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The Coal Handbook: Towards Cleaner Production

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Coal is an important fossil fuel resource for many nations due to its large remaining resources, relatively low production and processing cost and potential high energy intensity. Certain issues surround its utilisation, however, including emissions of pollutants and growing concern about climate change. The coal handbook: Towards cleaner production Volume 1 reviews the coal production supply chain from analysis to extraction and distribution.

Part one explores coal characterisation and introduces the industrial use of coal as well as coal formation, petrography, reserves, sampling and analysis. Part two moves on to review coal extraction and preparation. Chapters highlight advances in coal mining technology, underground coal gas extraction, coal sizing, comminution and cleaning, and solid-liquid separation technologies for coal. Further chapters focus on economic factors affecting coal preparation, post-treatment of coal, coal tailings treatment, and the optimisation, simulation and control of coal preparation plants. Finally, part three considers aspects of the coal supply chain including the management approach and individual functions such as coal blending and homogenisation, transportation and handling along the entire supply chain.

With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, The coal handbook Volumes 1 and 2 is a comprehensive and invaluable resource for professionals in the coal mining, preparation, and utilisation industry, those in the power sector, including plant operators and engineers, and researchers and academics interested in this field.Reviews the coal production supply chain from analysis to extraction and distributionExplores coal characterisation, formation, petrography, reserves, sampling and analysisExamines coal extraction and preparation and highlights advances in coal mining technology, underground coal gas extraction, coal sizing, comminution and cleaning, and solid-liquid separation technologies

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This book, divided into two parts, provides an introduction to the quality management issues and gives a general overview to the use of ISO 9001 in the library environment. The second part presents the main features of ISO 9001:2008 with practical comments and examples on how to implement its clauses in libraries. Whether in the public or in the private sector, libraries can be seen as service organisations: they act in very dynamic environments where users are increasingly demanding new types of services. Thus the adoption of a quality management system helps each library in meeting the needs of the customers. This book covers some key ideas about how to approach the ISO 9001 standard in library terms, or any other information service unit. Managing Your Library and its Quality offers not only a useful approach to quality but it is also an excellent guide on how to manage knowledge within organisations and, a priori, thus should be utilised by the information professional.Helps guide the implementation of a quality management system using ISO 9001, a standard widely and successfully used already in all types of organisations around the worldTranslates the ISO 9001 standard to the terms and language used within the librariesPresents a systematic approach to the quality management in libraries

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Written engagingly and with agreeable humour, this book balances a light touch with a rigorous yet economical account of the theory of games and bargaining models. It provides a precise interpretation, discussion and mathematical analysis for a wide range of game-like problems in economics, sociology, strategic studies and war.

There is first an informal introduction to game theory, which can be understood by non-mathematicians, which covers the basic ideas of extensive form, pure and mixed strategies and the minimax theorem. The general theory of non-cooperative games is then given a detailed mathematical treatment in the second chapter. Next follows a first class account of linear programming, theory and practice, terse, rigorous and readable, which is applied as a tool to matrix games and economics from duality theory via the equilibrium theorem, with detailed explanations of computational aspects of the simplex algorithm.

The remaining chapters give an unusually comprehensive but concise treatment of cooperative games, an original account of bargaining models, with a skillfully guided tour through the Shapley and Nash solutions for bimatrix games and a carefully illustrated account of finding the best threat strategies.Balances a light touch with a rigorous yet economical account of the theory of games and bargaining modelsShows basic ideas of extensive form, pure and mixed strategies, the minimax theorem, non-cooperative and co-operative games, and a first class account of linear programming, theory and practiceBased on a series of lectures given by the author in the theory of games at Royal Holloway College

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Probabilistic Safety Assessment for Optimum Nuclear Power Plant Life Management (PLiM)

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Theory and Application of Reliability Analysis Methods for Major Power Plant Components

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Probabilistic safety assessment methods are used to calculate nuclear power plant durability and resource lifetime. Successful calculation of the reliability and ageing of components is critical for forecasting safety and directing preventative maintenance, and Probabilistic safety assessment for optimum nuclear power plant life management provides a comprehensive review of the theory and application of these methods.

Part one reviews probabilistic methods for predicting the reliability of equipment. Following an introduction to key terminology, concepts and definitions, formal-statistical and various physicostatistical approaches are discussed. Approaches based on the use of defect-free models are considered, along with those using binomial distribution and models based on the residual defectiveness of structural materials. The practical applications of probabilistic methods for strength reliability are subsequently explored in part two. Probabilistic methods for increasing the reliability and safety of nuclear power plant components are investigated, as are the use of such methods for optimising non-destructive tests, hydraulic tests, technical certification and planned-preventative maintenance. Finally, the book concludes with information on the use of probabilistic methods in ensuring leak tightness of nuclear power plant steam generator heat exchanger pipes.

With its distinguished authors, Probabilistic safety assessment for optimum nuclear power plant life management is a valuable reference for all nuclear plant designers, operators, nuclear safety engineers and managers, as well as academics and researchers in this field.Discusses the theory and application of probabilistic safety assessment methods used to calculate nuclear power plant (NPP) durability and lifetimeReviews probabilistic methods in their application to NPP components and ageing pipelines for the forecasting of NPP resource lifetime and safetyAddresses the key areas of probabilistic safety analysis, optimization of the operations through in-service inspection (ISI) utilising non-destructive testing, and maintenance, service and repair approaches

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Gennadij V Arkadov, Alexander F Getman, Andrei N Rodionov

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Advanced Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites for Structural Applications

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Advanced fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have become essential materials for the building of new structures and for the repair of existing infrastructure. Advanced fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for structural applications provides an overview of different advanced FRP composites and the use of these materials in a variety of application areas.

Part one introduces materials used in the creation of advanced FRP composites including polyester, vinylester and epoxy resins. Part two goes on to explore the processing and fabrication of advanced FRP composites and includes chapters on prepreg processing and filament winding processes. Part three highlights properties of advanced FRP composites and explores how performance can be managed and tested. Applications of advanced FRP composites, including bridge engineering, pipe rehabilitation in the oil and gas industry and sustainable energy production, are discussed in part four.

With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Advanced fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for structural applications is a technical resource for researchers and engineers using advanced FRP composites, as well as professionals requiring an understanding of the production and properties of advanced FRP composites, and academics interested in this field.Provides an overview of different advanced FRP composites and the use of these materials in a variety of application areasIntroduces materials used in the creation of advanced FRP composites including polyester, vinylester and epoxy resinsExplores the processing and fabrication of advanced FRP composites and includes chapters on prepreg processing and filament winding processes

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The subjects of the symposia are on composite materials behaving as brittle, normal and special conditions of exploitation. Brittle matrix composites are applied in various domains and the series of symposia are closely related to their applications in civil engineering. In the last decades their importance is increasing along with their variety and the use of most advanced methods of testing. Papers include concretes, fibre concretes and ceramics, particularly their composition, microstructure and fracture processes. Various new and advanced engineering problems are presented in the papers.

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A M Brandt, M A Glinicki, J Olek, C K Y Leung

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Radioactive Waste Management and Contaminated Site Clean-Up

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Radioactive waste management and contaminated site clean-up reviews radioactive waste management processes, technologies, and international experiences. Part one explores the fundamentals of radioactive waste including sources, characterisation, and processing strategies. International safety standards, risk assessment of radioactive wastes and remediation of contaminated sites and irradiated nuclear fuel management are also reviewed. Part two highlights the current international situation across Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. The experience in Japan, with a specific chapter on Fukushima, is also covered. Finally, part three explores the clean-up of sites contaminated by weapons programmes including the USA and former USSR.

Radioactive waste management and contaminated site clean-up is a comprehensive resource for professionals, researchers, scientists and academics in radioactive waste management, governmental and other regulatory bodies and the nuclear power industry.Explores the fundamentals of radioactive waste including sources, characterisation, and processing strategiesReviews international safety standards, risk assessment of radioactive wastes and remediation of contaminated sites and irradiated nuclear fuel managementHighlights the current international situation across Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America specifically including a chapter on the experience in Fukushima, Japan

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William E Lee, Michael I. Ojovan, Carol M Jantzen

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As a method of joining with economic, performance-related and environmental advantages over traditional welding in some applications, adhesive bonding of joints in the marine environment is increasingly gaining popularity. Adhesives in marine engineering provides an invaluable overview of the design and use of adhesively-bonded joints in this challenging environment.

After an introduction to the use of adhesives in marine and offshore engineering, part one focuses on adhesive solution design and analysis. The process of selecting adhesives for marine environments is explored, followed by chapters discussing the specific design of adhesively-bonded joints for ship applications and wind turbines. Predicting the failure of bonded structural joints in marine engineering is also considered. Part two reviews testing the mechanical, thermal and chemical properties of adhesives for marine environments together with the moisture resistance and durability of adhesives for marine environments.

With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Adhesives in marine engineering is an essential guide for all those involved in the design, production and maintenance of bonded structures in the marine environment, as well as proving a key source for academic researchers in the field.Provides an invaluable overview of the design and use of adhesively-bonded joints in marine environmentsDiscusses the use of adhesives in marine and offshore engineering, adhesive solution design and analysis, and the design of adhesively-bonded joints for ship applications and wine turbines, among other topicsReviews testing the mechanical, thermal and chemical properties of adhesives for marine environments, together with the moisture resistance and durability of these adhesives

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Encapsulation Technologies and Delivery Systems for Food Ingredients and Nutraceuticals

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Improved technologies for the encapsulation, protection, release and enhanced bioavailability of food ingredients and nutraceutical components are vital to the development of future foods. Encapsulation technologies and delivery systems for food ingredients and nutraceuticals provides a comprehensive guide to current and emerging techniques.Part one provides an overview of key requirements for food ingredient and nutraceutical delivery systems, discussing challenges in system development and analysis of interaction with the human gastrointestinal tract. Processing technologies for encapsulation and delivery systems are the focus of part two. Spray drying, cooling and chilling are reviewed alongside coextrusion, fluid bed microencapsulation, microencapsulation methods based on biopolymer phase separation, and gelation phenomena in aqueous media. Part three goes on to investigate physicochemical approaches to the production of encapsulation and delivery systems, including the use of micelles and microemulsions, polymeric amphiphiles, liposomes, colloidal emulsions, organogels and hydrogels. Finally, part four reviews characterization and applications of delivery systems, providing industry perspectives on flavour, fish oil, iron micronutrient and probiotic delivery systems.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Encapsulation technologies and delivery systems for food ingredients and nutraceuticals is an authoritative guide for both industry and academic researchers interested in encapsulation and controlled release systems.Provides a comprehensive guide to current and emerging techniques in encapsulation technologies and delivery systemsChapters in part one provide an overview of key requirements for food ingredient and nutraceutical delivery systems, while part two discusses processing technologies for encapsulation and delivery systemsLater sections investigate physicochemical approaches to the production of encapsulation and delivery systems and review characterization and applications of delivery systems

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Case Studies in Food Safety and Authenticity

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The identification and control of food contaminants rely on careful investigation and implementation of appropriate management strategies. Using a wide range of real-life examples, Case studies in food safety and authenticity provides a vital insight into the practical application of strategies for control and prevention.

Part one provides examples of recent outbreak investigations from a wide range of experts around the world, including lessons learnt, before part two goes on to explore examples of how the source was traced and the implications for the food chain. Methods of crisis management are the focus of part three, whilst part four provides studies of farm-level interventions and the tracking of contaminants before they enter the food chain. Part five is focussed on safe food production, and considers the challenges of regulatory testing and certification, hygiene control and predictive microbiology. The book concludes in part six with an examination of issues related to food adulteration and authenticity.

With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Case studies in food safety and authenticity is a key reference work for those involved in food production, including quality control, laboratory and risk managers, food engineers, and anyone involved in researching and teaching food safety.Delivers a vital insight into the practical application of strategies for control and prevention of food contaminantsProvides detailed examples of recent outbreak investigations from a wide range of international experts, discussing how the source was traced and the implications for the food chainChapters discuss methods of crisis management, farm-level interventions, safe food production and the challenges of regulatory testing and certification

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Minimized Cardiopulmonary Bypass Techniques and Technologies

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Traditional cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) techniques have suffered from a number of disadvantages including haemodilution, inflammation and post-operative bleeding. Minimised cardiopulmonary bypass techniques use developments in perfusion technology to significantly reduce foreign surface-blood interactions to make bypass simpler and safer. This important book reviews key developments and issues relating to this promising technology.Part one covers the broad range of CPB pathophysiology, including anticoagulant protocols, the impact of CPB circuit surfaces, optimal haemodilution levels, and the important issue of CPB-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Part two focuses on the issues of the new equipment developed for mini-CPB, optimal myocardial protection protocols and CPB perfusate options. Part three discusses clinical issues, including patient selection, coronary and valve surgery protocols and, among others, paediatric patients.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Minimized cardiopulmonary bypass techniques and technologies is a valuable reference for cardiac surgery teams and those researching this important technology.Covers a broad range of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) pathophysiology, including anticoagulant protocols, the impact of CPB circuit surfaces and optimal haemodilution levelsFocuses on new equipment specially developed for minimized-CPB and myocardial protection protocolsDiscusses clinical issues, including patient selection

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Provides less mathematically minded students with a gentle introduction to basic mathematics and some more advanced topics. Covering algebra, trigonometry, calculus and statistics, it manages to combine clarity of presentation with liveliness of style and sympathy for students needs. It is straightforward, pragmatic and packed full of illustrative examples, exercises and self-test questions. The essentials of formal mathematics are lucidly explained, with terms such as integral or differential equation fully clarified.Provides a gentle introduction to basic mathematics and some more advanced topicsSystematically covers algebra, trigonometry, calculus and statisticsContains illustrative examples, exercises and self-test questions

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Developments in Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites for Civil Engineering

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The use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials has had a dramatic impact on civil engineering techniques over the past three decades. FRPs are an ideal material for structural applications where high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios are required. Developments in fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for civil engineering outlines the latest developments in fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites and their applications in civil engineering.

Part one outlines the general developments of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) use, reviewing recent advancements in the design and processing techniques of composite materials. Part two outlines particular types of fiber-reinforced polymers and covers their use in a wide range of civil engineering and structural applications, including their use in disaster-resistant buildings, strengthening steel structures and bridge superstructures.

With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Developments in fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for civil engineering is an essential text for researchers and engineers in the field of civil engineering and industries such as bridge and building construction.Outlines the latest developments in fiber-reinforced polymer composites and their applications in civil engineeringReviews recent advancements in the design and processing techniques of composite materialsCovers the use of particular types of fiber-reinforced polymers in a wide range of civil engineering and structural applications

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Cancer can affect people of all ages, and approximately one in three people are estimated to be diagnosed with cancer during their lifetime. Extensive research is being undertaken by many different institutions to explore potential new therapeutics, and biomaterials technology is now being developed to target, treat and prevent cancer. This unique book discusses the role and potential of biomaterials in treating this prevalent disease.The first part of the book discusses the fundamentals of biomaterials for cancer therapeutics. Chapters in part two discuss synthetic vaccines, proteins and polymers for cancer therapeutics. Part three focusses on theranosis and drug delivery systems, whilst the final set of chapters look at biomaterial therapies and cancer cell interaction.This extensive book provides a complete overview of the latest research into the potential of biomaterials for the diagnosis, therapy and prevention of cancer. Biomaterials for cancer therapeutics is an essential text for academics, scientists and researchers within the biomedical industry, and will also be of interest to clinicians with a research interest in cancer therapies and biomaterials.A complete overview of the latest research into the potential of biomaterials for the diagnosis, therapy and prevention of cancerDiscusses the fundamentals of biomaterials for cancer therapeuticsDiscusses synthetic vaccines, proteins and polymers for cancer therapeutics

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Although inflammation is one of the bodys first responses to infection, overactive immune responses can cause chronic inflammatory diseases. Long-term low-grade inflammation has also been identified as a risk factor for other diseases. Diet, immunity and inflammation provides a comprehensive introduction to immunity and inflammation and the role that diet and nutrition play with regard to this key bodily response.Part one, an introductory section, discusses innate and adaptive immunity, mucosal immunity in a healthy gut and chronic inflammatory diseases and low grade inflammation. Chapters in part two highlight the role of micronutrients, including zinc, selenium, iron, vitamin A and vitamin D, in inflammation and immunity. Part three explores other dietary constituents and includes chapters on intestinal bacteria and probiotics, the impacts of prebiotics on the immune system and inflammation, and antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of food bioactive proteins and peptides. Further chapters explore the role of olive oil, short and long chain fatty acids and arginine and glutamine in immune functions. Nutrition, immunity and inflammation are discussed from an integrative and life course perspective in part four. Chapters focus on adverse immune reactions to foods, early nutritional programming, the impact of nutrition on the immune system during ageing, the impact of exercise on immunity and the interaction with nutrition, and the effect that malnutrition has on immunity and susceptibility to infection.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Diet, immunity and inflammation is a comprehensive resource for those researching immunology or inflammation, nutrition scientists, and professionals in the food and nutrition industries who require an understanding of the effect that diet can have on the immune system and inflammation.Provides an overview of key research in the important and connected areas of inflammation, infection, overactive immune responses, diseases and dietOutlines the fundamentals of immunity and inflammation and reviews the effects of different food constituentsDiscusses important related issues, such as ageing and exercise

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Infinitesimal Methods of Mathematical Analysis

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This modern introduction to infinitesimal methods is a translation of the book Metodos Infinitesimais de Analise Matematica by Jose Sousa Pinto of the University of Aveiro, Portugal and is aimed at final year or graduate level students with a background in calculus. Surveying modern reformulations of the infinitesimal concept with a thoroughly comprehensive exposition of important and influential hyperreal numbers, the book includes previously unpublished material on the development of hyperfinite theory of Schwartz distributions and its application to generalised Fourier transforms and harmonic analysis. This translation by Roy Hoskins was also greatly assisted by the comments and constructive criticism of Professor Victor Neves, of the University of Aveiro.Surveys modern reformulations of the infinitesimal concept with a comprehensive exposition of important and influential hyperreal numbersIncludes material on the development of hyperfinite theory of Schwartz distributions and its application to generalised Fourier transforms and harmonic analysis

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Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) of Polymer Matrix Composites

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The increased use of polymer matrix composites in structural applications has led to the growing need for a very high level of quality control and testing of products to ensure and monitor performance over time. Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of polymer matrix composites explores a range of NDE techniques and the use of these techniques in a variety of application areas.

Part one provides an overview of a range of NDE and NDT techniques including eddy current testing, shearography, ultrasonics, acoustic emission, and dielectrics. Part two highlights the use of NDE techniques for adhesively bonded applications. Part three focuses on NDE techniques for aerospace applications including the evaluation of aerospace composites for impact damage and flaw characterisation. Finally, the use of traditional and emerging NDE techniques in civil and marine applications is explored in part four.

With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of polymer matrix composites is a technical resource for researchers and engineers using polymer matrix composites, professionals requiring an understanding of non-destructive evaluation techniques, and academics interested in this field.Explores a range of NDE and NDT techniques and considers future trendsExamines in detail NDE techniques for adhesively bonded applicationsDiscusses NDE techniques in aerospace applications including detecting impact damage, ultrasonic techniques and structural health monitoring

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The Global Textile and Clothing Industry

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Technological Advances and Future Challenges

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Advances in technology, combined with the ever-evolving needs of the global market, are having a strong impact on the textile and clothing sector. The global textile and clothing industry: Technological advances and future challenges provides an essential review of these changes, and considers their implications for future strategies concerning production and marketing of textile products.Beginning with a review of trends in the global textile industry, the book goes on to consider the impact of environmental regulation on future textile products and processes. Following this, the importance of innovation-driven textile research and development, and the role of strategic technology roadmapping are highlighted. Both the present structure and future adaptation of higher education courses in textile science are reviewed, before recent advances in textile manufacturing technology, including joining techniques, 3D body scanning and garment design and explored in depth. Finally, The global textile and clothing industry concludes by considering automating textile preforming technology for the mass production of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites.With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, The global textile and clothing industry: Technological advances and future challenges is an essential guide to key challenges and developments in this industrial sector.Comprehensively examines the implications of technological advancements and the evolving needs of the global market on the textile and clothing industry and considers their role on the future of textile manufacturingThe importance of innovation-driven textile research and development and the role of strategic technology roadmapping are thoroughly investigatedRecent advances in textile manufacturing technology, including joining techniques, 3D body scanning and garment design and explored in depth

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An increasingly important feature across the technical textile industry is to produce textiles faster and to have more effective new product development (NPD). New product development in textiles: Innovation and production not only provides a fascinating overview of how products are launched, but is also a source of practical guidance for developing textile products successfully.

Part one provides a general overview of innovation and textile product development that introduces the reader to the principles of developing and defining new products. Part two goes on to discuss a collection of international studies from across the textile industry. Chapters describe actual new product development projects, identifying the problems that were faced and what can be learnt from these projects, such as customer co-creation and methods for reducing the risk in NPD. Topics range from technical textiles and apparel to the end uses of textiles used within the automotive and packaging industries.

With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors New product development in textiles: Innovation and production is an essential guide for academics and textile development professionals worldwide, in sectors ranging from design, production and marketing through to management.
Provides a fascinating overview of how products are launchedA source of practical guidance for developing textile products successfullyCovers topics from technical textiles and apparel to the end uses of textiles used within the automotive and packaging industries

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This book presents the papers from the latest conference in this successful series on fuel injection systems for internal combustion engines. It is vital for the automotive industry to continue to meet the demands of the modern environmental agenda. In order to excel, manufacturers must research and develop fuel systems that guarantee the best engine performance, ensuring minimal emissions and maximum profit. The papers from this unique conference focus on the latest technology for state-of-the-art system design, characterisation, measurement, and modelling, addressing all technological aspects of diesel and gasoline fuel injection systems. Topics range from fundamental fuel spray theory, component design, to effects on engine performance, fuel economy and emissions.Presents the papers from the IMechE conference on fuel injection systems for internal combustion enginesPapers focus on the latest technology for state-of-the-art system design, characterisation, measurement and modelling; addressing all technological aspects of diesel and gasoline fuel injection systemsTopics range from fundamental fuel spray theory and component design to effects on engine performance, fuel economy and emissions