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A sweet taste is often a critical component in a consumers sensory evaluation of a food product. This important book summarises key research on what determines consumer perceptions of sweet taste, the range of sweet-tasting compounds and the ways their use in foods can be optimised.

The first part of the book reviews factors affecting sweet taste perception. It includes chapters on how taste cells respond to sweet taste compounds, genetic differences in sweet taste perception, the influence of taste-odour and taste-ingredient interactions and ways of measuring consumer perceptions of sweet taste. Part two discusses the main types of sweet-tasting compounds: sucrose, polyols, low-calorie and reduced-calorie sweeteners. The final part of the book looks at ways of improving the use of sweet-tasting compounds, including the range of strategies for developing new natural sweeteners, improving sweetener taste, optimising synergies in sweetener blends and improving the use of bulk sweeteners.

With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Optimising sweet taste in foods is a standard reference for the food industry in improving low-fat and other foods.Investigates what determines consumer perceptions of sweet tasteLooks at improving the use of sweet-tasting compoundsExplores strategies for delivering new natural sweeteners

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There has long been a need for a comprehensive one-volume reference on the main types of processed meat products and their methods of manufacture. Based on over twenty years experience in the industry, Meat products handbook is designed to meet that need. It combines a detailed practical knowledge of processing and ingredients with the scientific underpinning to understand the effect of particular process steps and ingredients on product safety and quality.

The first part of the book reviews meat composition and its effect on quality together with the role of additives. There are chapters on fat, protein and other components in meat, changes in meat pre- and post-slaughter, and additives such as phosphates, salts, hydrocolloids, proteins, carbohydrates and fillers. Part two reviews raw materials, additives, manufacturing processes and representative recipes from around the world for a range of particular meat products. It includes chapters on cooked ham and bacon, cooked, fresh and raw fermented sausages, raw fermented and non-fermented salami, cured air-dried products, burgers and patties, brawn and meat jelly, canned and marinated meat. The final part of the book discusses quality and safety issues, particularly meat microbiology.

Meat products handbook is a standard reference for R&D;, quality and production managers in meat processing.A one volume reference on processed meat productsCombines detailed practical knowledge of processing and ingredients with scientific understandingA standard reference for research & development, quality and production managers in the meat industry

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Twenty years of work went into the writing of this: the first book to cover the history of mines and mining in North and South America. The text is enlivened by sketches of many miners the author got to know over the decades.

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Health and Environmental Safety of Nanomaterials

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Polymer Nancomposites and Other Materials Containing Nanoparticles

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Health and Environmental Safety of Nanomaterials addresses concerns about the impact of nanomaterials on the environment and human health, and examines the safety of specific nanomaterials. Understanding the unique chemical and physical properties of nanostructures has led to many developments in the applications of nanocomposite materials. While these materials have applications in a huge range of areas, their potential for toxicity must be thoroughly understood.

Part one introduces the properties of nanomaterials, nanofillers, and nanocomposites, and questions whether they are more toxic than their bulk counterparts. Part two looks at the release and exposure of nanomaterials. The text covers sampling techniques and data analysis methods used to assess nanoparticle exposure, as well as protocols for testing the safety of polymer nanocomposites. It explains characterization techniques of airborne nanoparticles and life cycle assessment of engineered nanomaterials. Part three focuses on the safety of certain nanomaterials, including nanolayered silicates, carbon nanotubes, and metal oxides. In particular, it explores the potential ecotoxicological hazards associated with the different structures of carbon nanotubes and the safe recycling of inorganic and carbon nanoparticles. The final two chapters address the risks of nanomaterials in fire conditions: their thermal degradation, flammability, and toxicity in different fire scenarios.

This is a scientific guide with technical background for professionals using nanomaterials in industry, scientists, academicians, research scholars, and polymer engineers. It also offers a deep understanding of the subject for undergraduate and postgraduate students.
Introduces the properties of nanomaterials, nanofillers, and nanocomposites, and questions whether they are more toxic than their bulk counterparts Covers sampling techniques and data analysis methods used to assess nanoparticle exposure, as well as protocols for testing the safety of polymer nanocomposites Explores the potential ecotoxicological hazards associated with the different structures of carbon nanotubes and the safe recycling of inorganic and carbon nanoparticles

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James Njuguna, Krzysztof Pielichowski, Huijun Zhu

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A Guide to Using North American and European Markets

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Agricultural futures and options has been written for the potential and actual users of agricultural futures markets but should also provide a useful introduction to the more academic students of the subject.

Divided into three parts, the first examines the North American markets with chapters on Chicago, definitions, hedgers, commodity trading advisors, options, New York and the Winnipeg community.

Part 2's study of the European markets looks at soft commodities and the London Fox, the London Grain Futures Market, meat futures, potato futures and soya bean meal futures.

Investing and investor protection is the subject of part 3. Guidelines are provided for opening and servicing an account and a further chapter deals with regulation.

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In the Dictionary of textile finishing the textile engineer will find the correct technical terms for 16,000 keywords within their field of activity in the German language and vice versa. The dictionary is the link between the Encyclopedia of Textile Finishing and the Lexikon der Textilveredelung from the same author. It is supplemented by a comprehensive collection of acronyms in the textile field (approx. 500 acronyms and their meanings). This book is essential for all textile engineers in the textile industry and textile machine producing industry, researchers, students, translators and journalists in textile science.

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A practical 'how to do it' book written with the design and welding interface in mind. It informs designers not only of what they should know about welding but also, and most importantly, sets out the information the designer should give to the welding engineer or fabrication superintendent so that the designer's aims can be achieved, in terms of engineering performance, safety, reliability, cost and appearance.

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Woodhead Publishing in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition... a good reference book for food processors and packers of herbs and spices.Food Technology (of Volume 1)... a standard reference for manufacturers who use herbs and spices in their products.Food Trade Review (of Volume 2)The final volume of this three-volume sequence completes the coverage of the main herbs and spices used in food processing. The first part of the book reviews ways of improving the safety of herbs and spices. There are chapters on detecting and controlling mycotoxin contamination, controlling pesticide and other residues, the use of irradiation and other techniques to decontaminate herbs and spices, packaging and storage, QA and HACCP systems. Part two reviews the potential health benefits of herbs and spices with chapters discussing their role in preventing chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease and promoting gut health. The final part of the book comprises chapters on twenty individual herbs and spices, covering such topics as chemical composition, cultivation and quality issues, processing, functional benefits and uses in food. Herbs and spices reviewed range from asafoetida, capers and carambola to perilla, potato onion and spearmint.The final volume will consolidate the reputation of this three-volume series, providing a standard reference for R&D; and QA staff using herbs and spices in their food products.The final volume of this three-volume sequence completes the coverage of the main herbs and spices used in food processingIncorporates safety issues, production, main uses and regulationsReviews the potential health benefits of herbs and spices

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A Handbook of Best Practice, Innovative Commercial Solutions and Case Studies

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Continuing food poisoning outbreaks around the globe have put fresh produce safety at the forefront of food research. Global Safety of Fresh Produce provides a detailed and comprehensive overview of best practice for produce safety throughout the food chain, and unique coverage of commercial technologies for fresh produce safety.

Part one covers the production and regulation of fresh produce on the agricultural level, including issues of niche farm fresh products, FDA regulation, and zoonotic transfer of pathogens from animals to farm products. Part two moves on to look at safety and environmental issues surrounding fresh produce processing, such as postharvest washing, alternative sanitizers, and using produce waste as animal feed. Part three focuses on current and emerging commercial solutions for fresh produce safety, like ionizing radiation and edible coatings, and part four covers methods of laboratory testing and related legislation. The final section of the book covers a series of case studies of fresh produce safety breaches, including European E. coli outbreaks in sprouts and leafy greens, and the illegal use of fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) in China.

This book is an essential text for R&D; managers in the fresh produce industry, quality control professionals working with fresh produce throughout the food chain, postgraduate students, and academic researchers with an interest in fresh produce safety.
Provides a comprehensive overview of best practice for produce safetyExamines the production and regulation of fresh agricultural produceLooks at safety and environmental issues surrounding fresh produce processing

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Control and Estimation of Piecewise Affine Systems

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As a powerful tool to study nonlinear systems and hybrid systems, piecewise affine (PWA) systems have been widely applied to mechanical systems. Control and Estimation of Piecewise Affine Systems presents several research findings relating to the control and estimation of PWA systems in one unified view.

Chapters in this title discuss stability results of PWA systems, using piecewise quadratic Lyapunov functions and piecewise homogeneous polynomial Lyapunov functions. Explicit necessary and sufficient conditions for the controllability and reachability of a class of PWA systems are considered along with controller and estimator design methods for PWA systems using linear matrix inequality (LMI) and bilinear matrix inequality (BMI) techniques. A PWA approach to a class of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy system is discussed in depth. The book uses a number of mechanical systems, such as disk servo systems to illustrate the advantages of the proposed methods.
Provides new insights on properties of PWA systems, including stability, stabilizability, reachability and controllabilityPresents a unified framework for analysis and synthesis of both continuous-time and discrete-time PWA systemsPresents novel approaches for stability analysis and control design based on the promising SOS techniques

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Proceedings of the 1st International Joint Symposium on Joining and Welding

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This book contains the papers from the Proceedings of the 1st international joint symposium on joining and welding held at Osaka University, Japan, 6-8 November 2013. The use of frictional heating to process and join materials has been used for many decades. Rotary and linear friction welding are vital techniques for many industrial sectors. More recently the development of friction stir welding (FSW) has significantly extended the application of friction processing. This conference is the first event organized by the three major institutes for joining and welding to focus on the broad range of friction processes. This symposium will provide the latest valuable information from academic and industrial experts from around the world on FSW, FSP, linear and rotary friction welding.

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Principles of Colour and Appearance Measurement

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Object Appearance, Colour Perception and Instrumental Measurement

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Colour and appearance perceptions are very complex psychological phenomena. Written by one of the foremost authorities in the field, Principles of Colour and Appearance Measurement is a major two-volume work addressing the key topics required to understand the issues and manage colour effectively. The book addresses how objects appear to viewers, how viewers perceive colour, and the major types of instrumentation used to measure colour.

Chapters detail the characteristics of light sources and object colour and appearance attributes. They encompass the complexities of human visual perception, including the various causes and types of colour blindness, and other unusual visual phenomena. The book also covers colour measurement instruments and methods, as well as fluorescence and whiteness.

Principles of Colour Appearance and Measurement is a comprehensive resource for designers, colour technologists, colour quality inspectors, product developers, and anyone who uses colour in their work.
Addresses the key topics required to understand the issues of colour measure and management Examines how viewers perceive colour and how objects appear to them Reviews the major types of instrumentation used to measure colour

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Managing colour from the design stage to the finished product can be a difficult activity as colour perception is subjective and can therefore be inconsistent. Total colour management in textiles covers all aspects of managing colour from the design stage to the final product, ensuring that the designers vision is fulfilled in the finished colour. There have been many new developments in the area of colour measurement and colour perception which are discussed. These include discussion of the sensory effect of colour for design and use in product development, and digital colour simulation.Concentrates on managing colour from the design stage to the finished productProvides a comprehensive discussion on the many aspects of textile colour managementWritten with an industrial applications viewpoint

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Watsons textile design and colour: Elementary weaves and figured fabrics was first published in 1912 and has been revised several times by the original author and a number of other well respected textile experts. This edition revised by Z Grosicki has been rewritten, reorganised and new approaches have been added to allow a clear understanding of the nature of woven structures. Watsons textile design and colour is a comprehensive treatise on simple woven cloth construction and design.

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At present the textile industry produces the majority of its 34 billion square yards of printed textile fabric by screen printing. However as we move into the digital age developments in digital printing of paper are being adapted more and more for the textile market. Inkjet textile printing is growing while growth in analog textile printing remains stagnant. As digital print technologies improve offering faster production and larger cost-effective print runs, digital printing will grow to become the technology that provides the majority of the worlds printed textiles.This comprehensive introduction to the subject is broken into five sections. After two introductory chapters, it goes on to look in a number of detailed chapters at printer and print head technologies. The next section examines the printer software required for successful colour design and management. The digital printing colouration process is explored next, with chapters on substrate preparation, pigmented ink, aqueous inkjet ink, pre-treatment and printing on cationized cotton with reactive inks. The book is concluded with three chapters on the design and business aspect of digital printing.Digital printing of textiles contains fundamental technical explanations along with recent research, and is an invaluable guide for product developers, retailers, designers and academic researchers.Provides coverage of all the current developments in digital textile printingCovers important areas such as printer and print head technologies, printer software, digital printing colouration and design and business for digital printing

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Service Life Prediction - Progress and Challenges

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Elastomeric components are widely used in engineering. Increasing demands are placed on them to withstand hostile conditions such as high temperature and corrosive environments. These demands make it harder to predict likely service life or improve design to ensure their longer-term performance. This important book reviews the wealth of research on understanding fatigue and failure in elastomers, and how this understanding can be used to predict and extend their service life.The first part of the book reviews factors determining ageing behaviour such as heat, corrosive environments, wear and cracking. It also discusses the strengths and weaknesses of current service prediction models. The second part of the book focuses on analysing and improving the design and service life of particular applications such as O-rings, bearings, springs and valves.With its distinguished editor and team of contributors, Elastomers and components: service life prediction; progress and challenges is an invaluable reference for engineers involved in the design and use of elastomers.Looks at the wealth of research on understanding fatigue and failure in elastomersDiscusses the strengths and weaknesses of current service prediction modelsAn invaluable reference for engineers

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The public health impact of foodborne disease in both the developed and developing world is high. Foodborne illness is a major cause of disease and some infections can be fatal. With the rise of globalisation, trends towards minimal processing, and changes in food consumption patterns, the food industry, food safety agencies, and public health officials must coordinate their activities to monitor the interactions between foodborne pathogens and food consumers. This important collection reviews vital issues in the relationship between consumers and foodborne bacteria, viruses and parasites, and surveys how interactions between microorganisms and their human hosts influence foodborne disease.Part one considers factors which increase the risk of exposure to foodborne hazards, exploring issues such as the demographics of our changing population and trends in agricultural management. Part two examines human host factors which influence foodborne disease. It includes chapters on non-specific host defences, immunity to foodborne pathogens and heightened susceptibility to foodborne disease due to underlying illness or pregnancy. The final part of the book reviews the mechanisms used by numerous pathogenic agents to invade, evade, colonise and reproduce in the human host. Quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA), essential for the protection of public health, is also covered.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Food consumption and disease risk: consumer-pathogen interactions will be an essential reference for microbiologists, R&D; and QA staff in the food industry.Considers factors that increase the risk of exposure to foodborne hazardsExamines the human factors that influence diseaseDistinguished editor and international team of contributors

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Control of Welding Distortion in Thin-Plate Fabrication

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The intense temperature fields caused by heat sources in welding frequently lead to distortions and residual stresses in the finished product. Welding distortion is a particular problem in fabricating thin plate structures such as ships. Based on pioneering research by the authors, Control of Welding Distortion in Thin-Plate Fabrication reviews distortion test results from trials and shows how outcomes can be modeled computationally. The book provides readers with an understanding of distortion influences and the means to develop distortion-reducing strategies.

The book is structured as an integrated treatment. It opens by reviewing the development of computational welding mechanics approaches to distortion. Following chapters describe the industrial context of stiffened plate fabrication and further chapters provide overviews of distortion mechanics and the modeling approach. A chapter on full-scale welding trials is followed by three chapters that develop modeling strategies through thermal process and thermo-mechanical simulations, based on finite-element analysis. Simplified models are a particular feature of these chapters. A final sequence of chapters explores the simulation of welding distortion in butt welding of thin plates and fillet welding of stiffened plate structures, and shows how these models can be used to optimize design and fabrication methods to control distortion.

Control of Welding Distortion in Thin-Plate Fabrication is a comprehensive resource for metal fabricators, engineering companies, welders and welding companies, and practicing engineers and academics with an interest in welding mechanics.
Allows practitioners in the field to minimize distortion during the welding of thin plates Provides computational tools that can give insight into the effects of welding and fabrication procedures Demonstrates how welding distortion in thin plate fabrications can be minimized through design

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Hypersingular Integral Equations in Fracture Analysis

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Hypersingular Integral Equations in Fracture Analysis explains how plane elastostatic crack problems may be formulated and solved in terms of hypersingular integral equations. The unknown functions in the hypersingular integral equations are the crack opening displacements. Once the hypersingular integral equations are solved, the crack tip stress intensity factors, which play an important role in fracture analysis, may be easily computed.

This title consists of six chapters: Elastic crack problems, fracture mechanics, equations of elasticity and finite-part integrals; Hypersingular integral equations for coplanar cracks in anisotropic elastic media; Numerical methods for solving hypersingular integral equations; Hypersingular boundary integral equation method for planar cracks in an anisotropic elastic body; A numerical Green's function boundary integral approach for crack problems; and Edge and curved cracks and piezoelectric cracks.

This book provides a clear account of the hypersingular integral approach for fracture analysis, gives in complete form the hypersingular integral equations for selected crack problems, and lists FORTRAN programs of numerical methods for solving hypersingular integral equations.
Explains the hypersingular integral approach using specific and progressively more complex crack problemsGives hypersingular integral equations for selected crack problems in complete formLists computer codes in FORTRAN for the numerical solution of hypersingular integral equations

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Career Management and Personal PR for Librarians

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Managing Your Brand: Career Management and Personal PR for Librarians sets out guidelines for developing career pathways, including options for career change and the exploration of community service, as an avenue that can provide new opportunities.

The text allows librarians at all levels to maximize their talents, providing them with career planning strategies that will facilitate professional development and personal satisfaction.

Early chapters provide advice and strategies to readers, with later chapters addressing working relationships, librarianship, scholarship, and other forms of service.
Addresses career concerns, but also takes family life into account Explains branding as a way of focusing a career around a few key ideas, while also allowing for growth and shifts in interests Folds in sources from the business and general academic world along with librarianship Sets out simple habits people can cultivate that are helpful in tenure and career development