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Comparative Inorganic Chemistry, Third Edition focuses on the developments in comparative inorganic chemistry, including properties of elements and the structure of their atoms, electronic configuration of atoms of elements, and the electronic theory of valency.   The manuscript first offers information on the development of fundamental ideas in 19th century chemistry, as well as purification and identification of substances in the laboratory; classical arguments for the existence of atoms and molecules; and electrolytes, ions, and electrons. The book also takes a look at the properties of elements and the structure of their atoms. The classification of elements in the 19th century, atomic nucleus, divisible atoms, nuclear reactions and fusions, and artificial radioactivity and nuclear transmutations are discussed.   The book examines the electronic theory of valency and periodic classification, including basic assumptions of the electronic theory, hydration of ions, ionic bond and the formation of ions, and the development of the concept of valency. The manuscript also ponders on bonding and the structures displayed by elements and their compounds; oxidation, reduction, and electrochemical processes; and the principles on the extraction of elements.   The publication is a dependable source of information for chemists and readers interested in inorganic chemistry.

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Atlas of the Ultrastructure of Diseased Human Muscle

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Atlas of the Ultrastructure of Diseased Human Muscle provides a general view of the ultrastructure of normal and diseased human muscle. This book contains five chapters that illustrate the changes that take place in common pathological conditions and outline the patterns of change, which occur in particular diseases.  Chapter 1 describes the ultrastructure of normal striated muscle and the extra-ocular and cardiac muscle. This chapter also deals with skeletal and cardiac muscle of the human fetus. Chapter 2 examines the changes in the ultrastructure of muscle fibers, including changes in myofibrils, mitochondria, lipid bodies, plasma, and basement membranes. Chapters 3 and 4 evaluate the changes in blood capillaries, interstitial tissue of muscle, nerves, motor end plates, and muscle spindles. Chapter 5 discusses the ultrastructural changes in various muscle diseases, such as denervation atrophy of muscle, muscular dystrophies, polymyositis, and congenital myopathies.

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Planning Guidance for Design and Adaptation

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Theatres: Planning Guidance for Design and Adaptation focuses on the design, type and size, safety, acoustics, and lighting systems of theaters.   The publication first takes a look at the type and size of theaters, design of auditorium, sightlines, acoustics, and safety. Discussions focus on hazards and safeguards, fire-fighting appliances, sprinkler systems and smoke detectors, reverberation, methods of adjusting acoustics, curved and concave surfaces, staggered seating, acoustic limits, and concert and recital halls. The book then examines exits and means of escape, seating layout and safety regulations, legislation, and stage scenery.  The manuscript ponders on stage lighting, communications, film projection, performance organization, and public areas. Topics include access for the disabled, lavatories, restaurant, repair workshops, property store, scene dock, projection suites, amplifier racks, direct projection, stage management performance control system, and access to lighting positions over the stage. The book also reviews the restoration of old theaters, conference facilities, art centers and studio theaters, electrical and mechanical services, and administration.   The publication is a valuable reference for design engineers and researchers interested in the design and adaptation of theaters.

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Scientific Foundations of Ophthalmology focuses on scientific grounds of ophthalmology, including anatomy, genetics, pathology, and epidemiology of blindness and blinding diseases.   The selection first offers information on aqueous outflow pathway in vertebrate eyes; retinal receptors and pigment epithelium; and vascular supply of the optic disc. Discussions focus on glaucomatous cupping of the optic disc, venous drainage, receptor synapses, outer plexiform layer, primates, and lower mammals. The book then ponders on anatomical and neurophysiological review of cerebral control of ocular movements and the structure and transparency of the cornea.   The publication elaborates on the biochemistry of lens, regulation of retinal blood flow, and biochemical basis of toxic amblyopias. The text also takes a look at the hereditary aspects of glaucoma, inborn errors of metabolism, retinal dystrophies, and gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina with hyperornithinaemia. Vitreoretinal degenerations in myopia, retinitis pigmentosa, albinism, lens dislocation, and storage disorders involving complex lipids and carbohydrates are discussed.   The selection is highly recommended for ophthalmologists and readers interested in ophthalmology.

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A Primer on Transfer across Biological Membranes

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The Living Barrier: A Primer on Transfer across Biological Membranes provides information pertinent to the movement of molecules across cell membranes. This book covers a variety of topics, including cell membrane, membrane transfer, water transfer, and movement of charged solutes.  Organized into nine chapters, this book begins with an overview of the basic ideas of the cell membrane and reviews the experimental evidence about the structure of the cell membrane. This text then reviews the classical electron microscope pictures of membranes. Other chapters consider the interactions between electrical potentials and the movements of charged substances, which make the membrane transfer of these substances much more complicated than those of neutral molecules. This book discusses as well the aspects of water structure and its influence on membrane permeability. The final chapter deals with the methods by which membranes are synthesized.  This book is a valuable resource for biochemists, physiologists, pharmacologists, and botanists.

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Structural Elements Design Manual is a manual on the practical design of structural elements that comprise a building structure, namely, timber, concrete, masonry, and steel. Practical guidance on the design of structural elements is provided in accordance with the appropriate British Standard or Code of Practice. Plenty of worked examples are included.  Comprised of five chapters, this book begins with an overview of interrelated matters with which the structural engineer is concerned in the design of a building or similar structure. The British Standards and Codes of Practice are also considered, along with loading, structural mechanics, and theory of bending. The discussion then turns to timber, concrete, masonry, and steel elements, with emphasis on safety considerations and material properties.  This monograph should prove useful not only to students of structural and civil engineering, but also to those studying for qualifications in architecture, building, and surveying who need to understand the design of structural elements.

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Recent Advances in Ophthalmology focuses on developments in ophthalmology, including therapy, keratotomy, phototoxicity, and retinopathy.   The compilation first offers information on the therapy of herpes simplex, anterior segment surgery, and use of viscous and viscoelastic substances in ophthalmology. Topics include systemic antiviral agents and ocular disease; influence of new instruments and technology; criteria for the selection of viscous or viscoelastic material; and indications for the use of viscous substances. The text then ponders on radial keratotomy, intraocular lenses, and treatment of congenital cataracts.   The publication takes a look at ocular phototoxicity and vitreous surgery, as well as proliferative diabetic retinopathy, posterior penetrating trauma, effects of non-ionizing radiation on biological systems, body temperature and light damage, and retinal photodamage. The text also touches on the management of diabetic retinopathy; treatment of malignant melanomas of the posterior uvea; and macular disease with serious retinal detachment.   The compilation is highly recommended for ophthalmologists and readers interested in the developments in ophthalmology.

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XXIVth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Plenary and Main Section Lectures Presented at Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany, 28 September 1973

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XXIVth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Volume 6 contains lectures presented at the XXIVth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry held at Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany in September 1973. The book consists of papers discussing a wide range of subjects on pure and applied chemistry. The compendium has papers that deal with transuranium elements, chemical reprocessing of nuclear fuel, and studies of the heaviest elements at Dubna. The text also presents papers covering topics on the super HILAC and the Berkeley superheavy element program, the chemistry of actinide elements, and nuclear applications to environmental problems and technology. Chemists will find the book insightful.

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Science Study Series No. 39: Lasers and Holography: An Introduction to Coherent Optics focuses on the processes, methodologies, and techniques involved in optics, including wave diffraction and patterns, zone plates, holograms, and diffraction.   The publication first ponders on holograms as wave patterns, coherence, and lasers. Topics include reflectors and resonators, natural line width, semiconductor lasers, reflectors and spatial coherence, energy conservation with reflectors, frequency coherence and stability, coherent waves from small sources, photographic grating, and properties of waves. The book then tackles wave diffraction, as well as diffraction by two and multiple slits, near field, multiple slit gratings and photographic gratings, refraction by prisms, dependence of diffraction on wavelength, and disks and zone plates.  The manuscript reviews the properties of holograms and zone plates. Discussions focus on holograms and coherent radar, single wavelength nature of holograms, image inversion, reconstruction with a small portion of a hologram, pseudoscopy in the real image of a hologram, zone plates as negative lenses, offset zone plates, and zone plates with areas interchanged.   The text is a dependable reference for researchers interested in coherent optics.

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Chemical Process Structures and Information Flows

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Chemical Process Structures and Information Flows focuses on the role of computers in the understanding of chemical processes, including the use of simulation and optimization in computational problems.   The book first underscores graphs and digraphs and pipeline networks. Discussions focus on cutsets and connectivity, directed graphs, trees and circuits, matrix representation of digraphs and graphs, reachability matrix, alternative problem formulations and specifications, and steady state conditions in cyclic networks. The manuscript also ponders on computation sequence in process flowsheet calculations and sparse matrix computation.   The publication examines scheduling and design of batch plants, including scheduling of products and operations, characteristics of batch processes, branch and bound methods, and multipurpose batch plants. The text also elaborates on observability and redundancy and process data reconciliation and rectification.   The manuscript is a valuable reference for chemical engineering students and readers interested in chemical processes and information flow.

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Richard S.H. Mah, Howard Brenner, Andreas Acrivos, James E. Bailey

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Modern Mathematics: Made Simple presents topics in modern mathematics, from elementary mathematical logic and switching circuits to multibase arithmetic and finite systems. Sets and relations, vectors and matrices, tesselations, and linear programming are also discussed.  Comprised of 12 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to sets and basic operations on sets, as well as solving problems with Venn diagrams. The discussion then turns to elementary mathematical logic, with emphasis on inductive and deductive reasoning; conjunctions and disjunctions; compound statements and conditional statements; and biconditional sentences. Subsequent chapters focus on switching circuits; multibase arithmetic; finite systems; relations, vectors, and matrices; tessellations; and linear programming. The book concludes with an analysis of motion geometry and rubber sheet geometry, paying particular attention to radial enlargement and composite reflections as well as topological equivalence, networks for maps, and incidence matrices.  This monograph is intended for students, parents, and teachers who are interested in modern mathematics.

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XXIVth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Plenary and Main Section Lectures Presented at Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany, 28 September 1973

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XXIVth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Volume 3 contains lectures presented at the XXIVth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry held at Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany in September 1973.  The book consists of papers discussing a wide range of subjects on pure and applied chemistry. The compendium has papers that deal with advances in solid-state chemistry, atomic and ionic transport in ionic crystals, and the thermodynamics and preparation of non-stoichiometric, nonmetallic compounds. The text also presents papers covering topics on the formation synthesis and some properties of phosphate compounds, the application of valence electron concentration in crystal chemistry, and Crystal chemistry and magnetic properties of 3d transition metal fluorides.  Chemists will find the book very interesting.

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Centrifugal Separations in Molecular and Cell Biology

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Centrifugal Separations in Molecular and Cell Biology focuses on the application of modern centrifugation technology in molecular and cell biology, including the separation and fractionation of biological particles by centrifugation on the preparative and analytical scales.  The selection first covers the principles and practices of centrifugation and the bases of centrifugal separations. Discussions focus on the basic concepts of sedimentation theory, centrifugation methods, designing centrifugation experiments, care of centrifuges and rotors, and statistical estimation of molecular parameters. The book also ponders on the practical aspects of rate-zonal centrifugation, including gradient materials, density and viscosity of glycerol solutions, and resolution and gradient shape.   The publication examines fractionations in zonal rotors and the quantitative aspects of rate-zonal centrifugation. The text then reviews isopycnic centrifugation in ionic media and analytical centrifugation. Topics include separation by isopycnic banding, large-scale preparative procedures, and density-gradient solutes.   The selection is a valuable reference for readers interested in centrifugation technology.

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The Biology of Cholesterol and Related Steroids

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The Biology of Cholesterol and Related Steroids focuses on the study of sterols in relation to living organisms.   The publication first takes a look at the analysis of sterols and related steroids and the distribution of sterols and related steroids in nature, as well as the processes of extraction and separation and presence of sterols in plants, fungi, vertebrates, and invertebrates. The text then ponders on biosynthesis of sterols and metabolism of cholesterol. Topics include formation of fatty acid esters of cholesterol, steroid hormones, biosynthetic pathway to sterols, reaction mechanisms, and comparative aspects of sterol synthesis.   The manuscript examines the developmental aspects of cholesterol metabolism and sterols in biological membranes. The book also reviews cholesterol synthesis in animal tissues, sterol metabolism in isolated cells, and epidemiology of the plasma cholesterol. Discussions focus on selection of statistical populations, genetic influences, regulation of sterol synthesis, general aspects of sterol metabolism, and removal of cell cholesterol in vivo.   The publication is a dependable source of data for biochemists and readers interested in the biology of cholesterol and steroids.

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XXIVth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Plenary and Main Section Lectures Presented at Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany, 28 September 1973

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XXIVth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Volume 5 contains lectures presented at the XXIVth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry held at Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany in September 1973. The book consists of papers discussing a wide range of subjects on pure and applied chemistry. The compendium has papers that deal with engineering aspects of electrosynthesis, the design of electrolytic cells, and electrocatalysts in power generating cells. The text also presents papers covering topics on organic electrosynthesis in the capillary gap cell, electrochemical oxygen ionization, and organic synthesis by anodic oxidation. The book will of value to chemists.

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Experimental Thermodynamics, Volume II: Experimental Thermodynamics of Non-reacting Fluids focuses on experimental methods and procedures in the study of thermophysical properties of fluids.  The selection first offers information on methods used in measuring thermodynamic properties and tests, including physical quantities and symbols for physical quantities, thermodynamic definitions, and definition of activities and related quantities. The text also describes reference materials for thermometric fixed points, temperature measurement under pressures, and pressure measurements.   The publication takes a look at absolute measurement of volume and equation of state of gases at high temperatures and low or moderate temperatures. Discussions focus on volumes of cubes of fused silica, density of water, and methods of measuring pressure. The text also examines the compression of liquids and thermodynamic properties and velocity of sound, including thermodynamics of volume changes, weight methods, and adiabatic compression.   The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in the thermophysical properties of fluids.

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Fourth International Conference on Non-Aqueous Solutions

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Non-Aqueous Solutions is a collection of papers presented at the Fourth International Conference on the same subject. One paper presents the application of far- and mid-infra-red, Raman, alkali metal n.m.r. and 35C1 n.m.r. techniques to the study of electrolyte solutions in non-aqueous solvents. The paper notes that spectroscopic techniques can be very useful in the elucidation of the structure of electrolyte solutions. Both the vibrational spectroscopy and particularly the alkali metal n.m.r. are very sensitive probes of the immediate chemical environment of ions in solutions. Another paper points out that the energy change associated with the solvation of ions can be represented as the sum of two energy terms; firstly, from the dielectric polarization of the solvent molecules in the continuous dielectric medium; and secondly, due to specific ion-solvent interactions in the inner solvation shells of the ions. The energy contribution of the latter is minimal but can show comparatively large differences in various types of solvents. Another paper describes the chemistry of solutions in highly associated strong protonic acid solvents, including sulphuric acid, oleums, fluorosulfuric acid, and hydrogen fluoride. Organic chemists, analytical chemists, investigators, and scientists whose works involve physical or inorganic chemistry will find the collection truly beneficial.

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Principles, Models, Systems and Techniques

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Agricultural and Horticultural Engineering: Principles, Models, Systems, and Techniques focuses on the developments in agriculture and horticulture, including the role of engineers in employing measures in the management of plants, animals, and machinery.   The book first offers information on the process of surveying, including tape, compass, and aerial surveying, leveling, barometric leveling with the aneroid, plane tabling, and electronic distance measurement and electronic total. The text then takes a look at models of the environment, material properties, and the relationship between stress and strain.   The publication examines workshop methods and hydraulics. Topics include soldering, electric arc welding, low temperature brazing, welding using oxygen-acetylene apparatus, hydrodynamics, and water supply requirements. The text also reviews electricity and electronics and power and thermal systems, as well as alternating voltage supplies, electrical motors, electrical safety, power and energy consumption, and the fundamental principles of electronics.   The manuscript is a dependable reference for engineers and readers interested in agricultural and horticultural engineering.

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XXIVth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Plenary and Main Section Lectures Presented at Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany, 2-8 September 1973

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XXIVth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Volume 7 contains lectures presented at the XXIVth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry held at Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany in September 1973.  The book consists of papers discussing a wide range of subjects on pure and applied chemistry. The compendium has papers that deal with primary information channel for chemistry, the interlinking of primary publications and secondary information services, and set-up of a report writing course in a research laboratory. The text also presents papers covering topics on the changing role of the information scientist in a research department, information science and the special needs of chemical documentation, and computer-based SDI services in chemistry.  The book will be invaluable to chemists.