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Fourth International Conference on Non-Aqueous Solutions

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Non-Aqueous Solutions is a collection of papers presented at the Fourth International Conference on the same subject. One paper presents the application of far- and mid-infra-red, Raman, alkali metal n.m.r. and 35C1 n.m.r. techniques to the study of electrolyte solutions in non-aqueous solvents. The paper notes that spectroscopic techniques can be very useful in the elucidation of the structure of electrolyte solutions. Both the vibrational spectroscopy and particularly the alkali metal n.m.r. are very sensitive probes of the immediate chemical environment of ions in solutions. Another paper points out that the energy change associated with the solvation of ions can be represented as the sum of two energy terms; firstly, from the dielectric polarization of the solvent molecules in the continuous dielectric medium; and secondly, due to specific ion-solvent interactions in the inner solvation shells of the ions. The energy contribution of the latter is minimal but can show comparatively large differences in various types of solvents. Another paper describes the chemistry of solutions in highly associated strong protonic acid solvents, including sulphuric acid, oleums, fluorosulfuric acid, and hydrogen fluoride. Organic chemists, analytical chemists, investigators, and scientists whose works involve physical or inorganic chemistry will find the collection truly beneficial.

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Principles, Models, Systems and Techniques

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Agricultural and Horticultural Engineering: Principles, Models, Systems, and Techniques focuses on the developments in agriculture and horticulture, including the role of engineers in employing measures in the management of plants, animals, and machinery.   The book first offers information on the process of surveying, including tape, compass, and aerial surveying, leveling, barometric leveling with the aneroid, plane tabling, and electronic distance measurement and electronic total. The text then takes a look at models of the environment, material properties, and the relationship between stress and strain.   The publication examines workshop methods and hydraulics. Topics include soldering, electric arc welding, low temperature brazing, welding using oxygen-acetylene apparatus, hydrodynamics, and water supply requirements. The text also reviews electricity and electronics and power and thermal systems, as well as alternating voltage supplies, electrical motors, electrical safety, power and energy consumption, and the fundamental principles of electronics.   The manuscript is a dependable reference for engineers and readers interested in agricultural and horticultural engineering.

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XXIVth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Plenary and Main Section Lectures Presented at Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany, 2-8 September 1973

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XXIVth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Volume 7 contains lectures presented at the XXIVth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry held at Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany in September 1973.  The book consists of papers discussing a wide range of subjects on pure and applied chemistry. The compendium has papers that deal with primary information channel for chemistry, the interlinking of primary publications and secondary information services, and set-up of a report writing course in a research laboratory. The text also presents papers covering topics on the changing role of the information scientist in a research department, information science and the special needs of chemical documentation, and computer-based SDI services in chemistry.  The book will be invaluable to chemists.

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Geometry, Analysis, Topology and Mechanics

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L. E. J. Brouwer Collected Works, Volume 2: Geometry, Analysis, Topology, and Mechanics focuses on the contributions and principles of Brouwer on geometry, topology, analysis, and mechanics, including non-Euclidean spaces, integrals, and surfaces.  The publication first ponders on non-Euclidean spaces and integral theorems, lie groups, and plane transition theorem. Discussions focus on remarks on multiple integrals, force field of the non-Euclidean spaces with negative curvature, difference quotients and differential quotients, characterization of the Euclidean and non-Euclidean motion groups, and continuous one-one transformations of surfaces in themselves. The book also takes a look at vector fields on surfaces and new methods in topology, including continuous vector distributions on surfaces and orthogonal trajectories of the orbits of a one parameter plane projective group. The book then ponders on mechanics and topology of surfaces, as well as the motion of a particle on the bottom of a rotating vessel under the influence of gravitational force.   The publication is a valuable reference for researchers interested in geometry, topology, analysis, and mechanics.

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Ion Exchange Equilibrium Constants focuses on the test-compilation of equilibrium constants for ion exchange reactions.   The book first underscores the scope of the compilation, equilibrium constants, symbols used, and arrangement of the table. The manuscript then presents the table of equilibrium constants, including polystyrene sulfonate cation exchanger, polyacrylate cation exchanger, polymethacrylate cation exchanger, polysterene phosphate cation exchanger, and zirconium phosphate cation exchanger.   The text highlights zirconium oxide anion exchanger, zeolite type 13Y cation exchanger, and zeolite type 4A cation exchanger. The book also presents references for mineral exhangers and polymeric ion exchangers.   The book is a valuable reference for readers interested in equilibrium constants.

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Ultrasonic Sectional Anatomy centers on the imaging processes, methodologies, and approaches employed in sectional anatomy.   The selection first offers information on the brain and cerebral ventricles, eye and orbit, and the thyroid and adjacent soft tissues of the neck.   The book also examines the breast, heart, and abdominal muscles and skeletal boundaries. Topics include anterior abdominal wall, pelvic muscles, diaphragm, recording the cross-sectional echocardiogram, and echography of the normal breast.   The text elaborates on the upper abdominal viscera and the kidneys, including renal anomalies, spleen, pancreas, adrenal glands, and gall bladder and bile ducts. The manuscript then takes a look at the gastrointestinal tract and peritoneal cavity and viscera of the lower abdomen and pelvis. Discussions focus on scrotum and penis, urinary bladder, ureter, seminal vesicles, and prostate, and peritoneal recesses.   The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in ultrasonic sectional anatomy.

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Patricia Morley, Gabriel Donald, Roger C. Sanders

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Genetics and Neurology focuses on disorders that affect the nervous system, including atrophies, neuropathies, and tumors.  The book first examines malformations of the central nervous system, phacomatoses and tumors, and cerebral degenerative disorders of childhood. Topics include malformations of the corpus callosum and neighboring structures; abnormalities of closure of neural tube; spongiform leucodystrophy; and tumors of the nervous system. The text then takes a look at extrapyramidal disorders and dyskinesias and muscle disorders.   The publication elaborates on spinal muscular atrophies (SMAs), cerebellar and spinocerebellar ataxias, and hereditary neuropathies. Discussions focus on hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies of infancy and early childhood; peripheral neuropathies and lipid disorders; and congenital cerebellar ataxias. The book also discusses spastic paraplegias and multifactorial inheritance and neurological diseases.   The text is a valuable reference for readers interested in genetics and neurology.

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Rural Modernization in an African Community

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Ecology and Change: Rural Modernization in an African Community focuses on the geographical study of agricultural practices and agricultural change on the society of the Nhiha of Mbozi Area in southwestern Tanzania, East Africa.  The book presents the people; the models of the environment; traditional and evolved agricultural systems operating within a man-modified landscape; population and economic growth; and sources of change of Mbozi. The applications of the four models of change and the implications of those changes to the society of Mbozi are elucidated as well.  Sociologists, political scientists, economists, and political leaders will find the book insightful.

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OxidationReduction Potentials of Inorganic Substances in Aqueous Solution

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Selected Constants: Oxidation-reduction Potentials of Inorganic Substances in Aqueous Solution presents tables that will aid chemists in finding the best or most probable value of the normal or formal oxidation-reduction potential of oxidation-reduction systems.  The book first presents numerical calculations that show the degree of oxidation and real oxidation-reduction systems, including the value of the potential, temperature, nature and composition of the medium, and the method of determination used.   The text then takes a look at the choice of data, as well as intensity/potential curves and potentiometric determinations. The table of oxidation-reduction potentials showing the redox system, medium, method, and references is presented. The literature references starting from 1900 until 1967 are also tabulated.   The publication is a dependable reference for chemists and readers interested in the oxidation-reduction potentials of inorganic substances in aqueous solutions.

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G. Charlot, Mme A. Collumeau, M. J. C. Marchon

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XXIIIrd International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Special Lectures Presented at Boston, USA, 26-30 July 1971

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XXIIIrd International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Volume 1 compiles lectures presented in Boston, USA on July 26-30, 1971.  This book is organized into three main topics: application of quantum mechanics to organic reaction paths; intramolecular rearrangements, valence isomerization, and cyclo-addition; and photochemistry. This publication specifically discusses the quantitative SCF MO studies of reaction mechanisms, interaction of particular orbitals in chemical reactions, and potential surfaces for the addition reactions of ?-systems. The ring opening reactions of aziridines and oxiranes, mechanism in the system of dimers of butadiene, and thermal cyclisation of unsaturated carbonyl compounds are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the low temperature photochemistry of organic compounds, photochemical modification of biologically significant compounds, and photochemistry of thioketones.  This compilation is useful to chemists and specialists working in the field of pure and applied chemistry.

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Hypnotism, Hysteria, and Epilepsy: An Historical Synthesis focuses on processes, advancements, and applications of hypnotism and studies on hysteria and epilepsy.

The publication first underscores the influence of Franz Anton Mesmer on the spread of hypnotism, as well as the contributions of John Hughlings Jackson on the study of epilepsy. The book also ponders on the use of magnetism in Paris hospitals and lucid somnambule.

The text takes a look at the developments in hypnotism, epilepsy, and hysteria in Germany, including the influence of magnetism on the intellectual life of the country, the Odylic Force, and the use of magnetism on Friedericke Hauffe. The book also expounds on the transition from magnetism to hypnotism. Discussions focus on phrenomagnetism, animal experiments, famous somnambulists, occultism and spiritualism, increasing use of fraud, and decline of magnetism. Speech and command automatism and artificial hallucinations are also discussed.

The publication is a valuable source of data for readers interested in the relationships of hypnotism, hysteria, and epilepsy.

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XXIIIrd International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Special Lectures Presented at Boston, USA, 26-30 July 1971

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XXIIIrd International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Volume 5 records the proceedings of the XXIIIrd International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry held in Boston, USA on July 26-30, 1971.  This book is organized into two main topicsbiosynthesis and mechanism of enzyme action. This text specifically discusses the researches on the biosynthesis of porphyrins, progress in the search for biosynthetic intermediates, and biogenetic pathways of fungal metabolites. The bioorganic chemistry of triterpenoid and steroid synthesis and mechanism of enzymic decarboxylation of beta ketoacids are also covered.  This compilation is valuable to chemists, clinicians, and researchers conducting work on pure and applied chemistry.

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XXIIIrd International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Special Lectures Presented at Boston, USA, 26-30 July 1971

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XXIIIrd International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Volume 7 contains the lectures presented at the 23rd International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, held at Boston, USA in July 1971.  This volume is organized into two parts. The first part presents papers discussing structure determination by the use of spectroscopy. Topics covered under this section include ion cyclotron resonance, some aspects of photoelectron spectroscopy, and the LASER-Raman spectroscopy of biological macromolecules. The second part provides the advances in conformational analysis. This section considers the study of small model molecules by NMR, the conformational analysis of polymers and their model compounds using spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy calculations, and the theoretical and experimental studies which are being carried out to determine the factors which affect the folding of polypeptide chains in proteins.  Chemists will find this text highly invaluable and insightful.

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XXIIIrd International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Special Lectures Presented at Boston, USA, 26-30 July 1971

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XXIIIrd International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Volume 4 contains papers presented at the XXIIIrd International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry held in Boston, USA on July 26-30, 1971.  This book is organized into two main topicsshort-lived intermediates, free radicals and homolytic mechanisms, and ion pair processes. This publication specifically discusses the chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization, formation of radical anions by the attack of radicals upon anions, and high temperature organic reactions by flash vacuum pyrolysis. The structure-reactivity relationships in the chemistry of aliphatic free radicals, medium effects on radical-radical reactions, and oxidation of alkyl radicals by metal complexes are also described. This text likewise considers the end group association and complexation in anionic polymerization and reversal of singlet and triplet states in aromatic dianions with trigonal symmetry.  This compilation is useful to chemists and specialists researching on pure and applied chemistry.

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Buildings for Habitation, Commerce and Industry

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Planning: Buildings for Habitation, Commerce, and Industry focuses on the planning, design, materials, and construction of various structures for habitation.   The selection first discusses the planning, construction, and design of houses, flats, and residential hostels. The discussions focus on siting, planning, space conditions, statutory requirements legislation and authorities, heating and water supply, common rooms, and accommodation. The manuscript also takes a look at planning, construction, and design of hotels, motels, and camps for motorists.   The book reviews the construction, planning, materials, and design of office buildings and banks, including characteristics of buildings, types of accommodation, furnishing, and materials and equipment. The text also ponders on the design, planning, and construction of department stores, supermarkets, shops, farm and agricultural buildings, factories, airports, and warehouses.   The selection is a dependable source of reference for readers and construction planning specialists interested in the planning, design, and construction of buildings.

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Plenary and Main Lectures Presented at the International Symposium on Macromolecules Held in Helsinki, Finland, 27 July 1972

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Macromolecular Chemistrya8 focuses on the molecular configuration of polymers, charge-transfer complexes, polymerization reactions, molecular weight fractionation, and polymer systems.   The selection first offers information on molecular configuration in bulk polymers and control of monomer reactivity in copolymerization. Discussions focus on thermodynamic behavior of concentrated polymer solutions; direct measurement of molecular dimensions; and modification of monomer reactivity in radical copolymerization. The book also ponders on non-equimolar compositions from comonomer charge-transfer complexes and preparation of oligomers with functional end groups by polymerization reactions.   The text examines cooperative interactions of complementary synthetic macromolecules in solutions and molecular weight fractionation on the basis of solubility. Topics include interactions of chemically complementary molecules and conformational transitions and methods for evaluating the molecular size distribution of the original polymer. The book also tackles alkylaluminium compounds in carbenium ion polymerization and thermodynamics of multicomponent polymer systems.   The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in the molecular configuration of polymers, complexes, and polymer systems.

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Scientific Basis of Cancer Chemotherapy focuses on methods and approaches in the treatment of cancer, including detection, chemotherapeutic agents, and hormonal therapy.   The selection first offers information on the detection of anti-cancer agents through screening tests and extracellular factors affecting the response of tumors to chemotherapeutic agents. Discussions focus on induced and transplanted tumors, alkylating agents, anti-folics, rate of excretion, dosage regimen, and extra-cellular deactivation. The text then elaborates on intracellular factors influencing the response of tumors to chemotherapeutic agents and chemotherapy and immune reactions.   The publication ponders on dose schedules and modes of administration of chemotherapeutic agents in man and the methodology of controlled clinical trials. Topics include toxicity study in animals and clinical pharmacology; classification of chemotherapeutic agents according to their mechanism of action; and classical methodology. The book also takes a look at the biological basis of hormonal therapy of cancer and chemotherapy in the strategy of cancer treatment.  The selection is highly recommended for health professionals and readers interested in cancer chemotherapy.

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Interpretation of Visual Motion: A Computational Study provides an information processing point of view to the phenomenon of visual motion.  This book discusses the computational theory formulated for recovering the scene from monocular visual motion, determining the local geometry and rigid body motion of surfaces from spatio-temporal parameters of visual motion. This compilation also provides a theoretical and computational framework for future research on visual motion, both in human vision and machine vision areas. Other topics include the computation of image flow from intensity derivatives, instantaneous image flow due to rigid motion, time and space-time derivatives of image flow, and estimation of maximum absolute error.  This publication is recommended for professionals and non-specialists intending to acquire knowledge of visual motion.

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Chromatographic and Electrophoretic Techniques, Volume I  Chromatography focuses on techniques, processes, reactions, and methodologies involved in chromatography.   The selection first ponders on paper chromatographic apparatus and techniques; desalting and related techniques; and apparatus and techniques in thin layer chromatography. Discussions focus on chromatographic solvents, location reagents, chemical conversions occurring during electrolytic desalting, electrodialysis, and ion exchange desalting. The book also examines paper chromatography, applications of thin layer chromatography in clinical biochemistry, and dinitro-phenyl aminoacids.   The publication takes a look at iodoaminoacids and related compounds, indoles and related Ehrlich reactors, and imidazoles. The book also elaborates on guanidines, purines and pyrimidines and their derivatives, sugars, ketoacids, organic and phenolic acids, and chromatographic procedures.   The selection is a dependable reference for biochemists and readers interested in chromatography.

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Protecting Historic Architecture and Museum Collections from Natural Disasters

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Protecting Historic Architecture and Museum Collections from Natural Disasters serves as a useful guide for professionals engaged in the preservation of cultural heritage, whether structures or artifacts. This book discusses how to prevent losses to the cultural heritage of structures and artifacts through more knowledgeable protection, prevention, and emergency response.  Organized into six sections encompassing 26 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the mechanisms for preserving and protecting the heritage. This text then examines the threats of destruction by the natural elements such as decay, air pollution, subsidence, and other forms of attrition. Other chapters consider the social functional and economic values of the buildings and museum objects. This book discusses as well the natural disaster policies within a society. The final chapter deals with the enlistment of the private sector in dealing with catastrophes rising out of fire, earthquake, flood, and other natural disasters.  This book is a valuable resource for conservation specialists, archivists, private collectors, dealers, curators, and librarians.