conducted by the Mathematics Research Center, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, May 22-24, 1978

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Recent Advances in Numerical Analysis provides information pertinent to the developments in numerical analysis. This book covers a variety of topics, including positive functions, Sobolev spaces, computing paths, partial differential equations, and perturbation theory.  Organized into 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of stability conditions for numerical methods that can be expressed in the form that some associated function is positive. This text then examines the polynomial approximation theory having applications to finite element Galerkin methods. Other chapters consider the numerical condition of polynomials by examining three particular problem areas, namely, the representation of polynomials, algebraic equations, and the problem of orthogonalization. This book discusses as well a general theory that leads to a systematic way to prepare the initial data. The final chapter deals with the derivation of the Kronecker canonical form.  This book is a valuable resource for applied mathematicians, numerical analysts, physicists, engineers, and research workers.

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Avian Genetics: A Population and Ecological Approach is a collection of papers that deals with the study of birds in relation to the synthetic theory of evolution.   This book studies the ecology, demography, behavior, and geographical distribution of birds; the text also discusses quantitative, chromosomal, biochemical, and population genetics. Part I reviews the various genetic interactions, including an analysis of DNA sequence variation. The different and newer techniques are compared such as the works of Sibley, Quinn, and White. Part II describes the molding genetic variation and covers topics such as inbreeding; gene flow and the genetic structure of populations; non-random mating; and the process of selection in natural populations of birds. Part III covers actual genetic case histories, including quantitative ecological genetics of great tits; genetic evolution of house sparrows; and presentation of evidence for sexual selection by female choice in the Arctic Skua. This book also presents future research in subjects such as the neutrality-selection controversy or genetics and conservation.   This text can be beneficial for ecologists, ornithologists, animal conservationists, and population biologists studying birds.

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Coding Theorems for Discrete Memoryless Systems

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Information Theory: Coding Theorems for Discrete Memoryless Systems presents mathematical models that involve independent random variables with finite range. This three-chapter text specifically describes the characteristic phenomena of information theory.   Chapter 1 deals with information measures in simple coding problems, with emphasis on some formal properties of Shannons information and the non-block source coding. Chapter 2 describes the properties and practical aspects of the two-terminal systems. This chapter also examines the noisy channel coding problem, the computation of channel capacity, and the arbitrarily varying channels. Chapter 3 looks into the theory and practicality of multi-terminal systems.  This book is intended primarily for graduate students and research workers in mathematics, electrical engineering, and computer science.

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Imre Csiszár, János Körner, Z. W. Birnbaun, E. Lukacs

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Membranes and Viruses in Immunopathology

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Membranes and Viruses in Immunopathology covers the proceedings of the 1972 symposium by the same title, held at the University of Minnesota Medical School, sponsored by the Bell Museum of Pathology.   This book is composed of 40 chapters that highlight the significant advances in fundamental experiments of membrane structure chemistry. Considerable chapters explore the diagnosis and analysis of slow and oncogenic virus infections, as well as the role of immunobiologic processes in the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of disease. The remaining chapters contain research works on the detailed mechanisms that may contribute to cancer induction and dissemination.  This book will prove useful to immunopathologists and practicing physicians.

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Methods of Numerical Integration, Second Edition describes the theoretical and practical aspects of major methods of numerical integration. Numerical integration is the study of how the numerical value of an integral can be found.   This book contains six chapters and begins with a discussion of the basic principles and limitations of numerical integration. The succeeding chapters present the approximate integration rules and formulas over finite and infinite intervals. These topics are followed by a review of error analysis and estimation, as well as the application of functional analysis to numerical integration. A chapter describes the approximate integration in two or more dimensions. The final chapter looks into the goals and processes of automatic integration, with particular attention to the application of Tschebyscheff polynomials.  This book will be of great value to theoreticians and computer programmers.

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Philip J. Davis, Philip Rabinowitz, Werner Rheinbolt

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Essays on Mathematics and Its Historical Development

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Mathematical Perspectives: Essays on Mathematics and its Historical Development is a collection of 13 biographical essays on the historical advances of science. This collection is originally meant to comprise an issue of the journal Historia Mathematica in honor of Professor Kurt R. Biermanns 60th birthday.   This 12-chapter text includes essays on studies and commentaries on the problem of figures of equal perimeter by various authors in antiquity, including Zenodorus, Theon, and Pappus. Other essays explore the comparison of the areas of polygons with equal perimeter; the concept of function; history of mathematics; the development of mathematical physics in France; and the history of Logicism and Formalism. The remaining chapters deal with essays on an early version of Gauss Disquisitiones Arithmeticae, ideal numbers, a mathematical-philosophilica theory of probability, and historical examples of problem of number sequence interpolation.  This book will be of value to mathematicians, historians, and researchers.