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Composite Reinforcements for Optimum Performance

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Reinforcements are an integral part of all composites and the quality and performance of the composite can be optimised by modelling the type and structure of the reinforcement before moulding. Composite reinforcements for optimum performance reviews the materials, properties and modelling techniques used in composite production and highlights their uses in optimising performance.Part one covers materials for reinforcements in composites, including chapters on fibres, carbon nanotubes and ceramics as reinforcement materials. In part two, different types of structures for reinforcements are discussed, with chapters covering woven and braided reinforcements, three-dimensional fibre structures and two methods of modelling the geometry of textile reinforcements: WiseTex and TexGen. Part three focuses on the properties of composite reinforcements, with chapters on topics such as in-plane shear properties, transverse compression, bending and permeability properties. Finally, part four covers characterising and modelling of reinforcements in composites, with chapters focusing on such topics as microscopic and mesoscopic approaches, X-ray tomography analysis and modelling reinforcement forming processes.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Composite reinforcements for optimum performance is an essential reference for designers and engineers in the composite and composite reinforcement manufacturing industry, as well as all those with an academic research interest in the subject.Reviews the materials, properties and modelling techniques used in composite production and highlights their uses in performance optimisationCovers materials for reinforcements in composites, including fibres, carbon nanotubes and ceramicsDiscusses characterising and modelling of reinforcements in composites, focusing on such topics as microscopic and mesoscopic approaches, X-ray tomography analysis and modelling reinforcement forming processes

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Quantum Optics with Semiconductor Nanostructures

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An understanding of the interaction between light and matter on a quantum level is of fundamental interest and has many applications in optical technologies. The quantum nature of the interaction has recently attracted great attention for applications of semiconductor nanostructures in quantum information processing. Quantum optics with semiconductor nanostructures is a key guide to the theory, experimental realisation, and future potential of semiconductor nanostructures in the exploration of quantum optics.Part one provides a comprehensive overview of single quantum dot systems, beginning with a look at resonance fluorescence emission. Quantum optics with single quantum dots in photonic crystal and micro cavities are explored in detail, before part two goes on to review nanolasers with quantum dot emitters. Light-matter interaction in semiconductor nanostructures, including photon statistics and photoluminescence, is the focus of part three, whilst part four explores all-solid-state quantum optics, crystal nanobeam cavities and quantum-dot microcavity systems. Finally, part five investigates ultrafast phenomena, including femtosecond quantum optics and coherent optoelectronics with quantum dots.With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Quantum optics with semiconductor nanostructures is an essential guide for all those involved with the research, development, manufacture and use of semiconductors nanodevices, lasers and optical components, as well as scientists, researchers and students.A key guide to the theory, experimental realisation, and future potential of semiconductor nanostructures in the exploration of quantum opticsChapters provide a comprehensive overview of single quantum dot systems, nanolasers with quantum dot emitters, and light-matter interaction in semiconductor nanostructuresExplores all-solid-state quantum optics, crystal nanobeam cavities and quantum-dot microcavity systems, and investigates ultrafast phenomena

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The growing need to find a sustainable, environmentally-friendly replacement for petroleum-based materials is fuelling the development of bio-based polymers from renewable resources. Amongst the most promising of these are vegetable oil-based polymeric materials. Vegetable oil-based polymers provides a comprehensive review of the research in this important field.After an introduction to classification and polymerization, Vegetable oil-based polymers goes on to review the factors involved in polymer biodegradation. The extraction, purification and application of vegetable oils are then explored, along with vegetable oil-based polyesters and poly(ester amide)s, polyurethanes and epoxies. The book then reviews polyamides, polyolefins and vegetable oil-based hyperbranched polymers. It concludes with an analysis of vegetable oil-based polymer composites and polymer nanocomposites.Vegetable oil-based polymers is an indispensable guide for all those involved in the research and development of biopolymers as well as the wide range of industries looking for more sustainable polymer materials.Provides a comprehensive review of recent research in the area of vegetable oil-based polymeric materialsDiscusses vegetable oils and their derivatives, biodegradable polymers and the fundamentals of polymersExplores the extraction, purification and application of vegetable oils, along with vegetable oil-based polyesters and poly(ester amide)s, polyurethanes and epoxies

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Manleys Technology of Biscuits, Crackers and Cookies

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Manleys Technology of Biscuits, Crackers and Cookies is widely regarded as the standard work in its field. Part one covers management issues such as HACCP, quality control, process control and product development. Part two deals with the selection of raw materials and ingredients. The range and types of biscuits is covered in part three, while part four covers the main production processes and equipment, from bulk handling and metering of ingredients to packaging, storage and waste management.

Eight expert authors have joined Duncan Manley in extensively updating and expanding the book, which is now some 25% longer than the previous edition. Part one now includes a new chapter on sustainability in the biscuit industry and the discussion of process and efficiency control is more detailed. In part two the information on wheat flour has been extensively revised to reflect recent developments and there are entirely new chapters on fats and oils and packaging materials. Photographs of the major types of biscuits now illustrate chapters in part three, which also includes a newly-composed chapter on the position of biscuits in nutrition. Finally, part four has been comprehensively reviewed and revised with the assistance of an author from a major machinery manufacturer.

With its distinguished editor and team of expert contributors this new edition consolidates the position of Manleys Technology of Biscuits, Crackers and Cookies as the standard reference work in the industry.
Widely regarded as the standard work in its fieldCovers management issues such as HACCP, quality control, process control and product developmentDeals with the selection of raw materials and ingredients

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Tribocorrosion of Passive Metals and Coatings

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Tribocorrosion causes the degradation or alteration of materials through the combined action of corrosion and wear. It limits the performance and life-time of installations, machines and devices with moving parts, and controls certain manufacturing processes such as chemicalmechanical polishing. The effects of tribocorrosion are most pronounced on passive metals which owe their corrosion resistance to a thin protecting oxide film. Most corrosion-resistant engineering alloys belong to this category.This book provides an introduction to the developing field of tribocorrosion and an overview of the latest research. Part one reviews basic notions of corrosion and tribology, before presenting the most recent results on the growth and structure of passive oxide films. Tribocorrosion mechanisms under fretting, sliding and erosion conditions, respectively, are then discussed. Part two focuses on methods for measuring and preventing tribocorrosion. It includes chapters on electrochemical techniques, the design of tribocorrosion test equipment, data evaluation and the optimisation of materials properties for tribocorrosion systems. Part three presents a selection of tribocorrosion problems in engineering and medicine. Three chapters address the tribocorrosion of medical implants including test methods and clinical implications. Other chapters examine tribocorrosion issues in nuclear power plants, marine environments, automotive cooling circuits, elevated-temperature metal working and chemicalmechanical polishing.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors Tribocorrosion of passive metals and coatings is an invaluable reference tool for engineers and researchers in industry and academia confronted with tribocorrosion problems.Comprehensively reviews current research on the tribocorrosion of passive metals and coatings, with particular reference to the design of tribocorrosion test equipment, data evaluation and the optimisation of materials properties for tribocorrosion systemsChapters discuss tribocorrosion mechanisms under fretting, sliding and erosion conditions before focussing on methods for measuring and preventing tribocorrosionIncludes a comprehensive selection of tribocorrosion problems in engineering and medicine, such as the tribocorrosion of medical implants, and tribocorrosion issues in nuclear power plants, marine environments, automotive cooling circuits and elevated-temperature metal working

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A cutting room is a separate area in a clothing manufacturer where garment components are cut out. The accuracy and efficiency of cutting room operations is critical to all subsequent operations and to final garment quality. Drawing on the authors extensive experience, Industrial cutting of textile materials summarises good practice in cutting room operations.After an introduction, the author reviews initial steps such as unloading, sorting and quality control of materials. She then discusses subsequent operations from lay planning and marker making, through manual and automated spreading and cutting, to fusing of cut components and final work operations such as sorting cut components for sewing. Dr Vi?umsone-Nemes also discusses marker making, spreading and cutting of more intricate fabrics such as striped fabrics and fabrics with check, motif and border patterns, narrow lace and pile fabrics.Industrial cutting of textile materials provides essential knowledge about cutting processes to designers, technologists, and managers to help in improving product quality and in controlling production processes effectively.Summarises good practice in cutting room operationsReviews initial steps such as unloading, sorting and quality control of materials and discusses subsequent operations from lay planning and marker making to fusing of cut components and final work operationsIncludes coverage of more intricate fabrics such as striped fabrics and fabrics with check, motif and border patterns, narrow lace and pile fabrics

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The processing-microstructure-property relationships in steels continue to present challenges to researchers because of the complexity of phase transformation reactions and the wide spectrum of microstructures and properties achievable. This major two-volume work summarises the current state of research on phase transformations in steels and its implications for the emergence of new steels with enhanced engineering properties.

Volume 1 reviews fundamentals and diffusion-controlled phase transformations. After a historical overview, chapters in part one discuss fundamental principles of thermodynamics, diffusion and kinetics as well as phase boundary interfaces. Chapters in part two go on to consider ferrite formation, proeutectoid ferrite and cementite transformations, pearlite formation and massive austenite-ferrite phase transformations. Part three discusses the mechanisms of bainite transformations, including carbide-containing and carbide-free bainite. The final part of the book considers additional driving forces for transformation including nucleation and growth during austenite-to-ferrite phase transformations, dynamic strain-induced ferrite transformations (DIST) as well as the effects of magnetic fields and heating rates.

With its distinguished editors and distinguished international team of contributors, the two volumes of Phase transformations in steels is a standard reference for all those researching the properties of steel and developing new steels in such areas as automotive engineering, oil and gas and energy production.Discusses the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, diffusion and kineticsConsiders various transformations, including ferrite formation, proeutectoid ferrite and cementite transformationsConsiders additional driving forces for transformation including nucleation and growth during austenite-to-ferrite phase transformations

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Fundamentals of Processing, Properties and Applications

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This important book summarises the wealth of recent research on our understanding of process-property relationships in wrought magnesium alloys and the way this understanding can be used to develop a new generation of alloys for high-performance applications.

After an introductory overview of current developments in wrought magnesium alloys, part one reviews fundamental aspects of deformation behaviour. These chapters are the building blocks for the optimisation of processing steps covered in part two, which discusses casting, extrusion, rolling and forging technologies. The concluding chapters cover applications of wrought magnesium alloys in automotive and biomedical engineering.

With its distinguished editors, and drawing on the work of leading experts in the field, Advances in wrought magnesium alloys is a standard reference for those researching, manufacturing and using these alloys.Summarises recent research on our understanding of process-property relationships in wrought magnesium alloysDiscusses the way this understanding can be used to develop a new generation of alloys for high-performance applicationsReviews casting, extrusion, rolling and forging technologies, fundamental aspects of deformation behaviour, and applications of wrought magnesium alloys in automotive and biomedical engineering

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The author's consumption theory has been known as the new ideas, new theories and new contribution to the reform and development in China. In practice, the author has rich experience of the Chinese state-owned large enterprise, and personal experience of building a business empire second to the postal system in China from a small firm to the comprehensive largest privately owned enterprise with 640 affiliated companies, 13,500 workstations, and 157,000 employees. In the fermentation field of medicine, he has 20 patents, two of which are international patents. These techniques have made some of the Chinese medicines more efficient, safe and non-toxic for the effect of conservation treatment. Therefore, this book has two parts: 1) new discovery of consumption and its significance and 2) application of the theoretical findings in real life management.

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10th International Conference on Turbochargers and Turbocharging

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This book presents the papers from the latest international conference, following on from the highly successful previous conferences in this series held regularly since 1978. Papers cover all current and novel aspects of turbocharging systems design for boosting solutions for engine downsizing. The focus of the papers is on the application of turbocharger and other pressure charging devices to spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines in the passenger car and commercial vehicles. Novel boosting solutions for diesel engines operating in the industrial and marine market sectors are also included.

The current emission legislations and environmental trends for reducing CO2 and fuel consumption are the major market forces in the transport (land and marine) and industry sectors. In these market sectors the internal combustion engine is the key product where downsizing is the driver for development for both SI and CI engines in the passenger car and commercial vehicle applications. The more stringent future market forces and environmental considerations mean more stringent engine downsizing, thus, novel systems are required to provide boosting solutions including hybrid, electric-motor and exhaust waste energy recovery systems for high efficiency, response, reliability, durability and compactness etc. For large engines the big challenge is to enhance the high specific power and efficiency whilst reducing emission levels (Nox and Sox) with variable quality fuels. This will require turbocharging systems for very high boost pressure, efficiency and a high degree of system flexibility.Presents papers from all the latest international conferencePapers cover all aspects of the turbocharging systems design for boosting solutions for engine downsizingThe focus of the papers is on the application of turbocharger and other pressure charging devices to spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines in the passenger car and commercial vehicles

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Diffusionless Transformations, High Strength Steels, Modelling and Advanced Analytical Techniques

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The processing-microstructure-property relationships in steels continue to present challenges to researchers because of the complexity of phase transformation reactions and the wide spectrum of microstructures and properties achievable. This major two-volume work summarises the current state of research on phase transformations in steels and its implications for the emergence of new steels with enhanced engineering properties.Volume 2 reviews current research on diffusionless transformations and phase transformations in high strength steels, as well as advances in modelling and analytical techniques which underpin this research. Chapters in part one discuss the crystallography and kinetics of martensite transformations, the morphology, substructure and tempering of martensite as well as shape memory in ferrous alloys. Part two summarises research on phase transformations in high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels, transformation induced plasticity (TRIP)-assisted multiphase steels, quenched and partitioned steels, advanced nanostructured bainitic steels, high manganese twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) and maraging steels. The final two parts of the book review advances in modelling and the use of advanced analytical techniques to improve our understanding of phase transformations in steels.With its distinguished editors and distinguished international team of contributors, the two volumes of Phase transformations in steels is a standard reference for all those researching the properties of steel and developing new steels in such areas as automotive engineering, oil and gas and energy production.Alongside its companion volume, this major two-volume work summarises the current state of research on phase transformations in steelsReviews research on diffusionless transformations and phase transformations in high strength steelsExamines advances in modelling and the use of advanced analytical techniques to improve understanding of phase transformations in steels

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Modelling and Simulation of Integrated Systems in Engineering

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Issues of Methodology, Quality, Testing and Application

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This book places particular emphasis on issues of model quality and ideas of model testing and validation. Mathematical and computer-based models provide a foundation for explaining complex behaviour, decision-making, engineering design and for real-time simulators for research and training. Many engineering design techniques depend on suitable models, assessment of the adequacy of a given model for an intended application is therefore critically important. Generic model structures and dependable libraries of sub-models that can be applied repeatedly are increasingly important. Applications are drawn from the fields of mechanical, aeronautical and control engineering, and involve non-linear lumped-parameter models described by ordinary differential equations.Focuses on issues of model quality and the suitability of a given model for a specific applicationMultidisciplinary problems within engineering feature strongly in the applicationsThe development and testing of nonlinear dynamic models is given very strong emphasis

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Microbial Decontamination in the Food Industry

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The problem of creating microbiologically-safe food with an acceptable shelf-life and quality for the consumer is a constant challenge for the food industry. Microbial decontamination in the food industry provides a comprehensive guide to the decontamination problems faced by the industry, and the current and emerging methods being used to solve them.Part one deals with various food commodities such as fresh produce, meats, seafood, nuts, juices and dairy products, and provides background on contamination routes and outbreaks as well as proposed processing methods for each commodity. Part two goes on to review current and emerging non-chemical and non-thermal decontamination methods such as high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric fields, irradiation, power ultrasound and non-thermal plasma. Thermal methods such as microwave, radio-frequency and infrared heating and food surface pasteurization are also explored in detail. Chemical decontamination methods with ozone, chlorine dioxide, electrolyzed oxidizing water, organic acids and dense phase CO2 are discussed in part three. Finally, part four focuses on current and emerging packaging technologies and post-packaging decontamination.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Microbial decontamination in the food industry is an indispensable guide for all food industry professionals involved in the design or use of novel food decontamination techniques, as well as any academics researching or teaching this important subject.Provides a comprehensive guide to the decontamination problems faced by the industry and outlines the current and emerging methods being used to solve themDetails backgrounds on contamination routes and outbreaks, as well as proposed processing methods for various commodities including fresh produce, meats, seafood, nuts, juices and dairy productsSections focus on emerging non-chemical and non-thermal decontamination methods, current thermal methods, chemical decontamination methods and current and emerging packaging technologies and post-packaging decontamination

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Machining Technology for Composite Materials

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Machining processes play an important role in the manufacture of a wide variety of components. While the processes required for metal components are well-established, they cannot always be applied to composite materials, which instead require new and innovative techniques. Machining technology for composite materials provides an extensive overview and analysis of both traditional and non-traditional methods of machining for different composite materials.

The traditional methods of turning, drilling and grinding are discussed in part one, which also contains chapters analysing cutting forces, tool wear and surface quality. Part two covers non-traditional methods for machining composite materials, including electrical discharge and laser machining, among others. Finally, part three contains chapters that deal with special topics in machining processes for composite materials, such as cryogenic machining and processes for wood-based composites.

With its renowned editor and distinguished team of international contributors, Machining technology for composite materials is an essential reference particularly for process designers and tool and production engineers in the field of composite manufacturing, but also for all those involved in the fabrication and assembly of composite structures, including the aerospace, marine, civil and leisure industry sectors.Provides an extensive overview of machining methods for composite materialsChapters analyse cutting forces, tool wear and surface qualityCryogenic machining and processes for wood based composites are discussed

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The addition of nanoparticles to polymer composites has led to a new generation of composite materials with enhanced and novel properties. Advances in polymer nanocomposites reviews the main types of polymer nanocomposites and their applications.Part one reviews types of polymer nanocomposites according to fillers. Processing of carbon nanotube-based nanocomposites, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and cellulose nanoparticles as functional fillers and reinforcement are discussed, alongside calcium carbonate and metal-polymer nanocomposites. Part two focuses on types of polymer nanocomposites according to matrix polymer, with polyolefin-based, (PVC)-based, nylon-based, (PET)-based and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based polymer nanocomposites discussed. Soft, gel and biodegradable polymer nanocomposites are also considered. Part three goes on to investigate key applications, including fuel cells, aerospace applications, optical applications, coatings and flame-retardant polymer nanocomposites.With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Advances in polymer nanocomposites is an essential guide for professionals and academics involved in all aspects of the design, development and application of polymer nanocomposites.Reviews the main types of polymer nanocomposites and their applicationsDiscusses processing of carbon nanotube-based nanocomposites, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and cellulose nanoparticles as functional fillers and reinforcementDiscusses polyolefin-based, (PVC)-based, nylon-based, (PET)-based and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based polymer nanocomposites

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Laser Growth and Processing of Photonic Devices

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The use of lasers in the processing of electronic and photonic material is becoming increasingly widespread, with technological advances reducing costs and increasing both the quality and range of novel devices which can be produced. Laser growth and processing of photonic devices is the first book to review this increasingly important field.

Part one investigates laser-induced growth of materials and surface structures, with pulsed laser deposition techniques, the formation of nanocones and the fabrication of periodic photonic microstructures explored in detail. Laser-induced three-dimensional micro- and nano-structuring are the focus of part two. Exploration of multiphoton lithography, processing and fabrication is followed by consideration of laser-based micro- and nano-fabrication, laser-induced soft matter organization and microstructuring, and laser-assisted polymer joining methods. The book concludes in part three with an investigation into laser fabrication and manipulation of photonic structures and devices. Laser seeding and thermal processing of glass with nanoscale resolution, laser-induced refractive index manipulation, and the thermal writing of photonic devices in glass and polymers are all considered.

With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Laser growth and processing of photonic devices is an essential tool for all materials scientists, engineers and researchers in the microelectronics industry.The first book to review the increasingly important field of laser growth and processing of photonic devicesInvestigates laser-induced growth of materials and surface structures, pulsed laser deposition techniques, the formation of nanocones and the fabrication of periodic photonic microstructuresExamines laser-induced three-dimensional micro- and nano-structuring and concludes with an investigation into laser fabrication and manipulation of photonic structures and devices

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Food safety is vital for consumer confidence, and the hygienic design of food processing facilities is central to the manufacture of safe products. Hygienic design of food factories provides an authoritative overview of hygiene control in the design, construction and renovation of food factories.

The business case for a new or refurbished food factory, its equipment needs and the impacts on factory design and construction are considered in two introductory chapters. Part one then reviews the implications of hygiene and construction regulation in various countries on food factory design. Retailer requirements are also discussed. Part two describes site selection, factory layout and the associated issue of airflow. Parts three, four and five then address the hygienic design of essential parts of a food factory. These include walls, ceilings, floors, selected utility and process support systems, entry and exit points, storage areas and changing rooms. Lastly part six covers the management of building work and factory inspection when commissioning the plant.

With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Hygienic design of food factories is an essential reference for managers of food factories, food plant engineers and all those with an academic research interest in the field.An authoritative overview of hygiene control in the design, construction and renovation of food factoriesExamines the implications of hygiene and construction regulation in various countries on food factory designDescribes site selection, factory layout and the associated issue of airflow

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Durability and Reliability of Medical Polymers

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Given the widespread use of polymers in medical devices, the durability and reliability of this material in use is an area of critical importance. Durability and reliability of medical polymers reviews the performance of both bioresorbable and non-bioresorbable medical polymers.

Part one provides a review of the types and properties of bioresorbable medical polymers. The effect of molecular structure on properties is discussed, along with the processing of bioresorbable and other polymers for medical applications. Transport phenomena and the degradation of bioresorbable medical polymers are reviewed, before an exploration of synthetic bioresorbable polymers and their use in orthopaedic tissue regeneration. Part two goes on to explore the durability and reliability of non-bioresorbable medical polymers, and wear processes in polymer implants and ageing processes of biomedical polymers in the body are discussed in depth, before an investigation into manufacturing defects and the failure of synthetic polymeric medical devices.

With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Durability and reliability of medical polymers is an essential tool for all materials scientists, researchers and engineers involved in the design, development and application of medical polymers, whilst also providing a helpful overview of the subject for biologists, chemist and clinicians.Comprehensively examines the performance of both bioresorbable and non-bioresorbable medical polymersDiscusses the processing of bioresorbable and other polymers for medical applications, before reviewing the degradation of bioresorbable medical polymersExplores the durability and reliability of non-bioresorbable medical polymers and discusses wear processes in polymer implants and ageing processes of biomedical polymers in the body

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Failure Mechanisms in Polymer Matrix Composites

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Criteria, Testing and Industrial Applications

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Polymer matrix composites are increasingly replacing traditional materials, such as metals, for applications in the aerospace, automotive and marine industries. Because of the relatively recent development of these composites there is extensive on-going research to improve the understanding and modelling of their behaviour  particularly their failure processes. As a consequence there is a strong demand among design engineers for the latest information on this behaviour in order to fully exploit the potential of these materials for a wide range of weight-sensitive applications. Failure mechanisms in polymer matrix composites explores the main types of composite failure and examines their implications in specific applications.Part one discusses various failure mechanisms, including a consideration of manufacturing defects and addressing a variety of loading forms such as impact and the implications for structural integrity. This part also reviews testing techniques and modelling methods for predicting potential failure in composites. Part two investigates the effects of polymer-matrix composite failure in a range of industries including aerospace, automotive and other transport, defence, marine and off-shore applications. Recycling issues and environmental factors affecting the use of composite materials are also considered.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors Failure mechanisms in polymer matrix composites is a valuable reference for designers, scientists and research and development managers working in the increasing range of industries in which composite materials are extensively used. The book will also be a useful guide for academics studying in the composites field.Discusses various failure mechanisms, including manufacturing defectsReviews testing techniques and modelling methods for predicting potential failureInvestigates failure in aerospace, automotive, defence, marine and off-shore applications

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Paul Robinson, Emile Greenhalgh, Silvestre Pinho

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Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology

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Volume 2: In Situ Characterization Techniques for Low Temperature Fuel Cells

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Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) technology are promising forms of low-temperature electrochemical power conversion technologies that operate on hydrogen and methanol respectively. Featuring high electrical efficiency and low operational emissions, they have attracted intense worldwide commercialization research and development efforts. These R&D; efforts include a major drive towards improving materials performance, fuel cell operation and durability. In situ characterization is essential to improving performance and extending operational lifetime through providing information necessary to understand how fuel cell materials perform under operational loads.

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology, Volume 2 details in situ characterization, including experimental and innovative techniques, used to understand fuel cell operational issues and materials performance. Part I reviews enhanced techniques for characterization of catalyst activities and processes, such as X-ray absorption and scattering, advanced microscopy and electrochemical mass spectrometry. Part II reviews characterization techniques for water and fuel management, including neutron radiography and tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and Raman spectroscopy. Finally, Part III focuses on locally resolved characterization methods, from transient techniques and electrochemical microscopy, to laser-optical methods and synchrotron radiography.

With its international team of expert contributors, Polymer electrolyte membrane and direct methanol fuel cell technology will be an invaluable reference for low temperature fuel cell designers and manufacturers, as well as materials science and electrochemistry researchers and academics. Polymer electrolyte membrane and direct methanol fuel cell technology is an invaluable reference for low temperature fuel cell designers and manufacturers, as well as materials science and electrochemistry researchers and academics.Details in situ characterisation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), including the experimental and innovative techniques used to understand fuel cell operational issues and materials performanceExamines enhanced techniques for characterisation of catalyst activities and processes, such as X-ray absorption and scattering, advanced microscopy and electrochemical mass spectrometryReviews characterisation techniques for water and fuel management, including neutron radiography and tomography, and comprehensively covers locally resolved characterisation methods, from transient techniques to laser-optical methods