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The Social Impact of Computers should be read as a guide to the social implications of current and future applications of computers. Among the basic themes presented are the following: the changing nature of work in response to technological innovation as well as the threat to jobs; personal freedom in the machine age as manifested by challenges to privacy, dignity, and work; the relationship between advances in computer and communications technology and the possibility of increased centralization of authority; and the emergence and influence of artificial intelligence and its role in decision-making, especially in military applications.  The book begins with background and historical information on computers and technology. Separate chapters then cover major applications: business, medicine, education, government; major social issues, including crime, privacy, work; and new technologies and problems: industry regulation, electronic funds transfer systems, international competition, national industrial policies, robotics and industrial automation, productivity, the information society, videotex. The final chapter discusses issues associated with ethics and professionalism.  The material presented should be accessible to most university students who have had an introductory course in computer science. Self taught or sufficiently motivated individuals who have gained an understanding of how computers operate should also profit from this book. Especially useful are backgrounds in sociology, economics, history, political science, or philosophy.

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Environmental Perspectives on Growing Old

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Aging and Milieu: Environmental Perspectives on Growing Old is a collection of essays that presents insight into the area of aging-environment research.  The book focuses primarily on the physical, phenomenological, cultural, social, and clinical environmental context of an old person. Part I explores alternative conceptions of aging and milieu. The second part discusses the old-person-environment transaction. Part III covers the social context of milieu or the notion of how social relationships mediate and condition the symbiotic relationships between the old person and the physical environment.  Gerontologists, sociologists, psychologists, architects, and urban planners will find this book interesting.

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Image Modeling compiles papers presented at a workshop on image modeling in Rosemont, Illinois on August 6-7, 1979.  This book discusses the mosaic models for textures, image segmentation as an estimation problem, and comparative analysis of line-drawing modeling schemes. The statistical models for the image restoration problem, use of Markov random fields as models of texture, and mathematical models of graphics are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the univariate and multivariate random field models for images, stochastic image models generated by random tessellations of the plane, and long crested wave models. Other topics include the Boolean model and random sets, structural basis for image description, and structure in co-occurrence matrices for texture analysis.  This publication is useful to specialists and professionals working in the field of image processing.

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Proceedings of the Symposium on the History of Modern Mathematics, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York, June 20-24, 1989

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The History of Modern Mathematics, Volume I: Ideas and their Reception documents the proceedings of the Symposium on the History of Modern Mathematics held at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York on June 20-24, 1989.  This book is concerned with the emergence and reception of major ideas in fields that range from foundations and set theory, algebra and invariant theory, and number theory to differential geometry, projective and algebraic geometry, line geometry, and transformation groups. Other topics include the theory of reception for the history of mathematics and British synthetic vs. French analytic styles of algebra in the early American Republic. The early geometrical works of Sophus Lie and Felix Klein, background to Gergonne's treatment of duality, and algebraic geometry in the late 19th century are also elaborated.  This volume is intended for students and researchers interested in developments in pure mathematics.

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Introduction to Probability Models, Fifth Edition focuses on different probability models of natural phenomena.  This edition includes additional material in Chapters 5 and 10, such as examples relating to analyzing algorithms, minimizing highway encounters, collecting coupons, and tracking the AIDS virus. The arbitrage theorem and its relationship to the duality theorem of linear program are also covered, as well as how the arbitrage theorem leads to the Black-Scholes option pricing formula.  Other topics include the Bernoulli random variable, Chapman-Kolmogorov equations, and properties of the exponential distribution. The continuous-time Markov chains, single-server exponential queueing system, variations on Brownian motion; and variance reduction by conditioning are also elaborated.  This book is a good reference for students and researchers conducting work on probability models.

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Anthropology and the Public Interest: Field work and Theory provides an understanding of how culture affects human lives, and uses this understanding in formulating and implementing domestic social policy. This book defines basic research as contributing to theory, knowledge, and method that contributes to the advancement of social science.  Organized into four parts encompassing 19 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the greatest potential payoff for the advancement of social science and for enlightened social programming. This text then presents an insightful discussion of why cultural differences among people have gone so largely unrecognized. Other chapters consider the cultural or language processes of contemporary U.S. populations. This book discusses as well the changing environment that gave rise to the tremendous growth in academic anthropology. The final chapter deals with social indicators research and discusses the potential role of anthropology in such work.  This book is a valuable resource for anthropologists.

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Introduction to Stochastic Dynamic Programming

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Introduction to Stochastic Dynamic Programming presents the basic theory and examines the scope of applications of stochastic dynamic programming.   The book begins with a chapter on various finite-stage models, illustrating the wide range of applications of stochastic dynamic programming. Subsequent chapters study infinite-stage models: discounting future returns, minimizing nonnegative costs, maximizing nonnegative returns, and maximizing the long-run average return. Each of these chapters first considers whether an optimal policy need existproviding counterexamples where appropriateand then presents methods for obtaining such policies when they do. In addition, general areas of application are presented.   The final two chapters are concerned with more specialized models. These include stochastic scheduling models and a type of process known as a multiproject bandit. The mathematical prerequisites for this text are relatively few. No prior knowledge of dynamic programming is assumed and only a moderate familiarity with probability including the use of conditional expectationis necessary.

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Sheldon M. Ross, Z. W. Birnbaum, E. Lukacs

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Handbook of Survey Research provides an introduction to the theory and practice of sample survey research. It addresses both the student who desires to master these topics and the practicing survey researcher who needs a source that codifies, rationalizes, and presents existing theory and practice.   The handbook can be organized into three major parts. Part 1 sets forth the basic theoretical issues involved in sampling, measurement, and management of survey organizations. Part 2 deals mainly with ""hands-on,"" how-to-do-it issues: how to draw theoretically acceptable samples, how to write questionnaires, how to combine responses into appropriate scales and indices, how to avoid response effects and measurement errors, how actually to go about gathering survey data, how to avoid missing data (and what to do when you cannot), and other topics of a similar nature. Part 3 considers the analysis of survey data, with separate chapters for each of the three major multivariate analysis modes and one chapter on the uses of surveys in monitoring overtime trends.  This handbook will be valuable both to advanced students and to practicing survey researchers seeking a detailed guide to the major issues in the design and analysis of sample surveys and to current state of the art practices in sample surveys.

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Peter H. Rossi, James D Wright, Andy B. Anderson

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An Introduction to Data Base Design provides an understanding of how data base management systems (DBMS) work to be able to use any available commercial DBMS intelligently. This book presents the principle of independence of physical and local organization.  Organized into seven chapters, this book begins with an overview of normal form theory. This text then describes the three types of DBMS. Other chapters consider the difficulties in processing queries where the names of the files are not mentioned. This book discusses as well how to group data hierarchically, how to use a preorder tree traversal to represent the data, and how to convert a network organization to a hierarchical one. The final chapter deals with four essential issues in data base theory, namely, recovery, security, integrity, and concurrency.  This book is a valuable resource for computer science students in the junior or senior year, and people in industry who are doing technical work using data bases.

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The Physiology of Insecta, Second Edition, Volume IV, is part of a multivolume treatise that brings together the known facts, the controversial material, and the many still unsolved and unsettled problems of insect physiology. Since the first edition of this multivolume treatise was published, there has been a notable expansion of scientific endeavor in each of the various aspects of insect physiology. The original three-volume work has now grown to a thoroughly revised six-volume treatise.  The book contains six chapters and opens with a discussion of the insect central nervous system. This is followed by separate chapters on axonal and synaptic pharmacology; the neural control of skeletal muscle; the structural proteins in insect muscle and their physico-chemical properties; biological oxidation and energetics in insects; and protein synthesis in insects.

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Proceedings of a Symposium Conducted by the Mathematics Research Center, the University of Wisconsin, Madison, May 4-6, 1970

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Nonlinear Programming contains the proceedings of a Symposium on Nonlinear Programming held in Madison, Wisconsin on May 4-6, 1970.  This book emphasizes algorithms and related theories that lead to efficient computational methods for solving nonlinear programming problems. This compilation consists of 17 chapters. Chapters 1 to 9 are concerned primarily with computational algorithms, while Chapters 10 to 13 are devoted to theoretical aspects of nonlinear programming. Certain applications of nonlinear programming are considered in Chapters 14 to 17. The algorithms for nonlinear constraint problems, investigation of convergence rates, and use of nonlinear programming for approximation are also covered in this text.  This publication is a good source for students and researchers concerned with nonlinear programming.

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J. B. Rosen, O. L. Mangasarian, K. Ritter

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Foundations of Mathematical Biology, Volume III, is devoted to the treatment of behavior of whole organisms and groups of organisms. The viewpoint taken throughout the book is a holistic, phenomenological one. That is, the integrated behavior of these organisms and groups of organisms is not, in general, referred back to specific structural properties of interacting subunits (as in a reductionist scheme), but is rather treated on its own terms without invoking the properties of lower levels of organization.  The book begins with an overview of organization and control in physiological systems, with emphasis on the mathematical techniques involved in more detailed investigations of specific physiological mechanisms. Separate chapters cover the cardiovascular system, with particular reference to blood flow; gross problems of organic form; a relational overview of physics, biology, and sociology; the automata theory in the context of the central nervous system; and populations of interacting organisms. The final chapter discusses the material presented in the entire work, some of its philosophical presuppositions and implications, and the possibility of constructing a unified theory of mathematical biology.

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Perspectives in Computing: Human and Machine Vision II compiles papers presented at the second Workshop on Human and Machine Vision held in Montreal, Canada on August 1-3, 1984.  This book discusses the perception of transparency in man and machine, human image understanding, and connectionist models and parallelism in high level vision. The theory of the perceived spatial layout of scenes, generative systems of analyzers, and codon constraints on closed 2D shapes are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the environment- and viewer-centered perception of surface orientation, autonomous scene description with range imagery, and pre-attentive processing in vision.  This publication is recommended for students and researchers interested in both fields of visual perception and computer vision.

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Corporate Planning and LAN: Information Systems as Forums provides information pertinent to the Forum Information System (FIS), a conceptual basis for all corporate planning. This book presents an information system which, by means of LAN, organizational development style prototyping, and organizational learning utilization, can open communications among managers, executives, owners, and employees in a corporate setting.  Organized into 10 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the four phases to the eventual use of the FIS in a corporate setting. This text then explores FIS as part of a paradigm shift in corporate information systems, which began with the introduction of the use of computers. Other chapters consider the actual creation of the LAN-based FIS, the technical details of implementation, the programming, and the hardware configuration. This book discusses as well the organizational learning that occurs when using the system.  This book is a valuable resource for executives, managers, employees, and corporate decision makers.

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Mechanisms and Regulation of Carbohydrate Transport in Bacteria

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Mechanisms and Regulation of Carbohydrate Transport in Bacteria reviews the developments in the study of the mechanisms and regulation of carbohydrate transport in prokaryotic organisms.  The book presents the progress made in the understanding of transport and regulation of carbohydrates in bacteria in the molecular level. Aspects on the important structural and topographical features of several sugar permeases in Escherichia coli are elucidated; the energy-coupling processes are clearly delineated for most (but not all) types of bacterial carbohydrate permease systems; and mechanistic details of the translocation processes are proposed.  Molecular biologists, microbial biochemists, and cell biologists will find the book a good source of information.

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Foundations of Mathematical Biology, Volume II: Cellular Systems describes the properties of cellular systems and their relationship to the development of multicellular organisms. This volume is composed of five chapters that present the mathematical tools applied in evaluating these systems.  Chapters 1 illustrates the use of continuous time systems to examine the relationship between the properties of individual cells and the general problems of morphogenesis in developing systems, specifically how these properties could manifest themselves in morphological terms. Chapter 2 demonstrates the systems of rate equations or first-order differential equations to deal with the regulation of individual chemical processes and sequences of such processes, at both the genetic and metabolic levels. Chapter 3 discusses the application of the theory of automata to the evaluation of the concept and principles of embryology, while Chapter 4 presents some relational cell models to study the metabolism-repair cellular systems. Chapter 5 looks into the concept and systems of a compartment.  This book will prove useful to mathematical and cell biologists and researchers.

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Developmental Aspects of Carcinogenesis and Immunity

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Developmental Aspects of Carcinogenesis and Immunity presents the proceedings of the 32nd symposium of the Society for Developmental Biology, held at Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas in June 1973.  The meeting aims to highlight the advances in carcinogenesis and immunity and emphasize their relationship to fundamental processes of developmental biology. Leading investigators present their studies on various aspects of the two fields such as mechanisms underlying tumor transformation; cell proliferation, differentiation, and neoplasia; transformation of cells in culture; and role of embryonic and fetal antigens in cancer, lymphocyte differentiation, cell-mediated destruction of tumor cells, and the enhancement of the effects of antibodies through the process of immune surveillance.  Oncologists, cell biologists, medical researchers, physiologists, molecular biologists, physicians, and students in the field of medicine will find the book insightful.

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Communication in Development is composed of papers derived from two sources. An International Conference on Social Psychology and Language was held in Bristol in July 1979. Considerations of space rather than merit prevented some of the papers, given in supplementary sessions on language development, from being published in the proceedings. These papers are published in this volume. Also included are recent and hitherto unpublished papers from European researchers working in the field of language and cognitive development.  The contents of this volume range from the early non-verbal communication to the emergence of the child's understanding about referential communication, and to between and within socio-economic status differences in maternal and child behavior. The kinds of verbal and non-verbal experience that promote intellectual development are considered within the frames of both observed changes within children and cross-sectional studies of individual differences in mother-child interaction. The idea that the child's performance is context sensitive is one of the general ideas that has been taken increasingly into account. Two chapters pay close attention to this issue; both treat it as a challenge to experimental and theoretical ingenuity, recognizing that the child is an active participant in situations where he is observed and that the challenge is to divine the principles regulating the child's behavior.

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Foundations of Mathematical Biology, Volume 1, Subcellular Systems, provides an introduction the place of mathematical biology in relation to the other biological, physical, and organizational sciences. It discusses the use of mathematical tools and techniques to solve biological problems.   The book contains four chapters and begins with a discussion of the nature of hierarchical control in living matter. This is followed by a chapter on chemical kinetics and enzyme kinetics, covering the physicomathematical principles, models, and approximations underlying transition-state theory and the unimolecular reaction. Subsequent chapters deal with quantum genetics and membrane excitability.

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The Physiology of Insecta, Second Edition, Volume II, is part of a multivolume treatise that brings together the known facts, the controversial material, and the many still unsolved and unsettled problems of insect physiology. Since the first edition of this multivolume treatise was published, there has been a notable expansion of scientific endeavor in each of the various aspects of insect physiology. The original three-volume work has now grown to a thoroughly revised six-volume treatise.  The book contains nine chapters that focus on the impact of environmental factors on the physiology of insects. The first chapter discusses the influence of temperature on insects, with attention to aspects likely to be of significance in relation to the rate at which individuals are born and die in natural populations. Separate chapters follow on the effects of humidity and radiation. Subsequent chapters deal with insect chemoreception and mechanorception; visual system, with a focus on compound eyes; sound production and the behavior associated with it; luminous insects; and the role of internal circadian oscillations in the life of insects with respect to the ""day"" outside, and on the role of the circadian system in biological time measurement.