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Uncertainty in Economics: Readings and Exercises provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of the economics of uncertainty. This book discusses ho uncertainty affects both individual behavior and standard equilibrium theory.  Organized into three parts encompassing 30 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the relevance of expected utility maximization for positive and normative theories of individual choice. This text then examines the biases in judgments, which reveal some heuristics of thinking under uncertainty. Other chapters consider the effect of restricting trade in contingent commodities to those trades that can be affected through the stock and bond markets. This book discusses as well the individual problem of sequential choice and equilibria, which are built around the notion of sequential choice. The final chapter deals with an entirely different aspect of the economics of information and reverts to the assumption that markets are perfect and costless.  This book is a valuable resource for economists and students.

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Excited States, Volume 6 is a collection of papers that discusses the excited states of molecules. The first paper discusses the linear polyene electronic structure and potential surfaces, considering both the theoretical and experimental approaches in such electronic states. This paper also reviews the theory of electronic structure and cites some experimental techniques on polyene excitations, polyene spectroscopic phenomenology, and those involving higher states of polyenes and their triplet states. Examples of these experimental studies of excited states involve the high-resolution one-photon absorption spectroscopy, two photon spectroscopy, electron-impact spectroscopy, radiationless decay rates, and radiative fluorescence lifetimes. Some unresolved issues remain such as the resolution of the excited-state order in butadiene and the two isomers of hexatriene. The second paper describes the energetics and scattering of mixed exciton-photon states in organic crystals that should form part of future research in the field of organic solids. This paper also describes mixed exciton-photon states, exciton-phonon, and polariton-phonon scattering. This book will prove invaluable for researchers and scientists working in the field of micro-chemistry and solid-state physics.

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Communication, Intimacy, and Close Relationships

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Communication, Intimacy, and Close Relationships offers an account of the nature of intimate relationships and their effects on people's self-concepts. The development and maintenance of intimate relationships are examined, along with people's motives and goals in pursuing intimacy; the nature of social exchanges in intimate relationships; and the consequences for individuals who find themselves socially isolated. The critical role of communication in intimate relationships is given emphasis.   Comprised of seven chapters, this book begins with a discussion on the role of self-disclosure in intimate relationships as well as the risks that  individuals incur when they self-disclose. The next chapter presents a cognitive interaction model of the nature of intimacy and intimate relationships within the context of cognitive-social learning theory and a systems theory approach to communication. The effect of people's motives on relationships is then considered, together with the role of two fundamental human motives - power and intimacy - on love and friendship. The remaining chapters focus on the importance of the identification process - that is, how people fix their own and others' identities in social interaction - in developing relationships; patterns of nonverbal exchange in close relationships; how and why loneliness occurs; and the nature of social exchange processes in intimate relationships. The book concludes with an epilogue that provides a perspective on why people may find it difficult or easy to form intimate relationships.   This monograph should be a valuable resource for psychologists and sociologists.

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Global Aspects of Chemistry, Toxicology and Technology as Applied to the Environment

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Environmental Quality and Safety: Global Aspects of Chemistry, Toxicology and Technology as Applied to the Environment, Volume 3 is a collection of papers that deals with environmental safety. The collection presents some definitions of environmental safety from different viewpoints: that of a consumer, a scientist, a producer, and a regulator. One paper then discusses pesticide residues and radioactive substances that are found in food. This paper compares pesticide and radioactivity problems such as permissible limits and the measurement methods employed. The volume also presents air quality standards discussed at an international symposium in Paris. One paper examines two ways of assessing the hazards caused by environmental chemicals through epidemiological statistical evaluation and animal experimentation. The volume cites as example the environmental problems encountered in the United States as referenced by the Environmental Protection Agency. One paper also enumerates the reasons why the role of biochemical criteria in stabling air quality guides should be considered important. Another paper also discusses the problem of applying animal toxicological (pesticide residue and radioactive substances) test results to human. The compendium is valuable for environmentalists, toxicologists, marine biologists, industrial chemists, and nuclear scientists.

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Avian Biology, Volume III is a collection of articles that deals with the biology of birds such as their peripheral endocrine glands and reproductive system. One paper describes the avian reproductive system where physiological mechanisms that regulate gametogenesis get synchronized from stimuli in the environment, thus ensuring that the young are born at the appropriate season. Another paper correlates the morphology of the pituitary cells with the functions of the pituitary from physiological and chemical analyses. A couple of papers describes the peripheral endocrine glands and the process of neuroendocrinology that includes detailed analyses of the neurosecretory system anatomy and the ependymal function in the median eminence composed of the anterior and posterior divisions. One author describes the structure and refraction of avian vision, as well as the probable determination of visual pigments in the eye cones through in situ microspectrophotometry. The book then analyzes bird behavior through functional groups of bird activities. Bird enthusiasts, zoologists, and avian biologists will find this book interesting and informative.

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Recent Developments in Clustering and Data Analysis

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Developpements Recents en Classification Automatique et Analyse des Donnees: Proceedings of the Japanese-French Scientific Seminar March 2426, 1987

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Recent Developments in Clustering and Data Analysis presents the results of clustering and multidimensional data analysis research conducted primarily in Japan and France. This book focuses on the significance of the data itself and on the informatics of the data.  Organized into four sections encompassing 35 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the quantification of qualitative data as a method of analyzing statistically multidimensional data. This text then examines the rules of interpretation of correspondence cluster analysis by selecting classes and explaining variables involved in the algorithm of hierarchical classification. Other chapters consider the bootstrap and cross-validation methods, which are applied to the logistic ad nonparametric regression analyses of ordered categorical responses. The final chapter deals with a simpler treatment to classify the sleep state.  This book is a valuable resource for researchers and workers in the fields from the behavioral sciences, biological sciences, medicine, and industrial sciences.

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Chikio Hayashi, Michel Jambu, Edwin Diday

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Proceedings of a Workshop on Cell-Associated Water Held in Boston, Massachusetts, September, 1976

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Cell-Associated Water is a collection of papers from the "Cell-Associated Water" Workshop held in Boston in September 1976. This collection discusses aspects of pure colloid, surface science, and zoogeography, with emphasis on cell biology and the role of the aqueous phase of cells. This book starts with a review of the problem of water structure encountered in studying biological systems, particularly as regards the proportion of intracellular water that is actually structured. Another paper discusses the applications of technology in cell biology in understanding cell-associated water, where the dynamic relationship between the state of water and macromolecular events in cellular life exists. This text also examines the possible relationship between water structure and the zoogeographic distribution of some species in aquatic communities using the Prigogine and Glansdorff model approach. This book is recommended for researchers and scientists whose work deals with cellular biology, for graduate students, and academicians in the disciplines of physical and colloid chemistry, cell physiology, biophysics, and molecular biology.

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Cooperation and Helping Behavior: Theories and Research deals with theory and research with respect to positive forms of social behavior, with emphasis on cooperation and helping behavior. Topics covered include social values and rules of fairness; cognitive processes underlying cooperation; the effects of intergroup competition and cooperation on intragroup and intergroup relationships; and altruism and the problem of collective action.  Comprised of 18 chapters, this book begins with an overview of theories and research on cooperation and helping behavior, followed by a discussion on the problem of interdependence within the context of interpersonal relations. Subsequent chapters deal with cognitive processes affecting cooperation; motivational and cognitive antecedents of cooperation; the effects of intergroup competition and cooperation on intragroup and intergroup relationships; and opportunities for gaining satisfactory solutions to conflict through negotiation. Social trap analogs of social dilemmas such as the energy crisis and overpopulation are also examined, together with altruism and the problem of collective action; justice-motive theory; arousal and cost-reward theory of bystander intervention; and the psychological aspects of receiving help. The final chapter considers types of psychological mechanisms underlying prosocial behavior and its development.  This monograph will be of value to students and researchers in the field of psychology.

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Proceedings of the International Symposium, Copenhagen June 16-18, 1969, No. 37 in the Series of the International Union of Biochemistry Sponsored Symposia

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StructureFunction Relationships of Proteolytic Enzymes provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of proteolytic enzymes. This book presents the historical role of proteolytic enzyme as a group in protein and enzyme chemistry.  Organized into 23 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the results obtained from investigation on the chymotrypsinogens of porcine origin. This text then examines the differences of amino acid sequence between chymotrypsin, trypsin, and elastase that affect the substrate binding site, which reflect the specificity differences between these enzymes. Other chapters consider the kinetic parameters related to the trypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of several model peptides. This book discusses as well the acetylation of trypsin, which result in functional consequences varying from complete inactivation to promotion of activity. The final chapter deals with the physical properties of stem bromelain in comparison with the data for three other sulfhydryl proteases of plant origin.  This book is a valuable resource for enzymologists, microbiologists, and biochemists.

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Radiation Measurement in Photobiology deals with the measurement of optical radiation and its application in photobiology. Optical radiation detectors as well as the calibration of light sources and detectors are discussed, together with techniques for spectroradiometry and broadband radiometry. Action spectroscopy and ultraviolet radiation dosimetry are also considered.   Comprised of nine chapters, this volume begins with an introduction to the basic principles of light measurement, followed by a survey of optical radiation detectors based on physical principles and the problems associated with calibration. The next three chapters deal with important applications and extensions of these radiant measurements, including a short review of biological and medical users of lasers. The final three chapters on specialized studies and developments illustrate the wide diversity that exists in photobiology. These cover ultraviolet radiation dosimetry using polymer films, computer modeling of terrestrial ultraviolet radiation, and the "diffusion optics" in biological media.  This book should be of interest to photobiologists.

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Electron Beams, Lenses, and Optics, Volume 2 deals with the aberrations relating to electronic optics.  This book discusses the geometrical aberrations of lenses; spherical aberration of electric and magnetic lenses; and measurement of the spherical aberration of various electric and magnetic lenses. The theory of diffraction; influence of space charge in high density electron beams; and chromatic aberration are also deliberated.  This publication likewise covers the classification of the geometrical aberrations; derivation of the coefficient of spherical aberration according to Glaser; and pepper-pot method or Hartmann's test. The Fraunhofers diffraction through a circular aperture; force due to coulomb repulsion; and upper limit of the chromatic aberration of magnetic lenses are also included.  This volume is valuable to industrial scientists and engineers concerned with electrostatic and magnetic lenses.

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The Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapy of Myocardial Infarction

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The Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapy of Myocardial Infarction deals with the advances in the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of acute myocardial infarction and related complications.   This book covers two major consequencescardiac muscle dysfunction and cardiac electrical dysfunction. This text begins by reviewing the controversy surrounding the pathogenetic mechanisms of atheroma formation and its potential reversibility, including the status of coronary risk factors and benefits of primary prevention. The pathophysiologic mechanisms of pump failure and the current approach to its management are then deliberated, followed by a discussion on the rational use of vasodilators in post-infarction heart failure and pharmacotherapy of cardiogenic shock.  The rationale for the interest in the role of coronary vasospasm and thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction is also covered. This publication concludes by reviewing the approaches for the management of post-infarction ventricular tachyarrhythmias and concept of secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death.  This compilation is valuable to medical students, primary care physicians, and cardiovascular specialists.

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Present and Past in Middle Life presents an interdisciplinary focus on the life course from adolescence to middle age. Part I is a review of the social history and life experiences that are shaped by the timing of historical forces exemplified in the Oakland Growth Study and the Guidance Study in California. Part II deals with the intrapersonal dimensions, covering topics such as health in the middle years, adolescence experience, personality, and IQ up to middle age. This part discusses the effects and changes brought by the Binet IQ tests, and then evaluates the correlation of IQ and adaptability to change. Physiological health and the ill effects of alcohol consumption are also explained in this part. The book also discusses the child-centered personality theory that the past is the cause and the present is the outcome. One paper analyzes adolescent personality as predictive to adult psychological health using 19 personality dimensions to arrive at a psychological health index at 40. Other papers discuss men's work careers in their middle years and those of women, highlighting women's relationship with work, personality, and their role in the family. The book can be useful for behavioral scientists, sociologists, counselors, physiologists, psychiatrists, and researchers involved in the field of human development.

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Dorothy H. Eichorn, John A. Clausen, Norma Haan

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Structured Programming Using Turbo BASIC

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Structured Programming Using Turbo BASIC explains programming methods using this language through mathematical or business examples and problems. The book approaches problem-solving using a top-down, structured programming method. This method consists of 1) breaking a problem into smaller, more manageable tasks, and 2) using the action block, the decision block, and the loop blockthe three fundamental programming structuresto perform each task. The text describes the Turbo Basic environment on an IBM PC or compatible, the fundamental programming structures and concepts, the two data structures (arrays, files), graphics creation, as well as computer simulations. The book explains in detail variables, screen formatting, the decision block, the loop block, functions. The text also discusses parameter lists, and libraries The student learns to use the OPEN statement to associate a buffer with a file, or the CLOSE statement to end the file/buffer. The text explains the use of the Turbo BASIC random generator that produces unique sequences of random numbers. The book can be used in introductory lecture courses in business, computer science, or mathematics. It can be beneficial for students in an open-entry/open-exit computer laboratory courses or for self-study.

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Message-Attitude-Behavior Relationship explores the relationship between messages, attitudes, and behaviors. Emphasis is on alternative conceptualizations of various message strategies, cognitive and information processing models, and their relevance to the study of behavior. Innovative mathematical models are discussed to highlight  stochastic and deterministic mathematical operators case in coextensive, sequential, and multidimensional arrays of systems state. Message strategies are cast in terms of social, psychological, and information processing constructs.   Comprised of 11 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the research tradition dealing with messages, attitudes, and behaviors. The following chapters provide in-depth justification, supported by data analysis, for the use of various theoretical and methodological approaches to the message-attitude-behavior relationship. An atomized, stochastic model of the behavioral effects of message campaigns is then described, along with the foundations of cognitive theory and a constructivist analysis of the relationship between attitudes and behavior. An information-processing explanation of attitude-behavior inconsistency is also outlined. The link between mental states and social action is analyzed with respect to Ludwig Wittgenstein's 1953 book Philosophical Investigations.  This monograph should be a valuable resource for both social and behavioral scientists engaged in behavioral research.

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The Economics of Urban Amenities discusses amenities through a conceptual, methodological, and empirical basis. The text also defines amenities in a wide variety of human well-being. This collection of papers starts with a review of the concept of amenity. This book contains papers that discuss the economic roles of urban amenities and the residents site choice. This text also discusses the methods of amenity market analysis including assumptions of hedonic prices and residential location, the exogeneity issues, applications of the limited Box-Cox search, and the Hausman test. Several papers describe urban amenity markets considering options such as building heights, viewing, expressway noise, recreational centers, and neighborhood composition. This book also analyzes the market for regional amenities and covers subjects such as urban structure, wage rates, and migration. One paper shows that theoretically, differences in income and employment affect the control of amenities as these amenities in turn reflect real utility differentials. This book is suitable for urban and city planners, sociologists, economies, researchers and academicians involved in demographics, and environmentalists.

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Proceedings of a Symposium Conducted by the Mathematics Research Center, the University of WisconsinMadison, October 21-23, 1974

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Adaptive Economic Models provides information pertinent to the adaptive processes in economics. This book discusses the developments on research in the field of adaptive economics.  Organized into 23 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the study of economic processes using concepts of adaptation. This text then explains how concepts arising from biology can be formulated in such a way that they can be a source of insight into man's social systems. Other chapters present a general view of the adaptation of the firm to its environment and discuss how a firm with a definite commodity in mind can decide whether to enter a given established market. This book discusses as well the simple duopoly problem in which firms are in error in the sense that they specify an incomplete model and add a random error term. The final chapter deals with the set of models and problems for the development of a theory of money and financial institutions.  This book is a valuable resource for economic theorists and economists.

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Proceedings of a Symposium on Quantitative Approximation Held in Bonn, West Germany, August 20-24, 1979

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Quantitative Approximation provides information pertinent to nonlinear approximation, including rational approximation and optimal knot spline approximation. This book discusses spline approximation with the most emphasis on multivariate and knot independent questions.  Organized into 26 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the inequality for the sharp function in terms of the maximal rearrangement. This text then examines the best co-approximation in a Hilbert space wherein the existence ad uniqueness sets are the closed flats. Other chapters consider the inverse of the coefficient matrix for the system satisfied by the B-spline coefficients of the cubic spline interpolant at knots. This book discusses as well the relationship between the structural properties of a function and its degree of approximation by rational functions. The final chapter deals with the problem of existence of continuous selections for metric projections and provides a solution for this problem.  This book is a valuable resource for mathematicians.

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Fundamentals of Theoretical Computer Science

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Computability, Complexity, and Languages: Fundamentals of Theoretical Computer Science provides an introduction to the various aspects of theoretical computer science. Theoretical computer science is the mathematical study of models of computation.   This text is composed of five parts encompassing 17 chapters, and begins with an introduction to the use of proofs in mathematics and the development of computability theory in the context of an extremely simple abstract programming language. The succeeding parts demonstrate the performance of abstract programming language using a macro expansion technique, along with presentations of the regular and context-free languages. Other parts deal with the aspects of logic that are important for computer science and the important theory of computational complexity, as well as the theory of NP-completeness. The closing part introduces the advanced recursion and polynomial-time computability theories, including the priority constructions for recursively enumerable Turing degrees.    This book is intended primarily for undergraduate and graduate mathematics students.

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Martin D. Davis, Elaine J. Weyuker, Werner Rheinboldt

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Study Guide to Accompany Computers Data and Processing

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Study Guide to Accompany Computer and Data Processing provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of computers and computer technology. This book presents the key benefits of using computers.  Organized into five parts encompassing 19 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the evolution of modern computing systems from the earliest mechanical calculating devices to microchips. This text then introduces computer hardware and describes the processor. Other chapters describe how microprocessors are made and describe the physical operation of computers. This book discusses as well how computers present their outputs and explains the storage and retrieval of massive amounts of computer-accessible information from secondary storage devices. The final chapter discusses the use of computers in the transportation systems and the ways in which they make possible other innovations in transportation.  This book is a valuable resource for computer scientists, systems analysts, computer programmers, mathematicians, historians, computer specialists, and students.