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Proceedings of the First Symposium on Computer-Assisted Analysis and Model Simplification, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, March 28, 1980

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Computer-Assisted Analysis and Model Simplification deals with problems associated with the implementation, understanding, and management of large-scale, computer-resident models.  This book focuses on five general research areasstructural modeling, qualitative economics, mathematical programming systems, relational databases, and combinatorics. In these topics, this compilation discusses the scope of computer-assisted analysis and model, structural models and graph theory, and qualitative stability of matrices and economic theory. The strong sign-solvability and weak satisfiability, automatic identification of embedded structure in large-scale optimization models, and query systems for linear programming models are also deliberated.  This publication is a good source for students, specialists, and researchers interested in computer-assisted analysis and model simplification.

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Coping and Defending: Processes of Self-Environment Organization investigates coping and defending within the context of personal-social psychology, with emphasis on processes of self-environment organization. Topics range from ego and stress to personality theory, family, and child rearing.  Comprised of 13 chapters, this book begins with a discussion on theories and conceptualizations of ego, paying particular attention to its logical constraints as state; the neomechanical personal man; rational choice; and continuity and discontinuity in states. Subsequent chapters explore coping, defense, and fragmentation as ego processes; immanent value in personality theory; problems and perspectives in investigating ego processes; and the interregulation between structures and ego processes. The next section is largely devoted to empirically based findings concerning the development of ego processing; the link between stress and processing; and processing in families. The final chapter describes research aimed at developing and improving coping and defense scales based on personality inventories.   This monograph will be of interest to developmentalists, cognitivists, personologists, clinicians, and social psychologists, as well as sociologists and perhaps anthropologists.

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Reinforcement: Behavioral Analyses covers the proceedings of the 1970 Symposium on Schedule-induced and Schedule-Dependent Phenomena, held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. This symposium highlights theoretically inclined papers on reinforcement processes.   This text contains 10 chapters and begins with a description of how behavior is induced by various environmental events, especially reinforcing events, as well as the relationship between control by inducing stimuli and reinforceability. The subsequent chapters deal with reinforcement phenomena in terms of preference relations and the conditioned emotional responses in terms of opposing motivational processes. These topics are followed by reviews of schedule-dependent effects of preaversive stimuli and the maintenance of behavior by apparent reinforcers that might be expected to punish, as well as the identification of critical variable that underlie the phenomenon. Other chapters examine the interactions between operant and responded conditioning processes. The final chapters outline the experiments on behavior stream whose hallmark is reinforcement if the absence of specified behavior. These chapters emphasize the analogy between the evolution of species and the modification of behavior.  This book will be of value to behaviorists and psychologists.

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For the Socioeconomic and Environmental Sciences

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Applied Linear Programming for the Socioeconomic and Environmental Sciences discusses applications of linear and related programming to help in the transformation of the student or reader from book learning to computer use. The author reviews the theory, methods and applications of linear programming. The author also presents some programming codes that can be used in solving linear programming problems. He describes processes such as parametric programming, sensitivity analysis, and postoptimal analysis. The author lists five possible applications of linear programming, as follows: 1) estimates involving supply of and demand for services; 2) transport and schedule planning; 3) scale, technologies, and optimal site selection; (4) evaluation of impact of activates; and 5) evaluation of alternative options. The author cites a case study of solid-waste management in New Jersey that is common to other areas: availability of disposal sites, increasing amounts of garbage, and stricter environmental regulations. This book can be appreciated by environmentalist, sociologists, economists, civil engineers, and students and professors of advance mathematics and linear programming.

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Michael R. Greenberg, J. William Schmidt

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Equity and Justice in Social Behavior provides a critical assessment of the social psychological knowledge relevant to justice. This book illustrates how the broad concept of justice pervades the core literature of social psychology.  Organized into 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the primary justice theories and identifies some of the focal issues with which they are concerned. This text then provides the necessary theoretical background for the study. Other chapters consider the various individual difference variables known to affect adherence to social justice norms. This book explains as well how the perceived causes of justice affect attempts to seek redress, and how actors and observers diverge in their perspectives about justice. The final chapter deals with the normative and instrumental interpretations that have been offered to explain justice behavior.  This book is a valuable resource for social psychologists, social scientists, philosophers, political actors, theorists, and graduate students.

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Coursebook for Economics: Private and Public Choice contains questions and problems dealing with market decisions, market process, taxes, government spending. The book is designed to help students using the textbook "Economics: Private and Public Choice, Second Edition." The text also provides a section on "Problems and Projects" which emphasizes mechanics and economic reasoning with case-study type problems, report preparation, or economic data presentation for hypothesis development. The book also provides "complex application"-type problems which can be solved by the student's utilization of economic principles to realistic situations. The text showcases selected articles in the section "Perspectives in Economics" to expand on important concepts, to explain historical viewpoints, as well as to offer original ideas of current influential economists. Among the articles are: "How Government Profits from Inflation;" "The Awful Year Inflation Ran Wild;" "How the Federal Reserve Decides How Much Money to Put into the Economy;" and "The Roller-Coaster Income Tax." The book is suitable for students of economics and business, sociologists, general readers interested in real-world economics, and policy makers involved in national economic development.

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Richard Stroup, A. H. Studenmund, James D Gwartney

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Notes and Reports in Mathematics in Science and Engineering, Volume 5: Nonlinear Problems in Abstract Cones presents the investigation of nonlinear problems in abstract cones. This book uses the theory of cones coupled with the fixed point index to investigate positive fixed points of various classes of nonlinear operators.  Organized into four chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the fundamental properties of cones coupled with the fixed point index. This text then employs the fixed point theory developed to discuss positive solutions of nonlinear integral equations. Other chapters consider several examples from integral and differential equations to illustrate the abstract results. This book discusses as well the fixed points of increasing and decreasing operators. The final chapter deals with the development of the theory of nonlinear differential equations in cones.  This book is a valuable resource for graduate students in mathematics. Mathematicians and researchers will also find this book useful.

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Dajun Guo, V. Lakshmikantham, William F. Ames

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Economic Theory, Econometrics, and Mathematical Economics, Second Edition: Forecasting Economic Time Series presents the developments in time series analysis and forecasting theory and practice. This book discusses the application of time series procedures in mainstream economic theory and econometric model building.  Organized into 10 chapters, this edition begins with an overview of the problem of dealing with time series possessing a deterministic seasonal component. This text then provides a description of time series in terms of models known as the time-domain approach. Other chapters consider an alternative approach, known as spectral or frequency-domain analysis, that often provides useful insights into the properties of a series. This book discusses as well a unified approach to the fitting of linear models to a given time series. The final chapter deals with the main advantage of having a Gaussian series wherein the optimal single series, least-squares forecast will be a linear forecast.  This book is a valuable resource for economists.

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C. W. J. Granger, Paul Newbold, Karl Shell

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On Understanding Grammar covers the interdependencies among the various aspects of linguistics and the human language. This eight-chapter text considers some pertinent topics in linguistics, such as discourse-pragmatics, diachronic syntax, topology, creology, method, and ontology.  Chapter 1 describes the notions of fact, theory, and explanation, particularly about how these notions manifest themselves in actual practice. Chapter 2 redefines syntax in terms of communicative function and discourse-pragmatics, and about the relation between the function of grammatical devices and their formal properties. Chapter 3 deals with discourse-pragmatics and how it transcends the narrow bounds of deductive logic, as well as the function and ontology of negation in language, and how those relate to the fundamental information-theoretic principle of figure versus ground. Chapter 4 explores the two major aspects of case systems, namely, the semantic role and pragmatic function, and how the two interact in determining the typological characteristics of grammars. Chapter 5 examines the relation between discourse and syntax based on diachronic, ontogenetic, phylogenetic viewpoints. Chapter 6 tackles the relation between synchronic grammar and diachronic change, while Chapter 7 describes the relationship between human language and its phylogenetic evolution. Chapter 8 is about language and ontology, as well as the relation between cognition and the universe.  This book will prove useful to linguistics and language researchers.

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Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Volume 26: Sequential Statistical Procedures provides information pertinent to the sequential procedures that are concerned with statistical analysis of data. This book discusses the fundamental aspects of sequential estimation.  Organized into four chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the essential feature of sequential procedure. This text then examines the sequential probability ratio test procedure and provides a method of constructing a most powerful test for a simple hypothesis versus simple alternative-testing problem. Other chapters consider the problem of testing a composite hypothesis against a composite alternative. This book discusses as well the theory of sequential tests that is appropriate for distinguishing between two simple or composite hypotheses. The final chapter deals with the theory of sequential estimation.  This book is a valuable resource for graduate students, research workers, and users of sequential procedures.

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Z. Govindarajulu, Z. W. Birnbaum, E. Lukacs

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Home Environment and Early Cognitive Development

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Home Environment and Early Cognitive Development: Longitudinal Research presents the results of longitudinal studies in Canada and the United States that looked into the relationship between home environment and early cognitive development. The aim of these investigations is to determine the specific or process home environmental variables that correlate with and possibly regulate cognitive development during infancy and the preschool years.   Comprised of 10 chapters, this book begins with a brief introduction to the issues investigated. Each of the following seven chapters is devoted to a longitudinal investigation, with emphasis on data presentation, analysis, and interpretation. The influence of home environment on cognitive development in young children of middle-socioeconomic-status families as well as Mexican-American children is considered. Assessments of cognitive development are carried out using standard psychometric tests of intelligence; Piagetian-type measures of sensorimotor development; measures of language development; and measures of recognition memory for infants. The final chapter assesses the implications for intervention of the link between home environment and early cognitive development.  This monograph will be of interest to psychologists and sociologists.

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Social Issues in Computing provides information pertinent to the social implications of technology. This book presents the highly dynamic interaction between computers and society.  Organized into 13 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the problems associated with computers and attempts to indicate some of the viewpoints, assumptions, and biases from which the discussion is undertaken. This text then examines in detail the effects of computers on society ad describes the extent of computer use. Other chapters consider the disparities in computer use between various countries, as well as the degree to which various countries are able to share in the market for computer products and services. This book discusses as well the factors that led to the rapid and widespread adoption of computers. The final chapter deals with the effects of automation, computers, and technology.  This book is a valuable resource for computer science students and research workers.

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C. C. Gotlieb, A. Borodin, Werner Rheinboldt

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Essentials of Economics, Second Edition is a text intended for a one-term course in economics for college students. It attempts to teach students of the analytic way of studying economics and provides the basics of the concept of political economy and uses this knowledge to explain the choice process in the public sector.   The book presents a comprehensive survey of economics. It contains chapters that highlight the importance of the microincentive structure of macroeconomic markets; identifies the determinants of supply, as well as the impact of public policy on those determinants; and presents both adaptive and rational expectations theory. The linkage between production theory and the cost curves faced by the firm; examination of the market structure; and the role of regulation and deregulation are covered as well.  Economics students will find the book very useful.

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James D Gwartney, Richard Stroup, J. R. Clark

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Toxic Interactions is a collection of papers that discusses the basic principles behind the mechanism of toxicological interactions.  This book deals with interacting chemicals and their effects on certain exposed organs or molecules. Concerning discussion of the principles, contributed papers explain the role of xenobiotic biotransformation processes in inactivating reactive intermediates of toxicants. Other authors discuss the effects of endogenous molecules and the consequences of chemically induced depletion of protective agents, as well as the pharmacokinetic principles that affect chemical interactions. Several authors also review experiments on the types of chemicals that produce or increase the degree of toxicity. The text reviews the results of liver and kidney injuries from exposure to two or more chemicals, while other papers focus on lung and heart toxicity. For example, direct mechanism of cardio toxicity includes toxicity due to an increase in plasma concentrations of the compound, or as in latent cardiac toxicity that is a product of another action on another system of organs. Professors in pharmacology, practitioners of general medicine, specialists or researchers dealing with microchemistry, toxicology or drug therapy will find this reference valuable.

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Robin S. Goldstein, William R. Hewitt, Jerry B. Hook

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Classical Theory of Electric and Magnetic Fields

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Classical Theory of Electric and Magnetic Fields is a textbook on the principles of electricity and magnetism. This book discusses mathematical techniques, calculations, with examples of physical reasoning, that are generally applied in theoretical physics.  This text reviews the classical theory of electric and magnetic fields, Maxwell's Equations, Lorentz Force, and Faraday's Law of Induction. The book also focuses on electrostatics and the general methods for solving electrostatic problems concerning images, inversion, complex variable, or separation of variables.  The text also explains magnetostatics and compares the calculation methods of electrostatics with those of magnetostatics. The book also discusses electromagnetic wave phenomena concerning wave equations with a source term and the Maxwell equations which are linear and homogenous.  The book also explains Einstein's the Special Theory of Relativity which is applicable' only to inertial coordinate systems. The text also discusses the particle aspects of electromagnetic field equations such as those concerning wave equations for particles with spin.  This textbook is intended for graduate or advanced students and academicians in the field of physics.

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Study Guide for Essentials of Economics is a valuable support tool for the student using Essentials of Economics. It provides several important features that contribute to a good course which cannot be included in the standard textbook, and if used correctly it will improve understanding of, and ability to apply, economic principles to everyday decision-making. The book contains self-test questions, problems and projects, and perspectives in economics. Topics covered in the text include economic approaches, tools of the economist, supply, demand, and the market process, and money and the banking system. An answer key is provided at the end of the book. This text is intended for students of economics.

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Regression Estimators: A Comparative Study presents, compares, and contrasts the development and the properties of the ridge type estimators that result from both Bayesian and non-Bayesian (frequentist) methods.   The book is divided into four parts. The first part (Chapters I and II) discusses the need for alternatives to least square estimators, gives a historical survey of the literature and summarizes basic ideas in Matrix Theory and Statistical Decision Theory used throughout the book. The second part (Chapters III and IV) covers the estimators from both the Bayesian and from the frequentist points of view and explores the mathematical relationships between them. The third part (Chapters V-VIII) considers the efficiency of the estimators with and without averaging over a prior distribution. Part IV, the final two chapters IX and X, suggests applications of the methods and results of Chapters III-VII to Kaiman Filters and Analysis of Variance, two very important areas of application.  Statisticians and workers in fields that use statistical methods who would like to know more about the analytical properties of ridge type estimators will find the book invaluable.

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Marvin H. J. Gruber, Gerald J. Lieberman, Ingram Olkin

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Statistical Decision Theory and Related Topics III

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Statistical Decision Theory and Related Topics III, Volume 2 is a collection of papers presented at the Third Purdue Symposium on Statistical Decision Theory and Related Topics, held at Purdue University in June 1981.   The symposium brought together many prominent leaders and a number of younger researchers in statistical decision theory and related areas. This volume contains the research papers presented at the symposium and includes works on general decision theory, multiple decision theory, optimum experimental design, sequential and adaptive inference, Bayesian analysis, robustness, and large sample theory. These research areas have seen rapid developments since the preceding Purdue Symposium in 1976, developments reflected by the variety and depth of the works in this volume.  Statisticians and mathematicians will find the book very insightful.

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Regulation of Organ and Tissue Growth investigates the mechanisms underlying the regulation of organ and tissue growth. Theories of growth regulation are discussed, along with growth and renewal; factors that influence prenatal brain development; regulation of metabolic and functional properties of muscle; and the role of tension in muscle growth. Heart growth and size in homeotherms are also examined.  Comprised of 18 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to two schools of thought that explain the orderly growth of organs and tissues: one contends that the dimensions of body parts are genetically predetermined, while the other holds that the correct size of an organ is a function of the physiological demands impinging on it. Subsequent chapters deal with the regulation of metabolic and functional properties of muscle; the role of tension in muscle growth; the regulation of skeletal growth; the role of erythropoietin in erythropoiesis; and humoral factors in the stimulation and inhibition of lymphopoiesis. The text also considers the postnatal development of the mammalian lung before concluding with a chapter that describes the regulation of ovarian growth by the pineal gland.    This monograph will be of interest to students, practitioners, and researchers in biology and physiology.

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The Mouse in Biomedical Research, Volume II: Diseases is a compilation of papers detailing infectious diseases of the mouse. This compilation deals with bacterial, mycotic, viral, protozoal, rickettsial, parasitic, non-neoplastic, and metabolic diseases of the mouse. Several papers describe the different diseases found in the digestive, respiratory, urogenital, integumentary, central nervous, lymphoreticular, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems of the mouse. This book lists the possible bacterial infections, as well as other miscellaneous infections such as those caused by aerosols, particles, and the air in the laboratory environment. This text also lists viruses that can affect the mouse such as the lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, mouse pox, polyomavirus, and the minute virus. This book describes the process of identification, diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment, control, prevention, and occurrence of these diseases. This text also reviews the diseases that can be transmitted from infected mice to humans, as well as through animal bites and allergic reactions. This book is suitable for researchers, clinical assistants, and scientists dealing with laboratory animals, particularly with mice as test animals. This book can also be helpful for veterinarians and doctors of infectious diseases transferred from animals.

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Henry L. Foster, J. David Small, James G. Fox