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Identifying pathogens in food quickly and accurately is one of the most important requirements in food processing. The ideal detection method needs to combine such qualities as sensitivity, specificity, speed and suitability for on-line applications. Detecting pathogens in food brings together a distinguished international team of contributors to review the latest techniques in microbiological analysis and how they can best be used to ensure food safety.Part one looks at general issues, beginning with a review of the role of microbiological analysis in food safety management. There are also chapters on the critical issues of what to sample and how samples should be prepared to make analysis effective, as well as how to validate individual detection techniques and assure the quality of analytical laboratories. Part two discusses the range of detection techniques now available, beginning with traditional culture methods. There are chapters on electrical methods, ATP bioluminescence, microscopy techniques and the wide range of immunological methods such as ELISAs. Two chapters look at the exciting developments in genetic techniques, the use of biosensors and applied systematics.Detecting pathogens in food is a standard reference for all those concerned in ensuring the safety of food.Reviews the latest techniques in microbiological analysis and how they can best be used to ensure food safetyExamines the role of microbiological analysis in food safety management and discusses the range of detection techniques availableIncludes chapters on electrical methods, ATP bioluminescence, microscopy techniques and immunological methods such as ELISAs

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Transfer Pricing for Financial Institutions

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Establishing and maintaining effective transfer pricing policies is a key challenge in today's increasingly competitive international financial services sector. There are numerous issues involved, from the requirements of shareholders and risk management to the allocation of capital. There are also many different techniques for establishing efficient transfer pricing systems within an organisation.  This illuminating handbook provides a thorough introduction to transfer pricing and its uses within financial organisations, as well as a clear analysis of all the issues involved. Transfer pricing is so complex and variable that there can be no definitive blueprint for success: however, in this book John Smullen has provided a vital contribution to the debate and a much-needed clarification of this important topic.  Some of the areas covered:What transfer pricing is and why it is usedWhy transfer prices are so appropriate for financial institutionsWhy each organisation needs to approach the introduction of transfer prices differentlyHow transfer pricing works in commercial organisationsThe different types of transfer priceSpecific analysis of the transfer pricing of funds, capital and derivativesHow to evaluate risk adjusted performance measuresThe complexities of estimating marginal costs and revenuesA framework for understanding the motivation of shareholders, managers and regulatorsHow transfer pricing works as part of management information strategyThis lucid and authoritative handbook will help you to:Understand the different techniques used in transfer pricingEstablish transfer prices in line with your organisation's strategy and objectivesMake sound decisions, minimise risk and achieve better outcomesThis is a book for people involved in raising and loaning funds in today's global markets who wants to understand the issues involved in transfer pricing and the techniques required. It will be used by banking, investment, insurance and other financial organisations worldwide.An authoritative and detailed survey of transfer pricing in the financial sectorA clear exploration by an expert in the fieldA full description of the issues involved and the techniques required

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Genetic modification is one of the most important and controversial issues facing the food industry. With its international team of contributors, Fruit and vegetable biotechnology analyses its major impact on fruit and vegetable cultivation and processing.The book begins with an analysis of the methods available to the biotechnologist. Part one then considers the range of traits that have been the subject of modification. Chapter 3 discusses the modification of such agronomic traits as fruit quality and resistance to various kinds of environmental stress, as well as the use of molecular markers in plant breeding. Chapter 4 looks specifically at how biotechnology can improve plant defence mechanisms. The following three chapters then consider the genetic enhancement of fruit and vegetable ripening and post-harvest life, sensory properties such colour and flavour, processing functionality, and nutritional quality. Part two includes a number of case studies illustrating how genetic modification has enhanced particular fruits and vegetables, looking at a range of fruit and vegetables such as tomato, potato, melon, broccoli and cauliflower. Part three of the book considers the important issues of consumer attitudes and risk assessment.Fruit and vegetable biotechnology is an important contribution to a key area of debate, and is essential reading for those involved both in cultivation and the processing of fruit and vegetables.Reviews techniques and their applications in improving production and product qualityDiscusses how genetic modification has been applied to specific cropsConsiders safety and consumer issues

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Protein Folding Versus Protein Structure Prediction

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Protein folding is a process by which a protein structure assumes its functional shape of conformation, and has been the subject of research since the publication of the first software tool for protein structure prediction. Protein folding in silico approaches this issue by introducing an ab initio model that attempts to simulate as far as possible the folding process as it takes place in vivo, and attempts to construct a mechanistic model on the basis of the predictions made. The opening chapters discuss the early stage intermediate and late stage intermediate models, followed by a discussion of structural information that affects the interpretation of the folding process. The second half of the book covers a variety of topics including ligand binding site recognition, the "fuzzy oil drop" model and its use in simulation of the polypeptide chain, and misfolded proteins. The book ends with an overview of a number of other ab initio methods for protein structure predictions and some concluding remarks.Discusses a range of ab initio models for protein structure predictionIntroduces a unique model based on experimental observationsDescribes various methods for the quantitative assessment of the presented models from the viewpoint of information theory

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Textiles for Hygiene and Infection Control

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Understanding and improving hygiene and healthcare products is essential for improving infection prevention. Continuing Woodhead Publishings series of specialised medical textile books, Textiles for hygiene and infection control provides readers with the latest developments in healthcare materials for hygiene and infection applications.Part one offers an insight into design and production techniques for hygiene textiles. Chapters discuss nanotechnology and its applications in hygiene textiles, knitted spacer fabrics, innovative and sustainable packaging and biodegradable hygiene products. Part two explores design and production techniques for infection control textiles. Chapters examine micro-organisms, infection and the role of textiles, the creation of barrier textiles through plasma processing and methods for ensuring fabrics survive sterilisation. Part three concludes by investigating the variety of available hygiene and infection control products. Chapters consider washable textile-based absorbent products for incontinence, coated textiles for skin infections and antimicrobial treatments of textiles for hygiene and infection control applications from an industrial perspective.Textiles for hygiene and infection control is an essential reference for manufacturers, designers, engineers and producers of hygiene and infection control products. It is also a useful tool for medical scientists, surgeons and nurses.Offers insight into design and production techniques for hygiene textilesChapters discuss a range of applications, such as the use of textiles for incontinenceAn essential reference for manufacturers, designers, engineers and producers of hygiene and infection control products

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Mechanical Testing of Advanced Fibre Composites

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Testing of composite materials can present complex problems but is essential in order to ensure the reliable, safe and cost-effective performance of any engineering structure. This essentially practical book, complied from the contributions of leading professionals in the field, describes a wide range of test methods which can be applied to various types of advanced fibre composites. The book focuses on high modulus, high strength fibre/plastic composites and also covers highly anisotrpoic materials such as carbon, aramid and glass.Engineers and designers specifying the use of materials in structures will find this book an invaluable guide to best practice throughout the range of industrial sectors where FRCs are employed.

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An Introduction for Mathematical Physicists

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This account of basic manifold theory and global analysis, based on senior undergraduate and post-graduate courses at Glasgow University for students and researchers in theoretical physics, has been proven over many years. The treatment is rigorous yet less condensed than in books written primarily for pure mathematicians. Prerequisites include knowledge of basic linear algebra and topology. Topology is included in two appendices because many courses on mathematics for physics students do not include this subject.Provides a comprehensive account of basic manifold theory for post-graduate studentsIntroduces the basic theory of differential geometry to students in theoretical physics and mathematicsContains more than 130 exercises, with helpful hints and solutions

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The publication of this book has been perfectly timed to serve the needs of a rapidly expanding industry. Frozen foods have shed their associations with low quality convenience food and freezing is now recognised as one of the safest and most nutritionally valuable ways to store food.  Quality is a fundamental competitive advantage. However, the quality of frozen foods is dependent upon the strength or weakness of each link in the supply chain. This book examines the key quality factors at each stage in the frozen food supply chain, from raw material selection through processing and storage to retail display. Managing frozen foods is a unique overview of this entire industry and provides frozen food manufacturers, distributors and retailers with:The book begins with a review of the safety of frozen foods in production and distribution. It then considers the selection of raw materials and pre-treatment before examining the range of physical and chemical factors affecting the sensory and nutritional quality of food during freezing. This is followed by a comprehensive review of freezer technology and identifies the essential selection criteria that food manufacturers need to consider. Further chapters discuss the selection of packaging, cold store design, equipment and maintenance as well as the key area of retail display equipment. Dr Christopher J Kennedy concludes the book by providing a valuable insight into the future of this industry, outlining the opportunities offered by latest developments such as anti-freeze proteins and ultrasonic techniques.A practical and authoritative guide to best practice in maximising qualityAn invaluable decision-making tool, including guidance on the selection of raw materials, freezer technology, packaging materials and retail display equipmentThe latest research into the frozen food industry from academic and industry experts

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From the Laboratory to Clinical Practice

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common causes of sexually transmitted diseases worldwide, both in men and women. Human papillomavirus infections provides the scientific background needed to understand the natural history and pathogenesis of HPV infection and offers discussion of its clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The book begins with chapters covering the epidemiology, virology, history and transmission of the infection, as well as its pathogenesis and clinical features. Following a discussion of the relationship between HPV and cancer, chapters in the second half of the book look at diagnosis, testing and treatment. The book concludes with detailed coverage of the prevention of HPV through worldwide vaccination programmes.Covers all the important issues relating to both male and female HPV infectionProvides overview of the current knowledge about epidemiology, basic virology, pathogenesis and diagnosis methodsExplores the relationship between HPV and cancer

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Practical Approaches to formulation in the Laboratory, Manufacturing, and the Clinic

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Therapeutic protein drug products provides a comprehensive overview of therapeutic protein drug products, with an emphasis on formulation beginning in the laboratory, followed by manufacturing and administration in the clinic. A list of many commercial therapeutic drug products are described and include the product name, dosages, active concentration, buffer, excipients, Ph, container type and route of administration. The laboratory formulation sections focus on the most common buffers, excipients, and Ph ranges that are commonly tested in addition to systematic approaches. A brief section on biophysical and analytical analysis is also provided. Properties of therapeutic protein formulations are described and include opalescence, phase separation, color, and subvisible particles. An emphasis is placed on material and process testing to ensure success during manufacturing. The drug product manufacturing process, which includes the process of compounding to filling, is also covered. Methods of delivery in the clinic are addressed, as well as delivery strategies. Finally, a perspective on the regulatory requirements for therapeutic protein formulations is discussed.Provides a list and description of commercially available therapeutic drug products and their formulationsA comprehensive and practical overview of protein formulation in the laboratory, manufacturing, and the clinicDiscusses recent topics including high protein concentration, phase separation, opalescence, and subvisible particles

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From in Silico Screening to Experimental Validation

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In recent years, a number of academic and commercial software packages and databases have been developed for the analysis and screening of biological data; however, the usability of these data is compromised by so-called novel genes to which no biological function is assigned. Annotating new genes outlines an approach to the analysis of evolutionary-conserved, heart-enriched genes with unknown functions, offering a step-by-step description of the procedure from screening to validation. The book begins by offering an introduction to the databases and software available, before moving on to cover programming guidelines, including a specific case study on the use of C-It for in silico screening. The second half of the book offers a step-by-step guide to experimental validation concepts and procedures, as well as an overview of additional potential applications of this approach in the field of stem cells and tissue regeneration, before a concluding chapter summarises the concepts and theories presented.Focuses not only on screening but also on biological validationsProvides details of databases and software (web interface) products for biologists with minimal computation skillsOffers a step-by-step outline of the procedure involved

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A new edition of a well established and respected textbook from an author who is a recognised authority in this field. Joining techniques are one of the key technologies in materials engineering and this book provides comprehensive coverage of the subject. It is intended for undergraduate and graduate students of metallurgy, as well as those attending specialist welding courses.It is also a valuable source of reference for practising engineers and metallurgists concerned with joining processes. The text covers the metallurgical changes that take place during the welding process, the properties of welded joints, defects associated with welding and the behaviour of welded joints in service. There is a chapter devoted to joints between metals and ceramics, and on the use of structural adhesives. The various techniques used in microwelding and the joining of solid-state devices to printed circuit boards are briefly described.In addition to revising and updating the text throughout the author has made some specific alterations and additions to the book:Brittle and ductile behaviour of solids, ductile francture, and the velocity of crack propogation are now included in the section on Fracture; Friction stir welding in now included; There is an additional chapter on adhesive bonding which includes bonding; forces, polymer chemistry, types of adhesive, production technology, quality control and applications; The section on heat flow has been expanded and includes worked examples; A section on weld defects and the evaluation of non-destructive tests has been added; A section on the welding metallurgy of aluminium-lithium alloys has been added; A new section describes major structural failure in such catastrophes as the 'Alexander L Kielland' accident and the Kobe earthquake, and considers the role of welding in such failures.

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Threats and Opportunities in the Years Ahead

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This report provides a detailed overview of the market position and outlook in these two closely related metals, looking at supply and demand trends in each individually and addressing key issues for the future, including the impact of developments in the environmental arena and the recycling marketplace.A clear and detailed analysis of the industry and its major marketsA survey of trends in mining, refining, processing, end-use and consumptionUnique industry and market forecasts

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This book focuses on the plastic property of materials, and the way in which structures made of such material behave under load. It is intended for civil, mechanical, electro-mechanical, marine, and aeronautical engineers for under-graduate or post-graduate courses or research, and professionals in industry. Professor Calladine, from long experience in teaching, research and industry, here delivers a readable and authoritative account of theory and applications. He presents the classical "perfect plasticity material" as a model of irreversible mechanical behaviour, using this perfect plasticity property to analyse a range of continuum structural problems and metal-forming processes relevant to engineering practice.

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Qualitative Research and the Modern Library

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Qualitative Research and the Modern Library examines the present-day role and provides suggestions for areas that might be suited to this type of research for the purposes of evaluation. The author discusses how the results from such research might be applied, and the overall impact of using this type of research to inform development of a more user-centred organisation. The book provides a thoughtful look at the implications of using qualitative research to inform decision-making processes within libraries and is written by an author and library researcher with international experience in various types of libraries, implementing/improving programs and services, and supporting user needs.Fills a gap in the current literature that hasnt been found in journal articles written on this topicContains practical applications of qualitative research principles, with practical examples of select projectsWritten by an author and library researcher with international experience in various types of libraries, including work with large-scale qualitative studies, research design and evaluation of library services

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Microfluidic Devices for Biomedical Applications

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Microfluidics or lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is an important technology suitable for numerous applications from drug delivery to tissue engineering. Microfluidic devices for biomedical applications discusses the fundamentals of microfluidics and explores in detail a wide range of medical applications.

The first part of the book reviews the fundamentals of microfluidic technologies for biomedical applications with chapters focussing on the materials and methods for microfabrication, microfluidic actuation mechanisms and digital microfluidic technologies. Chapters in part two examine applications in drug discovery and controlled-delivery including micro needles. Part three considers applications of microfluidic devices in cellular analysis and manipulation, tissue engineering and their role in developing tissue scaffolds and stem cell engineering. The final part of the book covers the applications of microfluidic devices in diagnostic sensing, including genetic analysis, low-cost bioassays, viral detection, and radio chemical synthesis.

Microfluidic devices for biomedical applications is an essential reference for medical device manufacturers, scientists and researchers concerned with microfluidics in the field of biomedical applications and life-science industries.Discusses the fundamentals of microfluidics or lab-on-a-chip (LOC) and explores in detail a wide range of medical applicationsConsiders materials and methods for microfabrication, microfluidic actuation mechanisms and digital microfluidic technologiesConsiders applications of microfluidic devices in cellular analysis and manipulation, tissue engineering and their role in developing tissue scaffolds and stem cell engineering

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This book presents a comprehensive treatment of both functional and decorative textiles used in the automotive industry including seat covers, headliners, airbags, seat belts and tyres. Written in a clear, concise style it explains material properties and the way in which they influence manufacturing processes as well as providing practical production details.

The subject treatment cuts across the disciplines of textile chemistry, fabric and plastics technology and production engineering. Environmental effects and recycling are also covered. It is aimed at the design and process engineer in industry as well as researchers in universities and colleges. Quality engineers will also benefit from the book's sections on identifying problems and material limitations.

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Eco-efficient concrete is a comprehensive guide to the characteristics and environmental performance of key concrete types.Part one discusses the eco-efficiency and life cycle assessment of Portland cement concrete, before part two goes on to consider concrete with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Concrete with non-reactive wastes is the focus of part three, including municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) concrete, and concrete with polymeric, construction and demolition wastes (CDW). An eco-efficient approach to concrete carbonation is also reviewed, followed by an investigation in part four of future alternative binders and the use of nano and biotech in concrete production.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Eco-efficient concrete is a technical guide for all professionals, researchers and academics currently or potentially involved in the design, manufacture and use of eco-efficient concrete.The first part of the book examines the eco-efficiency and life cycle assessment of Portland cement concreteChapters in the second part of the book consider concrete with supplementary cementitious materials, including properties and performanceReviews the eco-efficient approach to concrete carbonation

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Fernando Pacheco-Torgal, S Jalali, Joao Labrincha, V M John

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Biscuit, Cookie and Cracker Manufacturing Manuals

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Manual 4: Baking and Cooling of Biscuits

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This manual explains the principles and machinery involved in baking and post-baking processes, and the key issues in maintaining both quality and throughput.

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Impact Behaviour of Fibre-Reinforced Composite Materials and Structures

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This study covers impact response, damage tolerance and failure of fibre-reinforced composite materials and structures. Materials development, analysis and prediction of structural behaviour and cost-effective design all have a bearing on the impact response of composites and this book brings together for the first time the most comprehensive and up-to-date research work from leading international experts.State of the art analysis of impact response, damage tolerance and failure of FRC materialsDistinguished contributors provide expert analysis of the most recent materials and structuresValuable tool for R&D; engineers, materials scientists and designers